Effects of a rifampicin pre-treatment on linezolid pharmacokinetics.

Linezolid is an oxazolidinone antibiotic that effectively treats methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE). Since rifampicin induces other antibiotic effects, it is combined with linezolid in therapeutic regimes. However, linezolid blood concentrations are reduced by this combination, which increases the risk of the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. We herein demonstrated that the combination of linezolid with rifampicin inhibited its absorption and promoted its elimination, but not through microsomal enzymes. Our results indicate that the combination of linezolid with rifampicin reduces linezolid blood concentrations via metabolic enzymes

The social development of children : A longitudinal study in primary interventional group

This study investigated the social development of the children who participated in a primary interventional group. This group offers one of the developmental support activities to children with developmental delay and their mother. Nine pairs of child (26-33 month-olds) and mother participated in this investigation among about three months. The children were assessed by psychotherapists with the assessment scale about social development. After three months, they were assessed again, then first score and last score were compared by t-test. Results showed that scores of several items about the consciousness to the group and the relationship with other children were changed. In addition, their mothers were also assessed by psychotherapists with the assessment scale about attitudes to their children. In the results, two items about relation with their children were changed

Evaluation of pharmacokinetics and the stability of daptomycin in serum at various temperatures

Background: Daptomycin exhibits concentration-dependent antibacterial activity. By monitoring daptomycin serum concentrations, clinicians may be able to predict the effectiveness of treatments for infections more accurately. However, it has been reported that daptomycin concentrations in plasma samples stored at −20 °C decrease approximately 25% after 4 weeks. The aim of this study was to evaluate the stability of daptomycin in serum at various temperatures. Methods: Daptomycin serum samples were prepared and stored at different temperatures. The stability of daptomycin under various conditions was evaluated by sequential measurements of concentration. Results: Although the loss of concentration of daptomycin in serum samples stored in freezers (−80 °C and −20 °C) was less than 10% after 168 days (6 months), the concentrations in samples stored in a refrigerator (4 °C) decreased by more than 70% over the same period. Furthermore, daptomycin concentrations in serum samples stored at close to body temperature (35 °C, 37 °C, and 39 °C) decreased by more than 50% after only 24 h. Conclusions: The results of the present study demonstrate that the measurement of serum concentrations of daptomycin needs to be performed rapidly. Furthermore, the degradation of daptomycin in serum may be involved in its elimination from the living body

幼児における社会性の発達 : 1次療育グループにおける縦断的調査

This study investigated the social development of the children who participated in a primary interventional group. This group offers one of the developmental support activities to children with developmental delay and their mother. Nine pairs of child (26-33 month-olds) and mother participated in this investigation among about three months. The children were assessed by psychotherapists with the assessment scale about social development. After three months, they were assessed again, then first score and last score were compared by t-test. Results showed that scores of several items about the consciousness to the group and the relationship with other children were changed. In addition, their mothers were also assessed by psychotherapists with the assessment scale about attitudes to their children. In the results, two items about relation with their children were changed

Additional file 1 of Comparison of the efficacy of anti-diabetic medications as add-on to metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus from a real-world database

Additional file 1: Table S1. Descriptive statistics for each drug and dose amount at index date in each cohort. Table S2. Summary of parameter estimates in MMRM with unadjusted analysis. Table S3. Baseline characteristics in each cohort: sensitivity analysis for ≥90 days between index date-1 and index date-2 in combination therapy cohort. Table S4. Descriptive summary of observed HbA1c value at 4 months with unadjusted population who had HbA1c value at 4 months. Figure S1. Plot of MMRM for difference of change from baseline in HbA1c at 4 months between cohorts with unadjusted analysis (a), PSM-adjusted analysis (b) and IPTW-adjusted analysis (c): Sensitivity analysis for patients with ≥90 days between index date-1 and index date-2 in combination therapy cohort