A case of partial leucism in the American Barn Owl (Tyto furcata) (Temminck, 1827), from Buenos Aires province, Argentina

The diverse colorations of a birds’ plumage are due to either structural colors or pigments that are synthesized in specialized cells or incorporated through the diet. However, plumage color aberrations can occur; several cases of albinism and leucism have been reported for different bird species and some examples correspond to Strigiformes. A specimen of the American barn owl (Tyto furcata) with partial leucism was found in Carhué, Buenos Aires province. The plumage of its facial disc, tail and the ventral region was completely white; furthermore, the neck, and the primary and secondary remiges were pigmented although in a significantly lighter fashion than in normal-phenotype specimens. The rest of the body presented a normal pattern for the species.Fil: Chiale, Maria Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Departamento Científico Zoología Vertebrados; ArgentinaFil: Pagano Luis Gerardo. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Departamento Científico Zoología Vertebrados; Argentina. Grupo Falco; Argentin

The relationship between the feather tuft of the uropygial gland and terrestrial/aquatic birds

The bird´s uropygial gland has a papilla in its caudal end and it can also show a feather tuft. These feathers may have a raquis or not. The purpose of our study was to compare the number, dimensions and types of the tuft´s feathers in aquatic and terrestrial birds, as well as to investigate whether the potential differences are related or determined by their dissimilar habitats. The uropygial glands were removed and the tuft´s feathers were extracted and then measured, prepared for magnifying glass observation and photo shoot. Aquatic birds were found to have not only a larger number of feathers in the tuft but also longer feathers than terrestrial birds. However, the length ratio between calamus/raquis was higher in terrestrial birds. Almost all the species under study presented the same type of feathers except for the three penguin species that showed a peculiar type. The differences found between the tuft´s feathers of the studied species are related with the environment. Aquatic birds have a longer length of the feather tuft because they may produce a greater amount of secretion than terrestrial birds.Fil: Chiale, Maria Cecilia. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Zoología de Vertebrados; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Montalti, Diego. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Zoología de Vertebrados; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Criterios para determinar la edad de pollos de Flamenco Austral (Phoenicopterus chilensis) en cautiverio basadas en características del plumaje

Many aspects of the breeding biology of the Chilean Flamingo (Phoenicopterus chilensis) are still unknown. We studied captive breeding Chilean Flamingos at La Plata Zoo, Buenos Aires, Argentina between February and July 2014 to document chick‐aging methods based on molt and coloration of bare parts, such as beak and legs. The development of young was divided in three age categories: 1. Chick (less than 15 days old), with white down and salmonpink beak and red coral legs. 2. Pre‐juvenile (1?3 months old), birds covered with gray down (due to a combination of a double down coat) and when the white down falls, a brownish down coat is more evident. In this stage, the beak had darkened and the legs turned dark gray. 3. The last category is the juvenile (4?5 months old), characterized by the presence of vaned feathers, dorsal feathers are pale brown with a dark raquis, underparts are white and inner coverts have a pale‐salmon coloration; the beak is curved and has a blueish base with a charcoal gray tip and legs are pale gray. The information presented in this study may help to age young Chilean Flamingos in the wild.Fil: Chiale, Maria Cecilia. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Ciencias Básicas. Cátedra de Histología y Embriología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Montalti, Diego. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Zoología de Vertebrados. Sección Ornitología; ArgentinaFil: Maragliano, María Graciela. Instituto de Formación Docente y Técnica N° 35; Argentin

The relationship between the feather tuft of the uropygial gland and terrestrial/aquatic birds

The bird´s uropygial gland has a papilla in its caudal end and it can also show a feather tuft. These feathers may have a raquis or not. The purpose of our study was to compare the number, dimensions and types of the tuft´s feathers in aquatic and terrestrial birds, as well as to investigate whether the potential differences are related or determined by their dissimilar habitats. The uropygial glands were removed and the tuft´s feathers were extracted and then measured, prepared for magnifying glass observation and photo shoot. Aquatic birds were found to have not only a larger number of feathers in the tuft but also longer feathers than terrestrial birds. However, the length ratio between calamus/raquis was higher in terrestrial birds. Almost all the species under study presented the same type of feathers except for the three penguin species that showed a peculiar type. The differences found between the tuft´s feathers of the studied species are related with the environment. Aquatic birds have a longer length of the feather tuft because they may produce a greater amount of secretion than terrestrial birds.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

A case of partial leucism in the American Barn Owl (Tyto furcata) (Temminck, 1827), from Buenos Aires province, Argentina

