The Study of the Role and Effects of Vocational Education on the Local Economic and Social Development in China

This study examined the relationship between vocational education and the development of regional social economy, as related to the background of the current reform of the vocational and educational system in China. It also reviewed and analyzed the reform of vocational educational systems in six regions in China. In particular, this study investigated the interrelationship between labor force resources, urban and rural vocational education and the development of social economy. The special phenomena accompanying vocational education and the economic development were illustrated. Research explored the importance and impact of vocational education on the economic and social development. From this study, guidelines for the development of vocational education to improve economic conditions in China were found. As disclosed by the analysis, the major problems in the current vocational education reform in China are the hindered mechanism, the insufficient outlay and the shortage of professional teachers. Vocational education, which aims at popularizing and propagating science and technology, hasn\u27t been able to bring new science and technology into the existing specialty and curricula structure in a timely manner. Suitable and corresponding adjustments have not been made. However, after China entered the WTO (World Trade Organization), changes in the industrial structure and the labor market, transformation of the economy and hi-tech and service industry exerted a considerable influence on the development of vocational education in China. From these findings, it can be seen that the development of vocational education in China is closely related to the development of regional economy and society; therefore, it is necessary to study vocational education reform and development and the macroscopic background of the economic development, particularly regional economic development. At the same time, in accordance with the demands of social and economic development, it is also necessary to explore the new growth points in vocational education, especially how to establish life long vocational education institutions in enterprise communities or rural production communities. This study made a layout for the developmental prospects of vocational education in China and pointed out that the most important competition in the future world will be the competition of science and technology, keeping qualified scientists and technicians, and vocational education which trains a great number of technical laborers. While mightily promoting the development of the market economy, China should prepare for the challenge of the globalization of the knowledge economy

The Psychosocial Consequences for Primiparas and Multiparas

The purpose of the study was to differentiate among various postpartum stressors and to compare women's postpartum stress, social support, and mental health status in relation to parity differences. A non-experimental quantitative study with cross-sectional design was carried out. A total of 435 primiparas and 426 multiparas from clinics and hospitals in southern Taiwan were recruited for the study. The Hung Postpartum Stress Scale, the Social Support Scale, and the 12-item Chinese Health Questionnaire were used to compare the postpartum stress, social support, and mental health status of primiparous and multiparous women. Compared with multiparas, the mean scores of primiparas were higher for postpartum stress, concerns about negative body changes, concerns about maternal role attainment, as well as for measures of social support, family support, and friend support. However, multiparas had higher scores than primiparas regarding concerns about lack of social support. The mental health status of the two groups did not differ significantly by parity. The primiparous women and multiparous women experienced unique postpartum stressors. The results suggest that it is important to identify specific postpartum stressors for primiparas and multiparas when providing supportive interventions. Specifically tailored nursing interventions based on differences in parity may help reduce postpartum stress and help prevent the development of more severe mental health problems among postpartum women

Studies of Grain Boundary Structure and Annealing Behavior in Nickel Using Transmission Electron Microscopy (Tem, Dislocation).

Transmission electron microscopy has been used to study grain boundary structure and dislocation reactions in annealed pure nickel sheets. In slightly annealed nickel, the dislocation content and distribution in grain boundaries were found to be random. After annealing at 800(DEGREES)C, a temperature within the recovery and recrystallization stage, the majority of grain boundaries contained periodic arrays of dislocations. The hexagonal dislocation networks with Burgers vectors of the type of a/6 were found in a large number of twin boundaries. The origin and the formation mechanisms of this configuration are discussed. The incorporation of absorbed lattice dislocations in the boundary during annealing was found to occur either by a dissociation reaction or by the dislocation strain field interacting with the pre-existing DSC dislocation networks followed by a rearrangement of their line directions parallel to the pre-existing DSC dislocations. By both mechanisms the long range strain fields of the absorbed lattice dislocations can be reduced. The dislocation structure of several near-coincidence boundaries was characterized in detail including the misorientation axis/angle, the orientation of the boundary plane, the line directions and the Burgers vectors of the grain boundary dislocations. The boundary structure is interpreted by the CSL theory and the DSC model. Fringes parallel to a direction were always observed in the near (SIGMA)3 boundaries with closely spaced hexagonal dislocation networks (\u3c15 nm). The fringes were resulted from the overlap of strain contrast and interference strain contrast and not related to the real boundary structure. The overwhelming majority of the grain boundaries in nickel annealed at 1000(DEGREES)C were coherent twin boundaries. Twin boundary planes were faceted in coincidence orientations such as , , , , or . Atom displacements from their coincidence positions were observed in all non- planes by the displacement fringe technique

Correlación entre la implicación social y la calidad de vida de las personas mayores en China

