2,695 research outputs found
Kaluza-Klein Dark Matter
We propose that cold dark matter is made of Kaluza-Klein particles and
explore avenues for its detection. The lightest Kaluza-Klein state is an
excellent dark matter candidate if standard model particles propagate in extra
dimensions and Kaluza-Klein parity is conserved. We consider Kaluza-Klein gauge
bosons. In sharp contrast to the case of supersymmetric dark matter, these
annihilate to hard positrons, neutrinos and photons with unsuppressed rates.
Direct detection signals are also promising. These conclusions are generic to
bosonic dark matter candidates.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, discussion of spin-independent cross section
clarified, references added, published versio
CP Violation from Slepton Oscillations at the LHC and NLC
In supersymmetric theories the charged sleptons of different generations may
oscillate amongst themselves while they decay. In the case of three generation
oscillations, superpartner production at the LHC and NLC may lead to an
observable -violating signal . This signal is
proportional to a -violating invariant of the slepton mass matrix,
, which is not constrained by searches for the electric dipole
moment of the electron. The sensitivity of the LHC and NLC to this signal is
highly dependent on superpartner masses, but may be probed to a
level of . Observation of the -violating signal would imply a
definite structure for the slepton mass matrices and have strong implications
for models of flavor and SUSY breaking.Comment: 37 pages, REVTeX, 7 figure
Probing Lepton Flavor Violation at Future Colliders
Supersymmetric theories with significant lepton flavor violation have
and nearly degenerate. In this case, pair production
of and at LEPII and at
the Next Linear Collider leads to the phenomenon of slepton oscillations, which
is analogous to neutrino oscillations. The reach in and gives a probe of lepton flavor violation which is significantly more
powerful than the current bounds from rare processes, such as . Polarizable beams and the mode at the NLC are found to
be promising options.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, RevTeX, minor corrections, published versio
Doping and temperature dependence of electron spectrum and quasiparticle dispersion in doped bilayer cuprates
Within the t-t'-J model, the electron spectrum and quasiparticle dispersion
in doped bilayer cuprates in the normal state are discussed by considering the
bilayer interaction. It is shown that the bilayer interaction splits the
electron spectrum of doped bilayer cuprates into the bonding and antibonding
components around the point. The differentiation between the bonding
and antibonding components is essential, which leads to two main flat bands
around the point below the Fermi energy. In analogy to the doped
single layer cuprates, the lowest energy states in doped bilayer cuprates are
located at the point. Our results also show that the striking
behavior of the electronic structure in doped bilayer cuprates is intriguingly
related to the bilayer interaction together with strong coupling between the
electron quasiparticles and collective magnetic excitations.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures, updated references, added figures and
discussions, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
Precambrian Animal Life: Probable Developmental and Adult Cnidarian Forms from Southwest China
The evolutionary divergence of cnidarian and bilaterian lineages from their remote metazoan ancestor occurred at an unknown depth in time before the Cambrian, since crown group representatives of each are found in Lower Cambrian fossil assemblages. We report here a variety of putative embryonic, larval, and adult microfossils deriving from Precambrian phosphorite deposits of Southwest China, which may predate the Cambrian radiation by 25–45 million years. These are most probably of cnidarian affinity. Large numbers of fossilized early planula-like larvae were observed under the microscope in sections. Though several forms are represented, the majority display remarkable conformity, which is inconsistent with the alternative that they are artifactual mineral inclusions. Some of these fossils are preserved in such high resolution that individual cells can be discerned. We confirm in detail an earlier report of the presence in the same deposits of tabulates, an extinct crown group anthozoan form. Other sections reveal structures that most closely resemble sections of basal modern corals. A large number of fossils similar to modern hydrozoan gastrulae were also observed. These again displayed great morphological consistency. Though only a single example is available, a microscopic animal remarkably similar to a modern adult hydrozoan is also presented. Taken together, the new observations reported in this paper indicate the existence of a diverse and already differentiated cnidarian fauna, long before the Cambrian evolutionary event. It follows that at least stem group bilaterians must also have been present at this time
