Etude Ecologique Et Entomologique Des Culicides Larvaires Des Gites De La Province De Kenitra (Maroc)

Mosquitoes are considered the source of nuisances and used as vectors of major pathogens for humans and animals. Despite the existence of many ways of control, supervising their populations remains a challenge forced by a delicate knowledge of their dynamics in space and time. Hence the need to conduct an entomological and ecological study of breeding sites in the province of Kenitra in order to acheive an inventory of culicidiennes species collected at eight stations of surface water with the measurement of physical-chemical parameters of these waters during several month from April to June 2012. The results revealed the presence of two species of mosquitoes, the Anopheles labranchiae and the Culex pipiens. The first type has a very low density at three stations, while the second one has a very high density in five stations. Furthermore, concentrations and measured values of the physico-chemical parameters allowed to highlight a correlation between the quality of waterin the stations and dynamics of mosquitoes. Thus, the Anopheles attend frequently the well-oxygenated and unpolluted stations (O2 between 2,53 and 3,65 mg/l; BOD5 between 3 and 15 mg/l) against the Culex (O2 between 3,85 and 8,12mg/l, BOD5 between 10 and 100 mg/ l)

Biodiversity and distribution of larvae of the genus Culex (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Gharb Region: Case of the Province of Sidi Slimane, Morocco

Mosquitoes play an important role in the transmission of many diseases as vectors of several pathogens: viral, parasitic, etc. which cause health problems to humans and even animals. The analysis of the specific composition of Culicidae in the different larval sites of the province of Sidi Slimane shows first of all that each habitat has a particular faunistic characteristic. Indeed, six species of the Culicinae family were inventoried during the 2018 hydrological cycle in the different larval sites surveyed: Culex pipiens, Culex hortensis, Culex theileri, Culex modestus, Culex brempti, Culex laticinctus. The geographical distribution of these species differs according to the requirements of each species. The physico-chemical, pedological, faunistic, floristic… etc. parameters of each environment play an important role in the biodiversity of this fauna, which explains the differences in specific richness of each larval biotope

Study of the Physico-Chemical and Microbiological Quality of Water from River Innaouene, Taza Province, Morocco

In recent decades, the province of Taza has undergone extensive agricultural modernization, marked by an increase in industrial units such as modern oil mills and olive canneries. At the same time, rapid population growth has exacerbated an important problem, the deterioration of the quality of water resources in limited quantities. This study explores the heart of matter by meticulously sampling physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters at eight strategically chosen sites. Conducted in late July 2021, the survey focuses on the surface waters of the Innaouene River, providing a timely and insightful examination of the complex dynamics of water quality in the context of modernization and demographic change. This work focused on the determination of physicochemical and microbiological parameters of water. The results of the analyses show that this river is subject to multiple constraints and reaches its tolerance level on most of its sections. A multivariate statistical approach: principal component analysis (PCA) has shown that water pollution in the Innaouene River is mainly related to untreated wastewater discharges into streams. Water quality is considered bad to very bad. Therefore, ecological and health impacts can occur

Two Sinorhizobium meliloti glutaredoxins regulate iron metabolism and symbiotic bacteroid differentiation

International audienceLegumes interact symbiotically with bacteria of the Rhizobiaceae to form nitrogen-fixing root nodules. We investigated the contribution of the three glutaredoxin (Grx)-encoding genes present in the Sinorhizobium meliloti genome to this symbiosis. SmGRX1 (CGYC active site) and SmGRX3 (CPYG) recombinant proteins displayed deglutathionylation activity in the 2-hydroethyldisulfide assay, whereas SmGRX2 (CGFS) did not. Mutation of SmGRX3 did not affect S. meliloti growth or symbiotic capacities. In contrast, SmGRX1 and SmGRX2 mutations decreased the growth of free-living bacteria and the nitrogen fixation capacity of bacteroids. Mutation of SmGRX1 led to nodule abortion and an absence of bacteroid differentiation, whereas SmGRX2 mutation decreased nodule development without modifying bacteroid development. The higher sensitivity of the Smgrx1 mutant strain as compared with wild-type strain to oxidative stress was associated with larger amounts of glutathionylated proteins. The Smgrx2 mutant strain displayed significantly lower levels of activity than the wild type for two iron-sulfur-containing enzymes, aconitase and succinate dehydrogenase. This lower level of activity could be associated with deregulation of the transcriptional activity of the RirA iron regulator and higher intracellular iron content. Thus, two S. meliloti Grx proteins are essential for symbiotic nitrogen fixation, playing independent roles in bacterial differentiation and the regulation of iron metabolism

