Neurosis as a factor influencing the performance (Z. Freud, K. Jung)

The paper states that any person may be subject to neurosis, which can occur due to various reasons, but in any case it is necessary to treat it. Neurosis - a scourge of society and the need to fight with him.В статье говорится о том, что любой человек подвержен неврозу, который возникает по разным причинам, но в любом случае его необходимо лечить. Невроз - это бич общества и с ним нужно бороться

Molecular-genetic analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains spread in different patient groups in St.Petersburg (Russia)

Molecular epidemiological features of M.tuberculosis strains spread among different patient groups in Russia is not studied well. The aim of our study was to compare genotypes of M.tuberculosis strains circulating among TB patients from different groups: homeless, HIV-infected, prisoners and general population of St.Petersburg citizens. 
One hundred fifty M.tuberculosis complex isolates from different TB patient groups were studied using spoligotyping method. 
The majority of studied M.tuberculosis isolates in all groups belonged to Beijing family (56% among homeless; 77% among HIV-infected; 60% among general population; 83% among prisoners). There were no significant difference in Beijing family prevalence among homeless patients, HIV/TB co-infected and general population of TB patients. The lowest genetic diversity of the pathogen was detected among imprisoned patients. 
Results of our study demonstrate that M.tuberculosis strains circulating among homeless and HIV-infected people are also spread among general population of St.Petersburg citizens. Thus, we have investigated participation of high-risk groups in the TB infection spread in the city

Contrasting origin of B chromosomes in two cervids (Siberian roe deer and grey brocket deer) unravelled by chromosome-specific DNA sequencing

Abstract Background B chromosomes are dispensable and variable karyotypic elements found in some species of animals, plants and fungi. They often originate from duplications and translocations of host genomic regions or result from hybridization. In most species, little is known about their DNA content. Here we perform high-throughput sequencing and analysis of B chromosomes of roe deer and brocket deer, the only representatives of Cetartiodactyla known to have B chromosomes. Results In this study we developed an approach to identify genomic regions present on chromosomes by high-throughput sequencing of DNA generated from flow-sorted chromosomes using degenerate-oligonucleotide-primed PCR. Application of this method on small cattle autosomes revealed a previously described KIT gene region translocation associated with colour sidedness. Implementing this approach to B chromosomes from two cervid species, Siberian roe deer (Capreolus pygargus) and grey brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira), revealed dramatically different genetic content: roe deer B chromosomes consisted of two duplicated genomic regions (a total of 1.42-1.98 Mbp) involving three genes, while grey brocket deer B chromosomes contained 26 duplicated regions (a total of 8.28-9.31 Mbp) with 34 complete and 21 partial genes, including KIT and RET protooncogenes, previously found on supernumerary chromosomes in canids. Sequence variation analysis of roe deer B chromosomes revealed a high frequency of mutations and increased heterozygosity due to either amplification within B chromosomes or divergence between different Bs. In contrast, grey brocket deer B chromosomes were found to be more homogeneous and resembled autosomes in patterns of sequence variation. Similar tendencies were observed in repetitive DNA composition. Conclusions Our data demonstrate independent origins of B chromosomes in the grey brocket and roe deer. We hypothesize that the B chromosomes of these two cervid species represent different stages of B chromosome sequences evolution: probably nascent and similar to autosomal copies in brocket deer, highly derived in roe deer. Based on the presence of the same orthologous protooncogenes in canids and brocket deer Bs we argue that genomic regions involved in B chromosome formation are not random. In addition, our approach is also applicable to the characterization of other evolutionary and clinical rearrangements

Contrasting origin of B chromosomes in two cervids (Siberian roe deer and grey brocket deer) unravelled by chromosome-specific DNA sequencing.

BACKGROUND: B chromosomes are dispensable and variable karyotypic elements found in some species of animals, plants and fungi. They often originate from duplications and translocations of host genomic regions or result from hybridization. In most species, little is known about their DNA content. Here we perform high-throughput sequencing and analysis of B chromosomes of roe deer and brocket deer, the only representatives of Cetartiodactyla known to have B chromosomes. RESULTS: In this study we developed an approach to identify genomic regions present on chromosomes by high-throughput sequencing of DNA generated from flow-sorted chromosomes using degenerate-oligonucleotide-primed PCR. Application of this method on small cattle autosomes revealed a previously described KIT gene region translocation associated with colour sidedness. Implementing this approach to B chromosomes from two cervid species, Siberian roe deer (Capreolus pygargus) and grey brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira), revealed dramatically different genetic content: roe deer B chromosomes consisted of two duplicated genomic regions (a total of 1.42-1.98 Mbp) involving three genes, while grey brocket deer B chromosomes contained 26 duplicated regions (a total of 8.28-9.31 Mbp) with 34 complete and 21 partial genes, including KIT and RET protooncogenes, previously found on supernumerary chromosomes in canids. Sequence variation analysis of roe deer B chromosomes revealed a high frequency of mutations and increased heterozygosity due to either amplification within B chromosomes or divergence between different Bs. In contrast, grey brocket deer B chromosomes were found to be more homogeneous and resembled autosomes in patterns of sequence variation. Similar tendencies were observed in repetitive DNA composition. CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrate independent origins of B chromosomes in the grey brocket and roe deer. We hypothesize that the B chromosomes of these two cervid species represent different stages of B chromosome sequences evolution: probably nascent and similar to autosomal copies in brocket deer, highly derived in roe deer. Based on the presence of the same orthologous protooncogenes in canids and brocket deer Bs we argue that genomic regions involved in B chromosome formation are not random. In addition, our approach is also applicable to the characterization of other evolutionary and clinical rearrangements

