37 research outputs found
Factors Associated with the Rapid and Durable Decline in Malaria Incidence in El Salvador, 1980-2017
A decade after the Global Malaria Eradication Program, El
Salvador had the highest burden of malaria in Mesoamerica, with
approximately 20% due to Plasmodium falciparum. A resurgence of
malaria in the 1970s led El Salvador to alter its national
malaria control strategy. By 1995, El Salvador recorded its last
autochthonous P. falciparum case with fewer than 20 Plasmodium
vivax cases annually since 2011. By contrast, its immediate
neighbors continue to have the highest incidences of malaria in
the region. We reviewed and evaluated the policies and
interventions implemented by the Salvadoran National Malaria
Program that likely contributed to this progress toward malaria
elimination. Decentralization of the malaria program, early
regional stratification by risk, and data-driven
stratum-specific actions resulted in the timely and targeted
allocation of resources for vector control, surveillance, case
detection, and treatment. Weekly reporting by health workers and
volunteer collaborators-distributed throughout the country by
strata and informed via the national surveillance system-enabled
local malaria teams to provide rapid, adaptive, and focalized
program actions. Sustained investments in surveillance and
response have led to a dramatic reduction in local transmission,
with most current malaria cases in El Salvador due to
importation from neighboring countries. Additional support for
systematic elimination efforts in neighboring countries would
benefit the region and may be needed for El Salvador to achieve
and maintain malaria elimination. El Salvador's experience
provides a relevant case study that can guide the application of
similar strategies in other countries committed to malaria
elimination
Multicenter, International Assessment of the Eighth Edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer Cancer Staging Manual for Conjunctival Melanoma
CRYPTOCHROME mediates behavioral executive choice in response to UV light
Drosophila melanogaster CRYPTOCHROME (CRY) mediates behavioral and electrophysiological responses to blue light coded by circadian and arousal neurons. However, spectroscopic and biochemical assays of heterologously expressed CRY suggest that CRY may mediate functional responses to UV-A (ultraviolet A) light as well. To determine the relative contributions of distinct phototransduction systems, we tested mutants lacking CRY and mutants with disrupted opsin-based phototransduction for behavioral and electrophysiological responses to UV light. CRY and opsin-based external photoreceptor systems cooperate for UV light-evoked acute responses. CRY mediates behavioral avoidance responses related to executive choice, consistent with its expression in central brain neurons
CRYPTOCHROME mediates behavioral executive choice in response to UV light
Drosophila melanogaster CRYPTOCHROME (CRY) mediates behavioral and electrophysiological responses to blue light coded by circadian and arousal neurons. However, spectroscopic and biochemical assays of heterologously expressed CRY suggest that CRY may mediate functional responses to UV-A (ultraviolet A) light as well. To determine the relative contributions of distinct phototransduction systems, we tested mutants lacking CRY and mutants with disrupted opsin-based phototransduction for behavioral and electrophysiological responses to UV light. CRY and opsin-based external photoreceptor systems cooperate for UV light-evoked acute responses. CRY mediates behavioral avoidance responses related to executive choice, consistent with its expression in central brain neurons
Tree Regeneration and Species Diversity Following Conventional and Uniform Spacing Methods of Selective Cutting in a Subtropical Humid Forest Reserve1
Eye Plaque Brachytherapy versus Enucleation for Ocular Melanoma: An Analysis from the National Cancer Database
Factors Associated with the Rapid and Durable Decline in Malaria Incidence in El Salvador, 1980-2017
A decade after the Global Malaria Eradication Program, El
Salvador had the highest burden of malaria in Mesoamerica, with
approximately 20% due to Plasmodium falciparum. A resurgence of
malaria in the 1970s led El Salvador to alter its national
malaria control strategy. By 1995, El Salvador recorded its last
autochthonous P. falciparum case with fewer than 20 Plasmodium
vivax cases annually since 2011. By contrast, its immediate
neighbors continue to have the highest incidences of malaria in
the region. We reviewed and evaluated the policies and
interventions implemented by the Salvadoran National Malaria
Program that likely contributed to this progress toward malaria
elimination. Decentralization of the malaria program, early
regional stratification by risk, and data-driven
stratum-specific actions resulted in the timely and targeted
allocation of resources for vector control, surveillance, case
detection, and treatment. Weekly reporting by health workers and
volunteer collaborators-distributed throughout the country by
strata and informed via the national surveillance system-enabled
local malaria teams to provide rapid, adaptive, and focalized
program actions. Sustained investments in surveillance and
response have led to a dramatic reduction in local transmission,
with most current malaria cases in El Salvador due to
importation from neighboring countries. Additional support for
systematic elimination efforts in neighboring countries would
benefit the region and may be needed for El Salvador to achieve
and maintain malaria elimination. El Salvador's experience
provides a relevant case study that can guide the application of
similar strategies in other countries committed to malaria
elimination