Принципы использования эсмолола в практике анестезиолога и врача-интенсивиста

Prevention and reduction of cardiac risk remains an important issue in anesthesiology and intensive care. There is a successful clinical experience in the use of esmolol for the correction of hemodynamic and ischemic disorders in acute coronary syndrome, in the perioperative period with excessive activation of the sympathoadrenal system. A large number of works are devoted to the use of esmolol as a drug that prevents hemodynamic changes due to tracheal intubation. The aim of the study was to evaluate the use of esmolol and dexmedetomidine as intravenous adjuvants in general analgesia during thyroidectomy in patients with thyrotoxicosis. The use of esmolol (Biblock) and dexmedetomidine in anesthesia for thyroidectomy, suppresses the hemodynamic response caused by surgical stress. Both adjuvants stabilize oxygen consumption and maintain a stable metabolism. Both drugs are quite effective as intravenous adjuvants in general analgesia for thyroidectomy in patients with thyrotoxicosis. They are the drugs of choice and can be recommended in practical anesthesiology.В анестезіології та інтенсивній терапії важливим питанням залишається запобігання та зниження кардіального ризику. Накопичено успішний клінічний досвід застосування есмололу для корекції гемодинамічних та ішемічних порушень при гострому коронарному синдромі, в періопераційному періоді при надмірній активації симпатоадреналової системи. Велика кількість робіт присвячена використанню есмололу як препарату, що запобігає гемодинамічним змінам внаслідок інтубації трахеї. Метою дослідження була оцінка використання есмололу, а також дексмедетомідину як внутрішньовенних ад’ювантів для загального знеболювання при тиреоїдектомії у хворих з проявами тиреотоксикозу. Використання есмололу (Біблок) і дексмедетомідину в схемі наркозу під час тиреоїдектомії пригнічує гемодинамічну відповідь, викликану хірургічним стресом, обидва ад’юванти стабілізують споживання кисню і підтримують стабільний рівень метаболізму. Обидва препарати досить ефективні як внутрішньовенні ад’юванти у загальному знеболюванні при тиреоїдектомії у хворих з проявами тиреотоксикозу, є препаратами вибору і можуть бути рекомендовані в практичній анестезіології.В анестезиологии и интенсивной терапии важным вопросом остается предотвращение и снижение кардиального риска. Накоплен успешный клинический опыт применения эсмолола для коррекции гемодинамических и ишемических нарушений при остром коронарном синдроме, в периоперационном периоде при чрезмерной активации симпатоадреналовой системы. Большое количество работ посвящено использованию эсмолола в качестве препарата, предотвращающего гемодинамические изменения вследствие интубации трахеи. Целью исследования была оценка использования эсмолола, а также дексмедетомидина в качестве внутривенных адъювантов при общем обезболивании при тиреоидэктомии у больных с проявлениями тиреотоксикоза. Использование эсмолола (Библок) и дексмедетомидина в схеме наркоза во время тиреоидэктомии подавляет гемодинамический ответ, вызванний хирургическим стрессом, оба адьюванта стабилизируют потребление кислорода и поддерживают стабильный уровень метаболизма. Оба препарата достаточно эффективны в качестве внутривенного адъюванта при общем обезболивании при тиреоидэктомии у больных с проявлениями тиреотоксикоза

Direct access to quantum fluctuations through cross-correlation measurements

Detection of the quantum fluctuations by conventional methods meets certain obstacles, since it requires high frequency measurements. Moreover, quantum fluctuations are normally dominated by classical noise, and are usually further obstructed by various accompanying effects such as a detector backaction. In present work, we demonstrate that these difficulties can be bypassed by performing the cross-correlation measurements. We propose to use a pair of two-level detectors, weakly coupled to a collective mode of an electric circuit. Fluctuations of the current source accumulated in the collective mode induce stochastic transitions in the detectors. These transitions are then read off by quantum point contact (QPC) electrometers and translated into two telegraph processes in the QPC currents. Since both detectors interact with the same collective mode, this leads to a certain fraction of the correlated transitions. These correlated transitions are fingerprinted in the cross-correlations of the telegraph processes, which can be detected at zero frequency, i.e., with a long time measurements. Concerning the dependance of the cross-correlator on the detectors' energy splittings, the most interesting region is at the degeneracy points, where it exhibits a sharp non-local resonance, that stems from higher order processes. We find that at certain conditions the main contribution to this resonance comes from the quantum noise. Namely, while the resonance line shape is weakly broadened by the classical noise, the height of the peak is directly proportional to the square of the quantum component of the noise spectral function.Comment: Added discussion of the time scales in the introduction and one figure. 14 pages, 8 figure

Interactive technologies in training interpreters

The article deals with the issue of using interactive technologies in the process of training interpreters. Nowadays with the integration of Ukraine into the European space interpreter training faces new challenges as it is to provide society with highly qualified specialists who are able not only to render information from one language into another, but to conduct professionally cross-cultural communication. To perform their functions properly interpreters have to master various language skills and gain professional competences and communicative competence is one of the most important. It is understood as mastering of ethno-social and psychological models and patterns, standards of verbal behaviour and their appliance. The structure of professional communicative competence of an interpreter includes the following five components: linguistic (language) competence; thematic competence, providing extra linguistic information; socio-cultural competence; compensatory competence and learning competence. All of these competences are realized in the process of professional communication that may be defined as the degree of perfection, which manifests itself in following the science-developed recommendations for the effective organization and implementation of interactive communication while solving professional tasks and problems. Interactive learning technologies can promote verbal communicative competence of the future interpreters as they provide active communication in the educational process. They may be divided into interactive technologies of cooperative education; interactive technologies of group training; interactive technologies of situational modelling; technologies of working at controversial issues. Interactive technologies form skills and develop social values, create an atmosphere of cooperation and collaboration. These technologies, involve modelling situations, using role-playing, solving joint problems, sharing and discussing ideas. So during training interpreters learn to communicate with others, think critically and creatively, make well-ground, sound decisions