Nominatives of the youth slang: communication and object world of marginal

From the point of view of cognitive linguistics, context of struggling existence of different communicative or nominative-object worlds in the frames of national language is analyzed. Nominative-object world of Russian youth slang was chosen, being the brightest and limited in the described situations and implied intentions, and because of that, being the best material for detailed analysis and approbation of scientific methods. Pragmatic aims (incorporative, value, mediative, local-systemic orientative, existentional (role) isolative, etc.) which are behind the thematic groups, are identified; paradigmatic connections of the groups are studied.С позиции когнитивной лингвистики анализируется ситуация противоборствующего сосуществования различных коммуникативных, или номинативно-предметных, миров в рамках национального языка. Как наиболее яркий и ограниченный по описываемым ситуациям и подразумеваемым интенциям, а потому наилучшим образом подходящий для детального анализа и отработки научных методик, описывается номинативно-предметный мир русского молодежного сленга. Выделяются стоящие за тематическими группами прагматические установки (инкорпоративный ценностный медиатив, локально-системный ориентатив, экзистенциальный (ролевой) изолятив и др.), описываются парадигматические связи групп

Spatiality of overcoming and transition of Russian cognitive studies (on the basis of two precedent plots)

From the point of view of national stereotypes and relicts of the ceremony of initiation two important for the culture precedent texts are discussed – “Kolobok” (representing initiation of a man) and “Gusi-lebedi” (devoted to initiation of a woman).С точки зрения национальных стереотипов и реликтов обряда инициации подробно разбираются два важных для культуры прецедентных текста – «Колобок» (воплощающий инициацию мужчины) и «Гуси-лебеди» (посвященный инициации женщин)

Pathetizms of the soviet semi-official sphere as modulative semantics forms

The Soviet semi-official sphere is defined as a special type of semantic device presupposed the modulatively realized transition into another modality and state with proection to the approached social benefit-optimum achivement. There are revealed signs and special features of the characterized semantic field. The modulative transition principles and criteria are distinguished, which supposes tone, sense, emotion and modality exponents. There are defined semantic parameters introduced paradigmatics of analized units in their integrity and relation to the propaganda actions. The attention is drawn to the Soviet pathos specific features in their unity of wholeness and components. The modulative description principles of the units realised this sphere are outlined. The field of linguistic using and manifestation represented gives an opportunity to see not always experienced consequenses of political language in their directively organized systematizmПатетическая сфера советского официоза определяется как особый тип семантического устройства, предполагающего модулятивно осуществляемый переход в иную модальность и состояние, с проекцией к достижению приближаемого социального блага-оптимума. Выявляются признаки и особенности характеризуемой семантической области. Выделяются принципы и критерии модулятивного перехода, предполагающего тоновые, смысловые, эмоциональные и модальностные показатели. Выводятся семантические параметры, дающие представление о парадигматике разбираемых единиц в их единстве и отношении к пропагандистскому действию. Внимание обращается на специфику советского пафоса в единстве целого и составляющих. Намечаются принципы модулятивного описания воплощающих его единиц. Представленная область языкового использования и проявления дает возможность увидеть не всегда ощущаемые следствия языка политики в их направленно организованном систематизме

Summary of combustion instability research at Princeton University, 1969

Control and causes of combustion instability in rocket engine

Withdrawal from treatment as an outcome in the Isolde study of COPD

Objectives: To investigate the determinants of patient withdrawal from our study, and the effect of these withdrawals on the outcome of treatment with inhaled corticosteroids in patients with COPD. Design: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial. Setting: Eighteen outpatient centers in the United Kingdom. Participants: Seven hundred fifty-one patients with stable COPD defined clinically as baseline postbronchodilator FEV1 > 0.8 L and < 85% predicted, FEV1/FVC ratio < 70%, and FEV1 change after albuterol < 10% of predicted. Intervention: Random assignment of either 500 micrograms bid of inhaled fluticasone propionate (FP)using a spacer device or an identical placebo inhaler. Treatment was continued for 3 years or until patients withdrew from follow-up. Measurements and results: Postbronchodilator FEV1 was measured on three occasions before randomization and every 3 months thereafter. Health status was assessed by the disease-specific St. George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) and the modified short-form 36 questionnaire (SF-36) at baseline and every 6 months. Three hundred thirty-nine patients withdrew, of whom 156 patients received FP. Prescription of frequent courses of oral prednisolone was the most common reason for withdrawing as specified in the protocol (69 patients in the FP group withdrew due to respiratory symptoms, compared with 93 patients in the placebo group). This explained the significantly greater dropout of placebo-treated patients that was most evident when FEV1 was < 50% predicted. Patients withdrawing had a significantly more rapid decline in health status, measured by both the SGRQ and the SF-36 (p < 0.001). Those withdrawing from the placebo group had a more rapid decline in FEV1 and more exacerbations than the FP-treated groups. Baseline FEV1 was lower in dropouts than in patients completing the study receiving placebo, but there was no difference between the respective groups receiving FP. Conclusions: Patients who withdrew from follow-up were those with the most rapidly deteriorating health status and lung function. Losing these patients from the final analysis can reduce the power of a study to achieve its primary end point