Genome-Wide Mycobacterium tuberculosis Variation (GMTV) Database: A New Tool for Integrating Sequence Variations and Epidemiology

Background Tuberculosis (TB) poses a worldwide threat due to advancing multidrug-resistant strains and deadly co-infections with Human immunodeficiency virus. Today large amounts of Mycobacterium tuberculosis whole genome sequencing data are being assessed broadly and yet there exists no comprehensive online resource that connects M. tuberculosis genome variants with geographic origin, with drug resistance or with clinical outcome. Description Here we describe a broadly inclusive unifying Genome-wide Mycobacterium tuberculosis Variation (GMTV) database, (http://mtb.dobzhanskycenter.org) that catalogues genome variations of M. tuberculosis strains collected across Russia. GMTV contains a broad spectrum of data derived from different sources and related to M. tuberculosis molecular biology, epidemiology, TB clinical outcome, year and place of isolation, drug resistance profiles and displays the variants across the genome using a dedicated genome browser. GMTV database, which includes 1084 genomes and over 69,000 SNP or Indel variants, can be queried about M. tuberculosis genome variation and putative associations with drug resistance, geographical origin, and clinical stages and outcomes. Conclusions Implementation of GMTV tracks the pattern of changes of M. tuberculosis strains in different geographical areas, facilitates disease gene discoveries associated with drug resistance or different clinical sequelae, and automates comparative genomic analyses among M. tuberculosis strains

Deconstructing Review Deception: A Study on Counterfactual Explanation and XAI in Detecting Fake and GPT-Generated Reviews

Our models not only deliver high-performing predictions but also illuminate the decision-making processes underlying these predictions. By experimenting with five datasets, we have showcased our framework\u27s prowess in generating diverse and specific counterfactuals, thereby enhancing deception detection capabilities and supporting review authenticity assessments. The results demonstrate the significant contribution of our research in furthering the understanding of AI-generated review detection and, more broadly, AI interpretability. Experimentation on five datasets reveals our framework\u27s ability to produce diverse and specific counterfactuals, significantly enriching deception detection capabilities and facilitating the evaluation of review authenticity. Our robust model offers a novel contribution to the understanding of AI applications, marking a significant step forward in both the detection of deceptive reviews and the broader field of AI interpretability

Recent Developments in the Anthropology of Digital Media: Exploring the Influencer Phenomenon

Received 15 March 2024. Accepted 1 April 2024. Published online 30 April 2025.Review of Emily Hund. The Influencer Industry: The Quest for Authenticity on Social Media. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2023; Johanna Arnesson and Hanna Reinikainen (Eds.) Influencer Politics: At the Intersection of Personal, Political, and Promotional. Boston: De Gruyter, 2024.The study is supported by the Russian Science Foundation, Project No. 23-78-10079, https://rscf.ru/project/23-78-10079

Visual Images of the Frontier: Tyva and Tuvans in the Expedition Photographs of P. E. Ostrovskikh (1897) in the collection of MAE RAS (the Kunstkamera)

This paper examines a collection of photographic negatives taken by Russian ethnographer P. E. Ostrovskikh during his 1897 expedition to the Uryankhai region, currently housed in the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography of the Russian Academy of Sciences (the Kunstkamera). The paper explores the themes and genres represented in the photographs, as well as the photographic conventions employed, to reveal how frontier interactions between diverse political and ethnic groups, cultures, and lifestyles were visually constructed. The classification of recurring themes and subjects highlights the collection’s exceptional thematic breadth. These visual records depict the local autochthonous population, Chinese administrators, Buddhist clergy, and Russian settlers, alongside various aspects of everyday life and traditional culture, including environmental conditions, physical characteristics, housing, religious practices, and childhood rituals. The visual contrast between photographs of indigenous people taken in the style of “anthropological” or “ethnographic” photography, as it was understood during that period, and those of Russian settlers, captured in the aesthetics of studio portraits, highlights the unequal sociocultural status of the frontier groups. As a representative of Russian imperial science, Ostrovskikh used photography to document both the economic potential and the prospects for commercial development in the region, dedicating a significant portion of the collection to the economic activities of the Russian population

Christina Weis (2021). Surrogacy in Russia An Ethnography of Reproductive Labour, Stratification and Migration. Emerald

Received 2 May 2023. Accepted 15 May 2023. Published online 3 July 2023