Simulation Studies of Delta-ray Backgrounds in a Compton-Scatter Transition Radiation Detector

In order to evaluate the response to cosmic-ray nuclei of a Compton-Scatter Transition Radiation Detector in the proposed ACCESS space-based mission, a hybrid Monte Carlo simulation using GEANT3 and an external transition radiation (TR) generator routine was constructed. This simulation was employed to study the effects of delta-ray production induced by high-energy nuclei and to maximize the ratio of TR to delta-ray background. The results demonstrate the ability of a Compton-Scatter Transition Radiation Detector to measure nuclei from boron to iron up to Lorentz factors ~ 10^5 taking into account the steeply falling power-law cosmic ray spectra.Comment: Presented at TRDs for the 3rd millennium: Third Workshop on advanced Transition Radiation Detectors for accelerator and space applications, Ostuni, Italy, September 2005, 4 pages, 2 figure

Compton Scattered Transition Radiation from Very High Energy Particles

X-ray transition radiation can be used to measure the Lorentz factor of relativistic particles. At energies approaching gamma = E/mc^2 = 10^5, transition radiation detectors (TRDs) can be optimized by using thick (sim 5 - 10 mil) foils with large (5-10 mm) spacings. This implies X-ray energies >100 keV and the use of scintillators as the X-ray detectors. Compton scattering of the X-rays out of the particle beam then becomes an important effect. We discuss the design of very high energy detectors, the use of metal radiator foils rather than the standard plastic foils, inorganic scintillators for detecting Compton scattered transition radiation, and the application to the ACCESS cosmic ray experiment.Comment: To be published, Astroparticle Physic

Examining the Role of Fairness in High Stakes Allocation Decisions

Recent experimental evidence has led to a debate about the nature of utility functions in which people are concerned about the amount others earn, and what factors heighten or diminish social preference. We explore fairness by examining behavior across three variants of the dictator game. Using data from nearly 200 dictators allocating as much as $100 each, we observe that fairness considerations are very powerful—when subjects could reasonably believe that disproportionately low offers are “fair”, only 8-12 percent of dictators make positive offers. Examining the comparative static results from these allocation decisions, we find that recent theoretical models of inequality do a respectable job of explaining the data patterns.

Pigouvian tax aversion and inequity aversion in the lab

We use an experimental market with externalities to test whether inequality aversion could help explain the popularity of earmarking tax revenues. We find that voter opposition is not fully explained by material self-interest: Results indicate that preferences for fairness influence voting behavior, with greater inequality in tax revenue distribution negatively affecting the acceptability of the tax. In addition to this, we also discover a significant degree of tax-aversion in the votes. Our findings provide greater understanding of the behavioral underpinnings of the positive impact that earmarking has on the acceptability of Pigouvian taxes.Pigouvian taxes, public acceptability, earmarking, fairness, inequity aversion, laboratory experiments

Advanced solar cell power systems for space

Advanced solar cell power systems to reduce weight and withstand thermal stress conditions of Interplanetary Monitoring Platform /IMP-D

The Effect of Organizational Climate on the Teachers' Performance and Job Satisfaction in Selected Secondary Schools in the Division of Albay

This study investigated the types of organizational climate and the relationship that exist between the teachers' level of performance and job satisfaction; organizational climate and teachers’ level of performance; and organizational climate and teachers' level of job satisfaction in selected secondary schools in the Division of Albay. Descriptive survey was utilized and data was collected from 100 teacher-respondents using questionnaires and was analyzed using percentage, t-test and Pearson r correlation analysis. Findings revealed that the type of organizational climate that exist in the secondary schools in the Division of Albay is an open school climate. Teachers are highly satisfied with the kind of work environment they have. A total of 10 teachers were noted Outstanding in performance and 90 teachers were rated very satisfactory. No one got a satisfactory level performance and below. The level of performance of secondary school teachers is very satisfactory. There is a weak correlation between: the teachers' level of performance and the teachers' job satisfaction; organizational climate teachers' level of performance and organizational climate and the teachers' level of job satisfaction. An action plan for a program to support a sound organizational climate was proposed for the secondary school teachers in the Division of Albay. Based on the foregoing findings the following conclusions were drawn: The type of organizational climate that exist in selected secondary schools in the Division of Albay is an open school climate. The teachers are highly satisfied with their organizational climate. The teachers' level of performance is very satisfactory. There is no significant relationship between: teachers' level of performance and level of job satisfaction; organizational climate and teachers' level of performance; and organizational climate and the teachers' level of job satisfaction. The proposed action plan was focused on the least favorable dimensions of an open school climate

Roe\u27s Legacy: The Nonconsensual Medical Treatment of Pregnant Women and Implications for Female Citizenship

In this Essay, I demonstrate how I have come to the conclusion that the compelling state interest language used by the Court in Roe has been used to constrain and derogate women\u27s citizenship. In Part I, I detail Roe\u27s holding and describe some of the arguments, which use Roe as precedent, that seek to justify limits on health care decision making by pregnant women. I argue that because Roe does not address situations outside of the abortion context, it leaves intact women\u27s common law and constitutional liberty rights to direct their medical care. Therefore, the state cannot constitutionally compel medical treatment on pregnant women for the sake of their fetuses. In Part II, I detail some of the ways in which Roe has been used to harm women. Specifically, I argue that judicially compelled medical treatment harms individual women because it violates the privacy and liberty interests of individual women to engage in pregnancy-related decision making and other medical decisions. Finally, Part III elucidates the fundamental harm that lies at the heart of these restrictions - the consignment of women to second-class citizenship. In this section I argue that judicially compelled medical treatment in this context harms women as a social group by subordinating all women to their reproductive capacity and state-sanctioned mothering roles. I also argue that such treatment diminishes women\u27s autonomy and by so doing, derogates and disrespects women\u27s claim to full citizenship. These harms, along with the harms to individual women, have the effect of relegating women to second-class citizenship