Comment on “Low-temperature homoepitaxial growth on high-miscut Si(111) mediated by thin overlayers of Pb” [Appl. Phys. Lett. 75, 2954 (1999)]

Physic

Rates of asthma attacks in patients with previously inadequately controlled mild asthma treated in clinical practice with combination drug therapy: an exploratory post-hoc analysis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Differences could exist in the likelihood of asthma attacks in patients treated with inhaled corticosteroid (ICS), long-acting beta-agonist (LABA), and montelukast (MON) (ICS/LABA/MON) and patients treated with an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) and montelukast (MON) (ICS/MON).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>This was a post-hoc analysis of a pretest-posttest retrospective cohort study. Patients with mild persistent asthma and allergic rhinitis, who were taking an ICS either alone or in combination with a LABA, started concomitant MON treatment as part of their routine care. Rates of asthma- and allergic rhinitis-related medical resource use in the 12-months after the initial (index) MON prescription were compared in the ICS/MON and ICS/LABA/MON groups. An asthma attack was defined as an asthma-related hospitalization, ER visit, or use of an oral corticosteroid.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Of the total of 344 patients, 181 (53%) received ICS/MON and 163 (47%) received ICS/LABA/MON in the post-index period for means of 10.5 and 11.4 months, respectively, (P < 0.05). Short-acting beta-agonists were used by 74.6% in the ICS/MON and 71.8% in the ICS/LABA/MON groups (P > 0.05). An asthma attack occurred in 4.4% of the ICS/MON group and 6.8% of the ICS/LABA/MON group (P > 0.05). The adjusted odds of an asthma attack in the post-index period in the ICS/LABA/MON group relative to the ICS/MON group was 1.24, 95% confidence interval 0.35–4.44.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>In this observational study of combination drug treatment of mild persistent asthma and allergic rhinitis, no difference was observed between LABA/ICS/MON combination therapy and the ICS/MON combination without LABA use, for the rate of asthma attacks over one year.</p

The role of hypothalamic H1 receptor antagonism in antipsychotic-induced weight gain

Treatment with second generation antipsychotics (SGAs), notably olanzapine and clozapine, causes severe obesity side effects. Antagonism of histamine H1 receptors has been identified as a main cause of SGA-induced obesity, but the molecular mechanisms associated with this antagonism in different stages of SGA-induced weight gain remain unclear. This review aims to explore the potential role of hypothalamic histamine H1 receptors in different stages of SGA-induced weight gain/obesity and the molecular pathways related to SGA-induced antagonism of these receptors. Initial data have demonstrated the importance of hypothalamic H1 receptors in both short- and long-term SGA-induced obesity. Blocking hypothalamic H1 receptors by SGAs activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a well-known feeding regulator. During short-term treatment, hypothalamic H1 receptor antagonism by SGAs may activate the AMPK—carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 signaling to rapidly increase caloric intake and result in weight gain. During long-term SGA treatment, hypothalamic H1 receptor antagonism can reduce thermogenesis, possibly by inhibiting the sympathetic outflows to the brainstem rostral raphe pallidus and rostral ventrolateral medulla, therefore decreasing brown adipose tissue thermogenesis. Additionally, blocking of hypothalamic H1 receptors by SGAs may also contribute to fat accumulation by decreasing lipolysis but increasing lipogenesis in white adipose tissue. In summary, antagonism of hypothalamic H1 receptors by SGAs may time-dependently affect the hypothalamus-brainstem circuits to cause weight gain by stimulating appetite and fat accumulation but reducing energy expenditure. The H1 receptor and its downstream signaling molecules could be valuable targets for the design of new compounds for treating SGA-induced weight gain/obesity