Rhythmocardiography used to study the impact of validol and nitroglycerin on heart rate variability among patients with stable stenocardia

Introduction: One of the main reasons of frequent able-bodied citizens’ mortality is ischemic heart disease. Nitroglycerin is used for the reduction of stenocardia attacks, but in case of intolerance of the medication or if side effects appear, it may be substituted for validol. Nowadays peripheral vegetotropic effects of these medications are not completely studied, thus the research that is being carried out is of great topicality. Aims: The present research is aimed at studying the way nitroglycerin and validol affect heart rate variability among patients with stable stenocardia. In the research were included 32 patients with stable stenocardia of I (16%) %), II (56%) and III (28%) dynamic classes from the Cardiology department of outpatient clinic №8 (Chelyabinsk, Russia). The average age of the group is 54±6,2 years. Rhythmocardiography was realized on apparatus-program complex “Micor” (Russia) of high resolution in order to study heart rate variability. Rhythmocardiography was carried out 2 minutes before and 2 minutes after sublingual nitroglycerin intake and on the other day 10 minutes before and 10 minutes after sublingual validol intake. Heart rate variability was studied initially in lying position (ph) and also in 4 stimulating probes: Vm- Modified Valsalva Maneuver, pAAshner-Danjiny Test, AOP -Active Orthostatic Test, PWC120 -Loading Test Power Working Capacity simultaneously measured with EKG in real-time. Following findings were determined: RR - beat-to-beat interval; SDNN - Standard Deviation of Normal-to-Normal Intervals of sinus heart rate HR; ARA -Amplitude respiratory arrhythmia; separately were defined: quadratic dispersion of humoral-metabolic HR deflections (al), sympathetic HR deflections (am), parasympathetic fluctuations (as) and their spectral analogues for determination of control factors’ correlation in constitutional deflection spectrum BCP -VLF%, LF%, HF%. Statistics were elaborated with the help of StatPlus® program (2009). Results: It was proved from the realized research that with validol and nitroglycerin intake the total heart rate variability (SDNN) significantly increased in all probes. With nitroglycerin intake in comparison with the reference level the RR duration in the background probe fell (ph) (p<0,0001), humoral metabolic impact increased aloud: al b ph (p<0,05), Vm (p<0,001), pA (p<0,0001), VLF% b ph (p<0,01), pA (p<0,05); sympathetic manipulation: am b Vm (p<0,0001), pA (p<0,01), AOP (p<0,001), PWC (p<0,01), LF% b AOP (p<0,01); parasympathetic regulation fell: as b ph (p<0,01),HF% b ph (p<0,001), Vm (p<0,01), pA (p<0,0001); with nitroglycerin intake the response value to stimulus in AOP increased: d-a NN% (p<0,01), d-a NN, sec (p<0,05). In probe with validol significantly increased the RR range in all other probes: ph, AOP (p<0, 0001), Vm, pA (p<0,001), PWC (p<0, 01); humoral-metabolic and sympathetic impact increased in all probes, except PWC, the amount of parasympathetic deflections (as) increased in AOP (p<0, 01) and PWC (p<0, 05), meanwhile the percentage of parasympathetic impact (HF %) (p<0, 05) for certain reduced by ph. Thus, the prescription of these medications has both: positive aspects - SDNN increase after nitroglycerin and validol intake, with validol intake the RR increase in all probes may be observed, as in AOP and PWC and negative aspects-the increase of humoral-metabolic and sympathetic regulation under the impact of surveyed medications, as normally parasympathetic regulation should predominate. It brings about the necessity of specific control of the prescription and the individual selection of the medications even contrary to standard schemes

Smart contract as a tool for digital transformation of penitentiary system economy

The Russian penitentiary system is a large diversified industry with a total annual output of goods, works and services worth more than 30 billion rubles. The process of integrating such a manufacturer into the national digital economic system requires a special set of tools, one of which, in the author’s opinion, is a smart contract. The object of the study is the sphere of labor adaptation of convicts, subject is digital tools to improve efficiency of production processes and relations in the penitentiary system. The article studies the use of smart contracts as one of the promising directions for improving economic activity of correctional institutions and optimizing the contracting system. As a result of the study, the author concluded that it is advisable to develop smart contracts as a tool to strengthen and develop economic potential of the penitentiary system, and also suggested possible directions of its practical application

