トラウマ ノ コウゾウカ カイジ ガ ガイショウゴ ストレス ハンノウ ト ワーキング メモリ ヨウリョウ ニ オヨボス エイキョウ : ガイショウゴ ストレス ハンノウ オ チョウキ ニ ワタッテ イジ サセテイル コジン オ タイショウ ト シタ ケントウ

The first purpose of this study was to establish effective structured disclosure for the reduction of the post traumatic stress reactions (PTSR) than the free disclosure. The second purpose was to investigate whether the disclosure of the trauma brought the increase of the working memory capacity (WMC).Individuals who have maintained PTSR more than six months were selected as participants. Sixteen participants were randomly assigned to one of the three groups: structured disclosure group (S)，free disclosure group (F)，control group (C). To enhance cognitive restructuring of the trauma，the S group was required to describe the trauma following detailed instructions. In addition，they were asked to rate the conviction degree for the negative cognitions about the trauma quantitatively. The F group was asked to describe the trauma as freely as they remember it. The C group was asked to write about neutral topics. Measures were Impact of Event scale and WMC scores. Results indicated that only the structured disclosure significantly decreased the degree of the PTSR. Although the WMC scores increased in the S group，there was not the significant difference. Thus，the further research is needed to modify the procedures of cognitive restructuring and to increase the number of participants

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This paper compares the discourse of English native-speakers in Japanese to that of Japanese native-speakers. Because of the inter-connection between languages and their cultures, the way of expression in English is different to the way of expression in Japanese. For example, while English native-speakers tend to describe an event exactly as it occurred, Japanese native-speakers describe it from their individual perspectives. To illustrate this, I have focused on passives and verbs of giving, which have original characteristics in Japanese. I argue that one of the reasons why the discourse of English native-speakers tends to be unnatural is this difference in viewpoint of the speaker that exists between Japanese native-speakers and English native-speakers

Affinity for α-tocopherol transfer protein as a determinant of the biological activities of vitamin E analogs

Abstractα-Tocopherol transfer protein (αTTP), a product of the gene which causes familial isolated vitamin E deficiency, plays an important role in determining the plasma vitamin E level. We examined the structural characteristics of vitamin E analogs required for recognition by αTTP. Ligand specificity was assessed by evaluating the competition of non-labeled vitamin E analogs and α-[3H]tocopherol for transfer between membranes in vitro. Relative affinities (RRR-α-tocopherol=100%) calculated from the degree of competition were as follows: β-tocopherol, 38%; γ-tocopherol, 9%; δ-tocopherol, 2%; α-tocopherol acetate, 2%; α-tocopherol quinone, 2%; SRR-α-tocopherol, 11%; α-tocotrienol, 12%; trolox, 9%. Interestingly, there was a linear relationship between the relative affinity and the known biological activity obtained from the rat resorption-gestation assay. From these observations, we conclude that the affinity of vitamin E analogs for αTTP is one of the critical determinants of their biological activity

Research ethics consultation : an attempt and 5-year experience in a Japanese University Hospital

Objective: Research ethics consultation is an advisory activity that differs from ethics committees, and its role is not yet widely known in Japan. Research ethics consultations were started in 2012 by members of the Clinical Trial Center of Tokushima University Hospital, a support section for clinical trials. We analyzed the research ethics consultation records from Tokushima University Hospital during the 5-year period of 2012–2016 to examine the Japanese context of research ethics consultation. Results: During the study period, 125 research ethics consultations were carried out, 115 (91%) before starting studies. All but one request were from investigators at Tokushima University. The main issue was compatibility with guidance and regulations (n = 74, 67.2%), such as ethical handling of human biological specimens and information utilized in research; only 6 (4.8%) requests involved research ethics issues that investigators face in their research. Therefore, it is necessary to expand the consultation function, with a nationwide system of consultant education and data sharing. Moreover, standardization of consultation should be considered

Essential roles of DC-derived IL-15 as a mediator of inflammatory responses in vivo