The diverse colorations of a birds’ plumage are due to either structural colors or pigments that are synthesized in specialized cells or incorporated through the diet. However, plumage color aberrations can occur; several cases of albinism and leucism have been reported for different bird species and some examples correspond to Strigiformes. A specimen of the American barn owl (Tyto furcata) with partial leucism was found in Carhué, Buenos Aires province. The plumage of its facial disc, tail and the ventral region was completely white; furthermore, the neck, and the primary and secondary remiges were pigmented although in a significantly lighter fashion than in normal-phenotype specimens. The rest of the body presented a normal pattern for the species.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

A case of partial leucism in the American Barn Owl (Tyto furcata) (Temminck, 1827), from Buenos Aires province, Argentina

The diverse colorations of a birds’ plumage are due to either structural colors or pigments that are synthesized in specialized cells or incorporated through the diet. However, plumage color aberrations can occur; several cases of albinism and leucism have been reported for different bird species and some examples correspond to Strigiformes. A specimen of the American barn owl (Tyto furcata) with partial leucism was found in Carhué, Buenos Aires province. The plumage of its facial disc, tail and the ventral region was completely white; furthermore, the neck, and the primary and secondary remiges were pigmented although in a significantly lighter fashion than in normal-phenotype specimens. The rest of the body presented a normal pattern for the species.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

A case of partial leucism in the American Barn Owl (Tyto furcata) (Temminck, 1827), from Buenos Aires province, Argentina

The diverse colorations of a birds’ plumage are due to either structural colors or pigments that are synthesized in specialized cells or incorporated through the diet. However, plumage color aberrations can occur; several cases of albinism and leucism have been reported for different bird species and some examples correspond to Strigiformes. A specimen of the American barn owl (Tyto furcata) with partial leucism was found in Carhué, Buenos Aires province. The plumage of its facial disc, tail and the ventral region was completely white; furthermore, the neck, and the primary and secondary remiges were pigmented although in a significantly lighter fashion than in normal-phenotype specimens. The rest of the body presented a normal pattern for the species.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

AGE DETERMINATION OF CAPTIVE CHILEAN FLAMINGO (PHOENICOPTERUS CHILENSIS) CHICKS BASED ON PLUMAGE CHARACTERISTICS

Abstract ∙ Many aspects of the breeding biology of the Chilean Flamingo (Phoenicopterus chilensis) are still unknown. We studied captive breeding Chilean Flamingos at La Plata Zoo, Buenos Aires, Argentina between February and July 2014 to document chick‐aging methods based on molt and coloration of bare parts, such as beak and legs. The development of young was divided in three age categories: 1. Chick (less than 15 days old), with white down and salmon‐ pink beak and red coral legs. 2. Pre‐juvenile (1–3 months old), birds covered with gray down (due to a combination of a double down coat) and when the white down falls, a brownish down coat is more evident. In this stage, the beak had darkened and the legs turned dark gray. 3. The last category is the juvenile (4–5 months old), characterized by the presence of vaned feathers, dorsal feathers are pale brown with a dark raquis, underparts are white and inner coverts have a pale‐salmon coloration; the beak is curved and has a blueish base with a charcoal gray tip and legs are pale gray. The information presented in this study may help to age young Chilean Flamingos in the wild.Resumen ∙ Criterios para determinar la edad de pollos de Flamenco Austral (Phoenicopterus chilensis) en cautiverio basadas en características del plumaje Varios aspectos de la biología reproductiva del Flamenco Austral (Phoenicopterus chilensis) son aún desconocidos. Estudiamos una colonia en cautiverio de Flamencos Australes pertenecientes al Zoológico de La Plata; Buenos Aires, Argentina entre febrero y julio de 2014 para obtener criterios para determinar la edad de los pollos basados en la coloración del plumaje y de las partes desnudas, como pico y patas. El desarrollo de los pollos se dividió en tres categorías: 1. Pollo (menos de 15 días de edad), cubiertos por plumón blanco, pico de color salmón‐rosado y patas rojo coral. 2. Pre‐juvenil (1–3 meses), cubiertos por plumón gris (debido a la combinación de una doble capa de plumón). A medida que el desarrollo avanzó, el plumón blanco se perdió y el plumón de color pardo se hizo más evidente. En este estadio, el pico se oscureció y las patas se tornaron de color gris oscuro. 3. La última categoría, el juvenil (4–5 meses), se caracterizó por la presencia de plumas, las plumas dorsales son de color marrón pálido con un raquis oscuro, las plumas ventrales son blancas y las coberteras inferiores son salmón pálidas. El pico es curvo y tiene una base azulada con la punta gris y las patas tienen una coloración gris pálida. La información presentada en este trabajo provee ayuda para categorizar a los jóvenes de esta especie y puede ser de utilidad en estudios demográficos

Glycans from Fasciola hepatica modulate the host immune response and TLR-Induced maturation of dendritic cells