Цифровизация экономики России: между Востоком и Западом

In this paper, the authors consider models for building digital economy systems in foreign countries. The relevance of research is primarily due to the need to develop a clear and coherent understanding of the optimal scheme of digital construction in the economy of the Russian Federation, which at the initial stage is impossible without analyzing the experience already existing in the world. It is necessary to identify both stimulating and inhibiting factors that influence the effectiveness of the digital transformation of foreign economic systems. The purpose of the study is to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the most successful global models of building a digital economy, followed by the development of an understanding of their applicability in Russia. Thus, in this paper, the authors offered their answer to the question: “Can the Russian Federation successfully apply the already proven strategy of digital transformation of the economy or is it necessary to develop unique own solutions?” To do this, the authors examined statistical data characterizing the economy of advanced states from the point of view of digital transformation, regulatory documents regulating state policy in this area, as well as the positions of researchers working in this direction. The use of the statistical analysis method made it possible to compare the factors of influence and the results of digital construction. Within the framework of a formal and logical approach based on the study of the provisions of strategic planning documents of foreign countries, the authors formulated some possible scenarios for the further development of the digital transformation of the economies of Europe, the United States and China. As a result of the conducted research, the authors concluded about the possibility of using certain digital construction tools used abroad, in Russia, and also assess the degree of effectiveness of the introduction of foreign models of digital transformation into the practice of the domestic economy.В настоящей работе авторы рассматривают модели построения систем цифровой экономики в зарубежных странах. Актуальность исследования обусловлена, прежде всего, необходимостью выработки четкого и стройного понимания оптимальной схемы цифрового строительства в экономике Российской Федерации, которое на начальном этапе невозможно без анализа уже сложившегося в мире опыта. Необходимо выделить как стимулирующие, так и тормозящие факторы, оказывающие влияние на результативность цифровой трансформации зарубежных экономических систем. Целью исследования является выявление сильных и слабых черт наиболее успешных мировых моделей построения цифровой экономики с последующей выработкой понимания степени применимости их в России. Таким образом, авторы предложили свой ответ на вопрос: «Может ли Российская Федерация успешно применить уже апробированную стратегию цифровой трансформации экономики или необходима выработка уникальных собственных решений?» Для этого авторы рассмотрели статистические данные, характеризующие экономику передовых с точки зрения цифровой трансформации государств, нормативные документы, регулирующие государственную политику в этой области, а также позиции исследователей, работающих в рассматриваемом направлении. Применение метода статистического анализа позволило сопоставить факторы влияния и результаты цифрового строительства. В рамках формально-логического подхода на основе изучения положений документов стратегического планирования зарубежных стран авторы сформулировали некоторые возможные сценарии дальнейшего развития цифровой трансформации экономики стран Европы, США и Китая. В результате проведенного исследования авторы приходят к выводу о возможности применения отдельных инструментов цифрового строительства, использованных за рубежом и в России, а также дают оценку степени эффективности внедрения иностранных моделей цифровой трансформации в практику отечественной экономики

Magnetoresistance of p-GaAs/AlGaAs structures in the vicinity of metal-insulator transition: Effect of superconducting leads

Experimental and theoretical studies on transport in semiconductor samples with superconducting electrodes are reported. We focus on the samples close to metal-insulator transition. In metallic samples, a peak of negative magnetoresistance at fields lower than critical magnetic field of the leads was observed. This peak is attributed to restoration of a single-particle tunneling emerging with suppression of superconductivity. The experimental results allow us to estimate tunneling transparency of the boundary between superconductor and metal. In contrast, for the insulating samples no such a peak was observed. We explain this behavior as related to properties of transport through the contact between superconductor and hopping conductor. This effect can be used to discriminate between weak localization and strong localization regimes.Comment: 10 pages, 3 fi

Secondary Electron Spectral Changes of Irradiated Gold Nanoparticle Caused By PEGylation

Gold nanoparticles attract attention for the use in radiation therapy of tumors due to the ability to enhance the efficacy of ionizing radiation. The magnitude of the radiosensitizing effect depends on the parameters of the nanoparticle, in particular on the modification of the surface. In the present work, the spectrum of secondary particles generated in a gold nanoparticle virtually irradiated with 60Со gamma rays as a result of surface modification by a polyethylene glycol shell was studied. The Mont eCarlo calculations revealed that modification of the nanoparticle’s surface changes the spectrum of secondary particles. The most robust was the loss in low-energy electrons (51%) whereas the yield of Compton electrons increased by 1.27 times. At the same time, no statistically significant changes were observed in the spectrum of secondary photons and photoelectrons. Simulation of the formation and distribution of secondary electron radiation makes it possible to evaluate the parameters important for the rational design of antitumor nanoradiosensitizers based on chemical elements with a high atomic number. Keywords: gold nanoparticles, radiosensitizers, Monte-Carlo simulation, Geant4, radiation therapy, malignant tumors

Kharkiv incoherent scatter facility

The structure, parameters and operating modes of the incoherent scatter radar of the Institute of Ionosphere, Kharkiv are presented. Some results of the ionosphere research obtained by this facility are shown.Наведено структуру, параметри і режими роботи радара некогерентного розсіяння Інституту іоносфери (м. Харків). Показано деякі результати спостережень іоносфери за допомогою цього обладнання

Гранулематозные заболевания легких

Granulomatous lung disease is a heterogeneous group of diseases with different etiology, clinical symptoms and tissue damage, and different response to therapy. The prevalent histological sign of granulomatous lung disease is granuloma which is the clinical and morphological entity of this disease. The aim of this review was to describe a diversity of granulomatous diseases, key morphological features of infectious and non-infectious granulomatosis, and a diagnostic approach. Granuloma is a result of chronic inflammation involving cells of macrophage system and other inflammatory cells. Antigens activate T-lymphocytes, macrophages, epithelioid cells and polynuclear giant cells which form granuloma. Also, granuloma contains the extracellular matrix that is produced by fibroblasts and is intended to isolate the antigen. Granulomas could be infectious and non-infectious but, according to recent findings, microorganisms could cause granuloma formation in cases considered as non-infectious diseases. Therefore, sometimes it is difficult to estimate infectious or non-infectious origin of the disease.Гранулематозные болезни – это гетерогенная группа заболеваний различной этиологии, проявляющихся разнообразными клиническими синдромами и вариантами тканевых изменений, неоднородной чувствительностью к терапии и преобладанием общего доминирующего гистологического признака – наличия гранулем, которые определяют клинико-морфологическую сущность каждой болезни. Целью настоящей работы является привлечение внимания читателей к разнообразию гранулематозных заболеваний, а также описание ключевых моментов патологоанатомических проявлений различных болезней инфекционной и неинфекционной природы и определение подхода к дифференциальной диагностике гранулематозов. Гранулема является хронической воспалительной реакцией, в которой принимают участие клетки макрофагальной системы и другие клетки воспаления. После воздействия антигена происходит активация T-лимфоцитов, макрофагов, эпителиоидных клеток и гигантских многоядерных клеток, приводящая к образованию гранулемы. Гранулема включает также внеклеточный матрикс, продуцируемый фибробластами, позволяющий отграничить и изолировать антиген. Гранулематозные заболевания по этиологии классифицируются на инфекционные и неинфекционные. Однако согласно последним исследованиям, патогенные микроорганизмы могут быть причиной развития гранулем при заболеваниях, ранее считавшихся неинфекционными. В ряде случаев классифицировать гранулематозный процесс как инфекционный и неинфекционный представляется затруднительным

Об интерстициальных пневмониях: ответы на вопросы профессора М.М.Ильковича и рассуждения на актуальную тему

.