Interleukin (IL)-15 is expressed in a variety of inflammatory diseases. However, the contribution of dendritic cell (DC)–derived IL-15 to the development of diseases is uncertain. Using established models of Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes)– and zymosan-induced liver inflammation, we observed granuloma formation in the livers of wild-type (WT) and RAG-2−/− mice but not in those of IL-15−/− mice. We demonstrate that this is likely caused by an impaired sequential induction of IL-12, IFN-γ, and chemokines necessary for monocyte migration. Likewise, lethal endotoxin shock was not induced in P. acnes– and zymosan-primed IL-15−/− mice or in WT mice treated with a new IL-15–neutralizing antibody. In both systems, proinflammatory cytokine production was impaired. Surprisingly, neither granuloma formation, lethal endotoxin shock, nor IL-15 production was induced in mice deficient for DCs, and adoptive transfer of WT but not IL-15−/− DCs restored the disease development in IL-15−/− mice. Collectively, these data indicate the importance of DC-derived IL-15 as a mediator of inflammatory responses in vivo

特別支援学校における嚥下調整食への展開を考慮した学校給食の献立

目的：基本献立食から嚥下調整食への展開を考慮した特別支援学校の給食献立を4週間分作成することを目的とした。方法：検討した献立は，10歳～11歳の特別支援学校の児童を対象とし，4週間（20日）分のサイクルメニューとした。献立作成にあたっては，学校給食実施基準に定められた学校給食摂取基準のうち，10歳～11歳の児童に対する1人1回当たりの摂取基準値を給与栄養目標量とした。基本献立食から嚥下調整食へ展開するために，フードカッターなどを使用した場合に刻みきれない，もやし，干し椎茸，小松菜，とうもろこし，こんにゃくは使用しない等の考慮を払って基本献立を作成した。作成した4週間分の各献立にっいて5食ずつ試作（計100食）して検食し，最終献立を作成した。結果：作成した献立は給与栄養目標量を満たしていた。結論：作成した献立は，嚥下調整食への展開の際に除去が必要な食品を用いずに給与栄養目標量を満たしていた。従って，摂食嚥下機能に障害のある児童を対象とした嚥下調整食への再調理の場合にも使用食品を変更することなく，給食の提供が可能である

Configurational studies of complexes of tea catechins with caffeine and various cyclodextrins.

A suspension of an equimolecular amount of ENT-gallocatechin-3-O-gallate ( ENTGCg) and caffeine in water afforded two kinds of crystals, which were 1 : 2 and 2 : 2 complexes of ENTGCg and caffeine. The stereochemical structures and intermolecular interactions between ENTGCg and caffeine were determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis. The crystal structure of ENTGCg was determined and compared with those of the 1 : 2 and 2 : 2 complexes. Epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCg) formed a 1 : 1 complex with β-cyclodextrin (CD), in which the aromatic A ring and a part of the heterocyclic C ring were included from the wide secondary hydroxyl group side of the β-CD cavity in aqueous solution, while the B rings and 3-O-gallate groups (B\u27 rings) were left outside the cavity. In contrast, ENTGCg formed a 1 : 2 complex with β-CD, in which the aromatic A and B rings of ENTGCg were included by two molecules of β-CD.A suspension of an equimolecular amount of ENT-gallocatechin-3-O-gallate ( ENTGCg) and caffeine in water afforded two kinds of crystals, which were 1 : 2 and 2 : 2 complexes of ENTGCg and caffeine. The stereochemical structures and intermolecular interactions between ENTGCg and caffeine were determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis. The crystal structure of ENTGCg was determined and compared with those of the 1 : 2 and 2 : 2 complexes. Epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCg) formed a 1 : 1 complex with β-cyclodextrin (CD), in which the aromatic A ring and a part of the heterocyclic C ring were included from the wide secondary hydroxyl group side of the β-CD cavity in aqueous solution, while the B rings and 3-O-gallate groups (B\u27 rings) were left outside the cavity. In contrast, ENTGCg formed a 1 : 2 complex with β-CD, in which the aromatic A and B rings of ENTGCg were included by two molecules of β-CD