255 research outputs found
Smart contract as a tool for digital transformation of penitentiary system economy
The Russian penitentiary system is a large diversified industry with a total annual output of goods, works and services worth more than 30 billion rubles. The process of integrating such a manufacturer into the national digital economic system requires a special set of tools, one of which, in the authorβs opinion, is a smart contract. The object of the study is the sphere of labor adaptation of convicts, subject is digital tools to improve efficiency of production processes and relations in the penitentiary system. The article studies the use of smart contracts as one of the promising directions for improving economic activity of correctional institutions and optimizing the contracting system. As a result of the study, the author concluded that it is advisable to develop smart contracts as a tool to strengthen and develop economic potential of the penitentiary system, and also suggested possible directions of its practical application
Secondary Electron Spectral Changes of Irradiated Gold Nanoparticle Caused By PEGylation
Gold nanoparticles attract attention for the use in radiation therapy of tumors due to the ability to enhance the efficacy of ionizing radiation. The magnitude of the radiosensitizing effect depends on the parameters of the nanoparticle, in particular on the modification of the surface. In the present work, the spectrum of secondary particles generated in a gold nanoparticle virtually irradiated with 60Π‘ΠΎ gamma rays as a result of surface modification by a polyethylene glycol shell was studied. The Mont eCarlo calculations revealed that modification of the nanoparticleβs surface changes the spectrum of secondary particles. The most robust was the loss in low-energy electrons (51%) whereas the yield of Compton electrons increased by 1.27 times. At the same time, no statistically significant changes were observed in the spectrum of secondary photons and photoelectrons. Simulation of the formation and distribution of secondary electron radiation makes it possible to evaluate the parameters important for the rational design of antitumor nanoradiosensitizers based on chemical elements with a high atomic number.
Keywords: gold nanoparticles, radiosensitizers, Monte-Carlo simulation, Geant4, radiation therapy, malignant tumors
Magnetoresistance of p-GaAs/AlGaAs structures in the vicinity of metal-insulator transition: Effect of superconducting leads
Experimental and theoretical studies on transport in semiconductor samples
with superconducting electrodes are reported. We focus on the samples close to
metal-insulator transition. In metallic samples, a peak of negative
magnetoresistance at fields lower than critical magnetic field of the leads was
observed. This peak is attributed to restoration of a single-particle tunneling
emerging with suppression of superconductivity. The experimental results allow
us to estimate tunneling transparency of the boundary between superconductor
and metal. In contrast, for the insulating samples no such a peak was observed.
We explain this behavior as related to properties of transport through the
contact between superconductor and hopping conductor. This effect can be used
to discriminate between weak localization and strong localization regimes.Comment: 10 pages, 3 fi
Kharkiv incoherent scatter facility
The structure, parameters and operating modes of the incoherent scatter radar of the Institute of Ionosphere, Kharkiv are presented. Some results of the ionosphere research obtained by this facility are shown.ΠΠ°Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ, ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΠ° Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΡΡΠ½Π½Ρ ΠΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ (ΠΌ. Π₯Π°ΡΠΊΡΠ²). ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΊΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ Π·Π° Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π½Π°Π½Π½Ρ
ΠΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ·Π½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ
Granulomatous lung disease is a heterogeneous group of diseases with different etiology, clinical symptoms and tissue damage, and different response to therapy. The prevalent histological sign of granulomatous lung disease is granuloma which is the clinical and morphological entity of this disease. The aim of this review was to describe a diversity of granulomatous diseases, key morphological features of infectious and non-infectious granulomatosis, and a diagnostic approach. Granuloma is a result of chronic inflammation involving cells of macrophage system and other inflammatory cells. Antigens activate T-lymphocytes, macrophages, epithelioid cells and polynuclear giant cells which form granuloma. Also, granuloma contains the extracellular matrix that is produced by fibroblasts and is intended to isolate the antigen. Granulomas could be infectious and non-infectious but, according to recent findings, microorganisms could cause granuloma formation in cases considered as non-infectious diseases. Therefore, sometimes it is difficult to estimate infectious or non-infectious origin of the disease.ΠΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ·Π½ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ β ΡΡΠΎ Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ° Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠ° β Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ. Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΊ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΡ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ·Π½ΡΡ
Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ°Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΊ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Π³Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ³Π΅Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡ T-Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ², ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ², ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠ³Π°Π½ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΊ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΡ. ΠΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ° Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π²Π½Π΅ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΡ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ³Π΅Π½. ΠΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ·Π½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ, ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡ
, ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π²ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ. Π ΡΡΠ΄Π΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π² ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ·Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π·Π°ΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ
ΠΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π· ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π°Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π»ΡΠ²Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
The paper considers the current concept of diffuse alveolar lesion (DAL), a rather rare condition that requires intensive care measures. The clinicomorphological manifestation of DAL is adult respiratory distress syndrome. The causes of DAL occurring with an infectious process, including septic conditions, as well as with inhalations of toxic gases and aerosols; shock, radiation, drug therapy, etc. are presented. The pathogenesis of DAL and its pathological anatomy is described in detail, pathological lung alterations in different periods after the onset of the disease being characterized.Π Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π»ΡΠ²Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ (ΠΠΠ) β Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ, ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΠΠ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ-ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌ Π²Π·ΡΠΎΡΠ»ΡΡ
. ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠΠ β Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ; ΠΈΠ½Π³Π°Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ; ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΊΠ΅; Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ; Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄Ρ. ΠΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π· ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΠΠ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π°Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ
Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
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