with myocardial infarction in a sample of central

Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) is a major clinical problem because of its large contribution to mortality. The genetic bases of this disease have been widely studied in recent years to find a clear association with some genetic markers that increase the risk of its occurrence. In the present investigation, the correlation between MI and the C3 complement polymorphism was analyzed using a case–control study. Methods: Our study ported on one hundred seventy survived myocardial infarction patients and ninety five healthy controls. The C3 allele identification was investigated using the amplification refractory mutation system PCR to determine the C3*S and the C3*F alleles of the C3 polymorphism. Results: Frequencies of C3*S and C3*F in patients are 0.59 and 0.41 respectively. Fisher test results showed a significant increase of C3*F allele in the sample of patients (0.41; odds ratio: 2.616; C.I [1.738-3.938]) compared to controls (0.21; odds ratio: 0.382; 95 % CI [0.254-0.575]), p = 2.742 × 10-6. Conclusion: A strong positive correlation was found between C3 polymorphism and MI estimating that the risk of myocardial infarction is significantly increased among patients with C3*F allele of this polymorphism. Virtual Slides: The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here

The evaluation of off-loading using a new removable oRTHOsis in DIABetic foot (ORTHODIAB) randomized controlled trial: study design and rationale

International audienceBACKGROUND:Off-loading is essential for diabetic foot management, but remains understudied. The evaluation of Off-loading using a new removable oRTHOsis in DIABetic foot (ORTHODIAB) trial aims to evaluate the efficacy of a new removable device "Orthèse Diabète" in the healing of diabetic foot.METHODS/DESIGN:ORTHODIAB is a French multi-centre randomized, open label trial, with a blinded end points evaluation by an adjudication committee according to the Prospective Randomized Open Blinded End-point. Main endpoints are adjudicated based on the analysis of diabetic foot photographs. Orthèse Diabète is a new removable off-loading orthosis (PROTEOR, France) allowing innovative functions including real-time evaluation of off-loading and estimation of patients' adherence. Diabetic patients with neuropathic plantar ulcer or amputation wounds (toes or transmetatarsal) are assigned to one of 2 parallel-groups: Orthèse Diabète or control group (any removable device) according to a central computer-based randomization. Study visits are scheduled for 6 months (days D7 and D14, and months M1, M2, M3, and M6). The primary endpoint is the proportion of patients whose principal ulcer is healed at M3. Secondary endpoints are: the proportion of patients whose principal ulcer is healed at M1, M2 and M6; the proportion of patients whose initial ulcers are all healed at M1, M2, M3, and M6; principal ulcer area reduction; time-related ulcer-free survival; development of new ulcers; new lower-extremity amputation; infectious complications; off-loading adherence; and patient satisfaction. The study protocol was approved by the French National Agency for Medicines and Health Products Safety, and by the ethics committee of Saint-Louis Hospital (Paris). Comprehensive study information including a Patient Information Sheet has been provided to each patient who must give written informed consent before enrolment. Monitoring, data management, and statistical analyses are providing by UMANIS Life Science (Paris), independently to the sponsor. Since 27/10/2013, 13 centres have agreed to participate in this study, 117 participants were included, and 70 have achieved the study schedules. The study completion is expected for the end of 2016, and the main results will be published in 2017.CONCLUSION:ORTHODIAB trial evaluates an innovating removable off-loading device, seeking to improve diabetic foot healing (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01956162)

Comparison of a new versus standard removable offloading device in patients with neuropathic diabetic foot ulcers: a French national, multicentre, open-label randomized, controlled trial

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