255 research outputs found

    Smart contract as a tool for digital transformation of penitentiary system economy

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    The Russian penitentiary system is a large diversified industry with a total annual output of goods, works and services worth more than 30 billion rubles. The process of integrating such a manufacturer into the national digital economic system requires a special set of tools, one of which, in the author’s opinion, is a smart contract. The object of the study is the sphere of labor adaptation of convicts, subject is digital tools to improve efficiency of production processes and relations in the penitentiary system. The article studies the use of smart contracts as one of the promising directions for improving economic activity of correctional institutions and optimizing the contracting system. As a result of the study, the author concluded that it is advisable to develop smart contracts as a tool to strengthen and develop economic potential of the penitentiary system, and also suggested possible directions of its practical application

    Secondary Electron Spectral Changes of Irradiated Gold Nanoparticle Caused By PEGylation

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    Gold nanoparticles attract attention for the use in radiation therapy of tumors due to the ability to enhance the efficacy of ionizing radiation. The magnitude of the radiosensitizing effect depends on the parameters of the nanoparticle, in particular on the modification of the surface. In the present work, the spectrum of secondary particles generated in a gold nanoparticle virtually irradiated with 60Π‘ΠΎ gamma rays as a result of surface modification by a polyethylene glycol shell was studied. The Mont eCarlo calculations revealed that modification of the nanoparticle’s surface changes the spectrum of secondary particles. The most robust was the loss in low-energy electrons (51%) whereas the yield of Compton electrons increased by 1.27 times. At the same time, no statistically significant changes were observed in the spectrum of secondary photons and photoelectrons. Simulation of the formation and distribution of secondary electron radiation makes it possible to evaluate the parameters important for the rational design of antitumor nanoradiosensitizers based on chemical elements with a high atomic number. Keywords: gold nanoparticles, radiosensitizers, Monte-Carlo simulation, Geant4, radiation therapy, malignant tumors

    Magnetoresistance of p-GaAs/AlGaAs structures in the vicinity of metal-insulator transition: Effect of superconducting leads

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    Experimental and theoretical studies on transport in semiconductor samples with superconducting electrodes are reported. We focus on the samples close to metal-insulator transition. In metallic samples, a peak of negative magnetoresistance at fields lower than critical magnetic field of the leads was observed. This peak is attributed to restoration of a single-particle tunneling emerging with suppression of superconductivity. The experimental results allow us to estimate tunneling transparency of the boundary between superconductor and metal. In contrast, for the insulating samples no such a peak was observed. We explain this behavior as related to properties of transport through the contact between superconductor and hopping conductor. This effect can be used to discriminate between weak localization and strong localization regimes.Comment: 10 pages, 3 fi

    Kharkiv incoherent scatter facility

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    The structure, parameters and operating modes of the incoherent scatter radar of the Institute of Ionosphere, Kharkiv are presented. Some results of the ionosphere research obtained by this facility are shown.НавСдСно структуру, ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈ Ρ– Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΈ Ρ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π΄Π°Ρ€Π° Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ розсіяння Інституту іоносфСри (ΠΌ. Π₯Π°Ρ€ΠΊΡ–Π²). Показано дСякі Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡŒ іоносфСри Π·Π° допомогою Ρ†ΡŒΠΎΠ³ΠΎ обладнання

    Π“Ρ€Π°Π½ΡƒΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ·Π½Ρ‹Π΅ заболСвания Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ…