Helminths express various carbohydrate-containing glycoconjugates on their surface, and they release glycan-rich excretion/secretion products that can be very important in their life cycles, infection and pathology. Recent evidence suggests that parasite glycoconjugates could play a role in the evasion of the immune response, leading to a modified Th2-polarized immune response that favors parasite survival in the host. Nevertheless, there is limited information about the nature or function of glycans produced by the trematode Fasciola hepatica, the causative agent of fasciolosis. In this paper, we investigate whether glycosylated molecules from F. hepatica participate in the modulation of host immunity. We also focus on dendritic cells, since they are an important target of immune-modulation by helminths, affecting their activity or function. Our results indicate that glycans from F. hepatica promote the production of IL-4 and IL-10, suppressing IFNγ production. During infection, this parasite is able to induce a semi-mature phenotype of DCs expressing low levels of MHCII and secrete IL-10. Furthermore, we show that parasite glycoconjugates mediate the modulation of LPS-induced maturation of DCs since their oxidation restores the capacity of LPS-treated DCs to secrete high levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-12/23p40 and low levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Inhibition assays using carbohydrates suggest that the immune-modulation is mediated, at least in part, by the recognition of a mannose specific-CLR that signals by recruiting the phosphatase Php2. The results presented here contribute to the understanding of the role of parasite glycosylated molecules in the modulation of the host immunity and might be useful in the design of vaccines against fasciolosis.Fil: Rodriguez, Ernesto. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Noya, Verónica. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Cervi, Laura Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología; ArgentinaFil: Chiribao, Maria Laura. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Brossard, Natalie. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Chiale, Carolina. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Carmona, Carlos. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Giacomini, Cecilia. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Freire, Teresa. Universidad de la República; Urugua

La glándula uropigia de aves de distintos ambientes: su estructura y función

La glándula uropigia de las aves es un órgano sebáceo compacto ubicado dorsalmente sobre las últimas vértebras caudales. Es muy variable en cuanto a su forma y tamaño pero, generalmente, está formada por dos lóbulos y en su extremo caudal posee una papila; en ésta última región se encuentran los poros excretores que suelen ser dos en la mayoría de las aves, pero en algunos casos se observó que éste número puede ser mayor. También es posible encontrar un pincel de plumas rodeando los poros excretores. El tamaño relativo de la glándula uropigia varía considerablemente entre especies; se afirma que las aves acuáticas poseen un tamaño glandular relativo mayor que las aves terrestres. A nivel histológico, la glándula uropigia está compuesta por adenómeros donde se produce la secreción, y cavidades de varios tamaños que cumplen la función de almacenamiento de la secreción uropigial; está rodeada por una cápsula de tejido conectivo denso y el parénquima de la glándula está formado por adenómeros tubulares, el epitelio de los adenómeros es estratificado. La secreción uropigial consiste en una mezcla de fragmentos celulares, láminas córneas y sebo producido por las células secretoras de los adenómeros. La glándula uropigia es una fuente única de producción de monoesteres de cera y otros compuestos lipídicos inusuales y sus funciones incluyen mantenimiento del plumaje, acciones fungicidas y antibacterianas, como órgano productor de feromonas y como cosmético entre otras. El presente trabajo evalúa el tamaño glandular relativo, el desarrollo del pincel de plumas, las características histológicas, histoquímicas y la composición lipídica de la secreción uropigial en aves de distintos ambientes. En las aves acuáticas se encontraron los valores de masas glandulares absolutas más grandes y una notable alometría negativa con respecto al tamaño glandular relativo entre las aves de distintos ambientes. Aquellas aves vinculadas a un ambiente acuático también poseen un mayor tamaño glandular relativo y un pincel de plumas más desarrollado que las aves terrestres. La histología de la glándula uropigia es similar en todas las aves estudiadas (glándula rodeada por una cápsula de tejido conectivo denso, adenómeros tubulares con epitelio estratificado formado por estratos basal, intermedio, secretor y degenerativo). La diferencia más notable es la presencia de una cámara primaria de almacenamiento en aves terrestres y en aquellas especies con menor grado de contacto con el agua (petreles de las tormentas). Las técnicas histoquímicas y lectin-histoquímica reflejan que la composición uropigial posee diferentes compuestos glicosilados. También fue posible determinar que los compuestos predominantes en la composición química de la secreción uropigial son las ceras, tanto en aves acuáticas como en terrestres. El mayor tamaño glandular relativo, la ausencia de cámara primaria y el mayor desarrollo del pincel de plumas en aves acuáticas podría asociarse a un uso diferencial de la glándula ya que es probable que las aves acuáticas requieran un mayor aporte de secreción y una liberación más continuada para mantener el plumaje en condiciones. Los compuestos glicosilados junto con las ceras pueden estar asociados a la función antimicrobiana de la glándula uropigia y están presentes (en mayor o menor medida) tanto en aves acuáticas como terrestres, por lo que esta función sería similar independientemente del ambiente.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse