Living with Patents: Insights from Patent Misuse

The Author argues that the patent misuse doctrine should be eliminated. Created almost a century ago as a response to patent power, it has now not only outlived its purpose but causes affirmative harm. Other more nuanced approaches, including antitrust law, produce superior results. Although the Federal Circuit has contained the doctrine, it cannot overrule Supreme Court misuse precedent. Accordingly, the Court should abolish the doctrine at the earliest opportunity or, failing prompt action, Congress should add the matter to its ongoing patent reform agenda. The misuse experience also provides valuable insights regarding how we can appropriately live with our patent regime. It clarifies that the instinct to punish patent owners whenever their actions cause discomfort will only serendipitously produce a desirable outcome. Instead we must first confirm the complaint reflects a legitimate policy concern, either improper implementation or disagreement with the goals we have set for patent law and then, ensuring not to conflate the former with the latter, make the related adjustments

High Altitude Small Engine Test Techniques at the NASA Glenn Propulsion Systems Lab

A High Altitude Test was performed in the Propulsion Systems Lab (PSL) at the NASA Glenn Research Center using a Pratt and Whitney Canada PW545 jet engine. This engine was tested to develop a highaltitude database on small, high-bypass ratio, engine performance and operability. Industry is interested in the use of high-bypass engines for Uninhabited Aerial Vehicles (UAV's) to perform high altitude surveillance. The tests were a combined effort between Pratt & Whitney Canada (PWC) and NASA Glenn Research Center. A large portion of this test activity was to collect performance data with a highly instrumented low-pressure turbine. Low-pressure turbine aerodynamic performance at low Reynolds numbers was collected and compared to analytical models developed by NASA and PWC. This report describes the test techniques implemented to obtain high accuracy turbine performance data in an altitude test facility, including high accuracy airflow at high altitudes, very low mass flow, and low air temperatures. Major accomplishments from this test activity were to collect accurate and repeatable turbine performance data at high altitudes to within 1 percent. Data were collected at 19,800m, 16,750m, and 13,700m providing documentation of diminishing LPT performance with reductions in Reynolds number in an actual engine flight environment. The test provided a unique database for the development of engine analysis codes to be used for future LPT performance improvements

The soft side of environmentallysustainable organizations

Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to present a discussion on the “soft and human” side of building environmentally sustainable organizations, a flourishing management subfield called “green human resource management” (GHRM), which concerns alignment of people and environmental management objectives of organizations. Design/methodology/approach – The authors reviewed some of the most relevant research results in GHRM. Findings – In this paper, the authors define GHRM, its workplace-based practices and some recent developments’ evidence on the positive impact of it on firms’ ecological objectives. The authors conclude by detailing a new research agenda in GHRM. Originality/value – The authors conclude by detailing a new and contemporary research agenda in GHRM

Non-leading Logarithms in Principal Value Resummation

We apply the method of principal value resummation of large momentum-dependent radiative corrections to the calculation of the Drell Yan cross section. We sum all next-to-leading logarithms and provide numerical results for the resummed exponent and the corresponding hard scattering function.Comment: 22 pages (LaTeX), 5 figures not included; available upon request from [email protected], ANL-HEP-PR-94-25, ITP-SB-94-3

Eco-innovación y cooperación tecnológica en industrias de procesamiento de yuca: modelos de ecuaciones estructurales

A gerac¸ão de riqueza,sustentada pelas atividades produtivas das agroindústrias, leva à produção de resíduos e utiliza osrecursos naturais, interferindo no pilar ambiental da sustentabilidade. O objetivo deste estudo é investigar se as empresas processadoras de mandioca geram ecoinovações por meio de cooperação tecnológica e o grau de participação dos agentes nessas interações. O método quantitativo, utilizou-se da Modelagem de Equações Estruturais para análise de dados. Os resultados indicaram uma relação entre a cooperação tecnológica e a geração de ecoinovação. O modelo desenvolvido mostrou a significância entre variáveis e expôs os principais aspectos que promovem a ecoinovação a partir da cooperação O projeto de cooperação permitiu a redução na queima de combustíveis fósseis, a redução na emissão de gás metano que agrava o efeito estufa, a redução do odor e, finalmente, proporcionou ganhos financeiros para o agronegócioThe generation of wealth, sustained by productive activities of agro-industries, leads to the production of wastes and uses natural resources, interfering in the environmental pillar of sustainability. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether cassava processing companies generate eco-innovations by means of technological cooperation, and the degree of participation of agents in these interactions. The quantitative method used the structural equation modeling for data analyses. The results indicated a relationship between technological cooperation and the generation of eco-innovation. The model developed showed the significance between variables and exposed the main aspects that generate eco-innovation from technological cooperation. A cooperation process allows a reduction in the burning of fossil fuels, reducing the emission of methane gas, which aggravates the greenhouse effect, also reducing odor, and ultimately, providing financial gains to agribusinessLa generación de riqueza, oriunda de las actividades productivas de la agroindustria, conduce a la producción de residuos y el uso de los recursos naturales, lo que interfiere con el pilar medioambiental de la sostenibilidad. El objetivo en este estudio es investigar si las empresas procesadoras de yuca producen eco-innovaciones por medio de la cooperación tecnológica y el grado de participación de los agentes en estas interacciones. Se utilizó el método cuantitativo, por medio de modelos de ecuaciones estructurales, para el análisis de datos. Los resultados indicaron una relación entre la cooperación tecnológica y la creación de eco-innovación. El modelo desarrollado mostró significancia entre variables y delineó los principales aspectos que promueven la eco-innovación a partir de la cooperación. El proyecto de cooperación permite la reducción de la quema de combustibles fósiles; la reducción en la emisión de gas metano que agrava el efecto invernadero; la reducción del olor y, finalmente, proporciona ganancias financieras para la agroindustri

Student understanding of rotational and rolling motion concepts

We investigated the common difficulties that students have with concepts related to rotational and rolling motion covered in the introductory physics courses. We compared the performance of calculus- and algebra-based introductory physics students with physics juniors who had learned rotational and rolling motion concepts in an intermediate level mechanics course. Interviews were conducted with six physics juniors and ten introductory students using demonstration-based tasks. We also administered free-response and multiple-choice questions to a large number of students enrolled in introductory physics courses, and interviewed six additional introductory students on the test questions (during the test design phase). All students showed similar difficulties regardless of their background, and higher mathematical sophistication did not seem to help acquire a deeper understanding. We found that some difficulties were due to related difficulties with linear motion, while others were tied specifically to the more intricate nature of rotational and rolling motion.Comment: 23 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables; it includes a multiple-choice test (in Appendix B

Circular business models and the environment: maturity levels of the circular economy and innovation in greener craft breweries

This article aims to highlight the level of maturity of the circular economy according to the ReSOLVE framework, the level of maturity of technical and biological cycles, and the level of maturity of sustaining and disruptive innovation in Brazilian and Portuguese craft brewing companies. Through a multiple case study in the craft brewery sector in the state of Santa Catarina (Brazil) and in the city of Porto (Portugal), a qualitative study was developed by means of a documentary analysis of secondary data, technical visits, and application of on-site interviews with 11 Brazilian and 11 Portuguese companies. The results indicate that (I) Brazilian and Portuguese companies are at different maturity levels concerning the circular economy, according to the ReSOLVE framework; (II) the maturity levels of the technical and biological cycles can be identified in the recycling practices of both cases, with the 11 Portuguese companies operating at the optimized level while the Brazilian compa nies are moving toward optimization; and (III) regarding innovation maturity levels, sustaining innovation is incorporated and optimized in these 22 companies. Concern ing disruptive innovations, the results show that Brazilian and Portuguese companies are at different stages. This study contributes to theory by linking circular economy constructs and innovation and introducing gastronomy as a new link between these constructs. For practitioners, it highlights the stages of maturity and practical actions that can guide the improvement of maturity levels. In terms of limitations, we cite the geography and population of the countries and states addressed, the pandemic, differing production volume between companies, and the scope of the businesses. We suggest that future studies replicate or expand the sample to other geographic regions, as well as apply the framework to other business segments.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Effects of a Combined Aquatic Exercise and Walking in Sedentary Obese Females Undergoing a Behavioral Weight-Loss Intervention

Background: The effects of the non-weight bearing method of aquatic exercise as a modality for weight loss have not been established. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a combined aquatic exercise and walking program compared to walking alone on body weight and selected variables in obese females undergoing a 16-week Standard Behavioral Treatment (SBT) program. Methods: Forty-four obese (BMI 34.9 ± 3.8 kg·m2) sedentary women (age=40.3 years ± 6.8 yrs) were randomly assigned to either an aquatic exercise (AE) group or a traditional walking (W) exercise only group. Both groups were also required to complete 3 sessions of home based walking per week, and reduce energy intake to facilitate weight loss. Results: In the AE group, total body weight, cardiorespiratory fitness, flexibility, strength, and health-related quality of life outcomes significantly improved over time similar to the W group. Significantly greater enjoyment scores also occurred in the AE group. Conclusion: Aquatic exercise in combination with walking can serve as an alternative to walking exercise alone for overweight women during periods of weight loss, and this can improve functional health status