The global aged population and ratio are increasing remarkably that to thoroughly utilize the retired time and enhance the quality of life of the elderly through social engagement is an issue worth exploring. This study aims to understand the current situations of Social Engagement and Quality of Life of the elderly and the differences in distinct background variables as well as discuss the correlations. With a questionnaire survey, residents in the apartments for the aged in Jiangsu Province are sampled as the research participants. A total of 200 questionnaires are distributed, and 157 valid ones are retrieved, with a retrieval rate of 79%. Each collected questionnaire copy was regarded as a valid sample. The research findings show 1. Partially positive effects of Social Engagement on Physiological Health in Quality of Life of the elderly, 2. Significantly positive effects of Social Engagement on the Psychological Condition in Quality of Life of the elderly, 3. Remarkably positive effects of Social Engagement on Social Relationship in Quality of Life of the elderly, 4. Partially positive effects of Social Engagement on Environment Interaction in Quality of Life of the elderly, and 5. Partially moderating effects of demographic variables on the correlations between Social Engagement and Quality of Life of the elderly.Uno de los temas que merece la pena explorar es el uso del tiempo de jubilación y la mejora de la calidad de vida de los mayores a través de la implicación social dado el notable crecimiento de la ratio global de población anciana. Este estudio trata de entender la situación actual de la implicación social y la calidad de vida de las personas mayores y las diferencias de las distintas variables de fondo, así como la correlación entre ellas. Los participantes en la investigación son residentes de apartamentos para personas mayores de la provincia de Jiangsu a los que se administró un cuestionario. Se distribuyeron 200 cuestionarios, de los que 157 fueron válidos, con una tasa de recuperación del 79%. Cada cuestionario recogido se consideró como una muestra válida. Los hallazgos de esta investigación son los siguientes: 1. Efectos parcialmente positivos de la implicación social en la calidad de la salud fisiológica de los mayores. 2. Efectos positivos significativos de la implicación social en el aspecto psicológico de la calidad de vida de los mayores. 3. Notables efectos positivos de la implicación social en las relaciones sociales relacionadas con la calidad de vida de los mayo¬res. 4. Efectos positivos parciales de la implicación social sobre la calidad de vida de los mayores en relación con la interacción con el. 5. Efectos parcialmente moderados de las variables demográficas en la correlación entre implicación social y calidad de vida de los mayores

Efectos del choque cultural y de la adaptación intercultural sobre la satisfacción con el aprendizaje de los estudiantes de la China continental que estudian en Taiwan

With the national impact of low fertility, the enrollment of higher education in Taiwan is facing a dilemma. To cope with such a problem, the government has actively promoted Mainland China students to study in Taiwan. In addition to enhancing the international competitiveness of domestic universities, cross-strait education, and real academic exchange, it is expected to solve the enrollment shortage of colleges. However, the situations and pressures of Culture Shock, Cross-Cultural Adaptation, and Learning Satisfaction are critical for Mainland China students. Taking Mainland China students who study in Taiwan for more than four months (about a semester) as the research participants, a total of 250 questionnaires were distributed and 167 valid ones were retrieved, with a retrieval rate of 67%. The research findings show significant correlations between Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Culture Shock, Culture Shock and Learning Satisfaction, and Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Learning Satisfaction.Debido al impacto de la baja fertilidad en el país, Taiwán afronta un dilema en relación con la inscripción en la enseñanza superior. Para enfrentarse al problema el gobierno ha promovido activamente que estudiantes de la China continental estudien en Taiwán. Además de incrementar la competitividad internacional de las universidades taiwanesas, la formación a ambos lados del estrecho y un verdadero intercambio académico, se espera que ello solucione la escasez de inscripciones en las facultades. Sin embargo, las situaciones y las presiones que generan el choque cultural, la adaptación multicultural y la satisfacción con el aprendizaje resultan críticas para los estudiantes de la China continental. Tomando como muestra de investigación a estudiantes de la China continental que estudian en Taiwán durante más de cuatro meses (aproximadamente un semestre), se distribuyó un total de 250 cuestionarios, de los cuales 167 fueron válidos, con una tasa de recuperación del 67%. Los resultados de la investigación muestran correlaciones significativas entre la adaptación multicultural y el choque cultural, entre el choque cultural y la satisfacción con el aprendizaje y entre la adaptación multicultural y la satisfacción con el aprendizaje

A simple fractional-calculus approach to the solutions of the Bessel differential equation of general order and some of its applications

AbstractIn many recent works, several authors demonstrated the usefulness of fractional calculus operators in the derivation of (explicit) particular solutions of a significantly large number of linear ordinary and partial differential equations of the second and higher orders. The main object of the present paper is to show how this simple fractional-calculus approach to the solutions of the classical Bessel differential equation of general order would lead naturally to several interesting consequences which include (for example) an alternative investigation of the power-series solutions obtainable usually by the Frobenius method. The methodology presented here is based largely upon some of the general theorems on (explicit) particular solutions of a certain family of linear ordinary fractional differintegral equations

JOINT MOBILIZATION CHANGES ACTIVATIONS IN GLUTEUS AND VASTI MUSCLES DURING FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITIES IN PEOPLE WITHOUT AND WITH PATELLOFEMORAL PAIN SYNDROME

We aimed to examine whether patellofemoral joint mobilization altered the activation in vasti and gluteus muscles in people with and without PFPS during functional activities. A total of 40 young collegiate students with and without PFPS were recruited. After the intervention of patellofemoral joint mobilization, there were significant earlier activations of vasti muscles and delayed activation of gluteus muscles such as heel rise, step up and down and drop landing in people with PFPS compared to that of healthy controls (