The \u3cem\u3eSOX9\u3c/em\u3e upstream region prone to chromosomal aberrations causing campomelic dysplasia contains multiple cartilage enhancers
Two decades after the discovery that heterozygous mutations within and around SOX9 cause campomelic dysplasia, a generalized skeleton malformation syndrome, it is well established that SOX9 is a master transcription factor in chondrocytes. In contrast, the mechanisms whereby translocations in the –350/–50-kb region 5 of SOX9 cause severe disease and whereby SOX9 expression is specified in chondrocytes remain scarcely known. We here screen this upstream region and uncover multiple enhancers that activate Sox9-promoter transgenes in the SOX9 expression domain. Three of them are primarily active in chondrocytes. E250 (located at – 250 kb) confines its activity to condensed prechondrocytes, E195 mainly targets proliferating chondrocytes, and E84 is potent in all differentiated chondrocytes. E84 and E195 synergize with E70, previously shown to be active in most Sox9-expressing somatic tissues, including cartilage. While SOX9 protein powerfully activates E70, it does not control E250. It requires its SOX5/SOX6 chondrogenic partners to robustly activate E195 and additional factors to activate E84. Altogether, these results indicate that SOX9 expression in chondrocytes relies on widely spread transcriptional modules whose synergistic and overlapping activities are driven by SOX9, SOX5/SOX6 and other factors. They help elucidate mechanisms underlying campomelic dysplasia and will likely help uncover other disease mechanisms
Signatures of multi-TeV scale particles in supersymmetric theories
Supersymmetric particles at the multi-TeV scale will escape direct detection
at planned future colliders. However, such particles induce non-decoupling
corrections in processes involving the accessible superparticles through
violations of the supersymmetric equivalence between gauge boson and gaugino
couplings. In a previous study, we parametrized these violations in terms of
super-oblique parameters and found significant deviations in well-motivated
models. Here, we systematically classify the possible experimental probes of
such deviations, and present detailed investigations of representative
observables available at a future linear collider. In some scenarios, the
option and adjustable beam energy are exploited to achieve high
precision. It is shown that precision measurements are possible for each of the
three coupling relations, leading to significant bounds on the masses and
properties of heavy superparticles and possible exotic sectors.Comment: 37 pages including 17 figures, REVTe
The nucleolar protein NIFK promotes cancer progression via CK1α/β-catenin in metastasis and Ki-67-dependent cell proliferation.
Nucleolar protein interacting with the FHA domain of pKi-67 (NIFK) is a Ki-67-interacting protein. However, its precise function in cancer remains largely uninvestigated. Here we show the clinical significance and metastatic mechanism of NIFK in lung cancer. NIFK expression is clinically associated with poor prognosis and metastasis. Furthermore, NIFK enhances Ki-67-dependent proliferation, and promotes migration, invasion in vitro and metastasis in vivo via downregulation of casein kinase 1α (CK1α), a suppressor of pro-metastatic TCF4/β-catenin signaling. Inversely, CK1α is upregulated upon NIFK knockdown. The silencing of CK1α expression in NIFK-silenced cells restores TCF4/β-catenin transcriptional activity, cell migration, and metastasis. Furthermore, RUNX1 is identified as a transcription factor of CSNK1A1 (CK1α) that is negatively regulated by NIFK. Our results demonstrate the prognostic value of NIFK, and suggest that NIFK is required for lung cancer progression via the RUNX1-dependent CK1α repression, which activates TCF4/β-catenin signaling in metastasis and the Ki-67-dependent regulation in cell proliferation
Super-oblique corrections and non-decoupling of supersymmetry breaking
If supersymmetric partners of the known particles have masses at the
multi-TeV scale, they will not be directly discovered at planned future
colliders and decouple from most observables. However, such superpartners also
induce non-decoupling effects that break the supersymmetric equivalence of
gauge boson couplings and gaugino couplings through supersymmetric
analogues of the oblique corrections. Working within well-motivated theoretical
frameworks, we find that multi-TeV scale supersymmetric particles produce
deviations at the 1-10% level in the ratios . Such effects allow one
to bound the scale of kinematically inaccessible superpartners through
precision measurements of processes involving the accessible superparticles.
Alternatively, if all superpartners are found, significant deviations imply the
existence of highly split exotic supermultiplets.Comment: 18 pages, REVTeX, no figur
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