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    Granulomatous lung disease is a heterogeneous group of diseases with different etiology, clinical symptoms and tissue damage, and different response to therapy. The prevalent histological sign of granulomatous lung disease is granuloma which is the clinical and morphological entity of this disease. The aim of this review was to describe a diversity of granulomatous diseases, key morphological features of infectious and non-infectious granulomatosis, and a diagnostic approach. Granuloma is a result of chronic inflammation involving cells of macrophage system and other inflammatory cells. Antigens activate T-lymphocytes, macrophages, epithelioid cells and polynuclear giant cells which form granuloma. Also, granuloma contains the extracellular matrix that is produced by fibroblasts and is intended to isolate the antigen. Granulomas could be infectious and non-infectious but, according to recent findings, microorganisms could cause granuloma formation in cases considered as non-infectious diseases. Therefore, sometimes it is difficult to estimate infectious or non-infectious origin of the disease.Π“Ρ€Π°Π½ΡƒΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ·Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ – это гСтСрогСнная Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ° Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ этиологии, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ…ΡΡ Ρ€Π°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ клиничСскими синдромами ΠΈ Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅Π²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‡ΡƒΠ²ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ ΠΊ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ гистологичСского ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠ° – наличия Π³Ρ€Π°Π½ΡƒΠ»Π΅ΠΌ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΠΌΠΎΡ€Ρ„ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ ΡΡƒΡ‰Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ. ЦСлью настоящСй Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ являСтся ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ внимания Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΊ Ρ€Π°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΈΡŽ Π³Ρ€Π°Π½ΡƒΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ·Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ описаниС ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² патологоанатомичСских проявлСний Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΊ Π΄ΠΈΡ„Ρ„Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ диагностикС Π³Ρ€Π°Π½ΡƒΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ². Π“Ρ€Π°Π½ΡƒΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ° являСтся хроничСской Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡŽΡ‚ участиС ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π°Π³Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ систСмы ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠΈ воспалСния. ПослС воздСйствия Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠ³Π΅Π½Π° происходит активация T-Π»ΠΈΠΌΡ„ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ², ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π°Π³ΠΎΠ², эпитСлиоидных ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ ΠΈ гигантских многоядСрных ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ, приводящая ΠΊ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡŽ Π³Ρ€Π°Π½ΡƒΠ»Π΅ΠΌΡ‹. Π“Ρ€Π°Π½ΡƒΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ° Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π²Π½Π΅ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ матрикс, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΡ†ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹ΠΉ фибробластами, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡ‚Π³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠ³Π΅Π½. Π“Ρ€Π°Π½ΡƒΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ·Π½Ρ‹Π΅ заболСвания ΠΏΠΎ этиологии ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Π΅. Однако согласно послСдним исслСдованиям, ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ‹ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ развития Π³Ρ€Π°Π½ΡƒΠ»Π΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ заболСваниях, Ρ€Π°Π½Π΅Π΅ ΡΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π°Π²ΡˆΠΈΡ…ΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ. Π’ рядС случаСв ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π³Ρ€Π°Π½ΡƒΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ·Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ процСсс ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ прСдставляСтся Π·Π°Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ

    Этиология, ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π· ΠΈ патологичСская анатомия Π΄ΠΈΡ„Ρ„ΡƒΠ·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π»ΡŒΠ²Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ поврСТдСния

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    The paper considers the current concept of diffuse alveolar lesion (DAL), a rather rare condition that requires intensive care measures. The clinicomorphological manifestation of DAL is adult respiratory distress syndrome. The causes of DAL occurring with an infectious process, including septic conditions, as well as with inhalations of toxic gases and aerosols; shock, radiation, drug therapy, etc. are presented. The pathogenesis of DAL and its pathological anatomy is described in detail, pathological lung alterations in different periods after the onset of the disease being characterized.Π’ настоящСй ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ рассматриваСтся соврСмСнная концСпция Π΄ΠΈΡ„Ρ„ΡƒΠ·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π»ΡŒΠ²Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ поврСТдСния (Π”ΠΠŸ) β€” достаточно часто Π²ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎΡΡ состояния, Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ провСдСния интСнсивных тСрапСвтичСских мСроприятий. ΠšΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ проявлСниСм ΠΌΠΎΡ€Ρ„ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π”ΠΠŸ являСтся рСспираторный дистрСсс-синдром взрослых. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ возникновСния Π”ΠΠŸ β€” Π½Π° Ρ„ΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ процСсса, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Ρ сСптичСскиС состояния; ингаляций токсичных Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ аэрозолСй; ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ шокС; дСйствии Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ; лСкарствСнной Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€. ΠŸΠΎΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎ описан ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π· развития Π”ΠΠŸ ΠΈ патологичСская анатомия, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ этом Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ патологичСскиС измСнСния Π² Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ… Π½Π° Ρ€Π°Π·Π½Ρ‹Ρ… сроках ΠΎΡ‚ Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»Π° развития заболСвания
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