Removal of Triphenylmethane Dyes by Bacterial Consortium

A new consortium of four bacterial isolates (Agrobacterium radiobacter; Bacillus spp.; Sphingomonas paucimobilis, and Aeromonas hydrophila)-(CM-4) was used to degrade and to decolorize triphenylmethane dyes. All bacteria were isolated from activated sludge extracted from a wastewater treatment station of a dyeing industry plant. Individual bacterial isolates exhibited a remarkable color-removal capability against crystal violet (50 mg/L) and malachite green (50 mg/L) dyes within 24 h. Interestingly, the microbial consortium CM-4 shows a high decolorizing percentage for crystal violet and malachite green, respectively, 91% and 99% within 2 h. The rate of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal increases after 24 h, reaching 61.5% and 84.2% for crystal violet and malachite green, respectively. UV-Visible absorption spectra, FTIR analysis and the inspection of bacterial cells growth indicated that color removal by the CM-4 was due to biodegradation. Evaluation of mutagenicity by using Salmonella typhimurium test strains, TA98 and TA100 studies revealed that the degradation of crystal violet and malachite green by CM-4 did not lead to mutagenic products. Altogether, these results demonstrated the usefulness of the bacterial consortium in the treatment of the textile dyes

Effects of industrial ironing on mechanical and dimensional properties of cotton,wool and polyester fabrics

The influence of industrial ironing cycle on low-stress mechanical properties and on dimensional changes in three selected weave fabrics has been studied. The experimental results are statistically analyzed using ANOVA. It is observed that the compressional properties measured by FAST system are the most influenced by the process of ironing. Cotton and wool fabrics show much variation in mechanical and dimensional changes compared to polyester fabric

F015 Role des fibroblastes cardiaques dans la tolérance des cardiomyocytes à l’ischémie reperfusion

ObjectifLes fibroblastes cardiaques sont la population cellulaire majoritaire du tissu cardiaque. Leurs possibles implications au cours de la séquence ischémie-reperfusion n’a jamais été étudiée. Le présent travail a donc pour but de déterminer si les fibroblastes sont impliqués dans une modulation de la cardioprotection.Matériel et MéthodesNous avons utilisé dans cette étude un modèle de cardiomyocytes de rats nouveau-nés soumis à une séquence d’ischémie-reperfusion simulées. Les cellules ont été isolées à partir de ventricules de rats nouveau nés. Les myocytes cardiaques ont été purifiés par attachements différentiels puis cultivés en présence d’un milieu de culture supplémenté en cytosine arabinoside (Ara C, 10μm). Les cardiomyocytes et les fibroblastes ont été cultivés séparément puis placés en contact direct (cultures mixtes) ou indirect (insert). Ces co-cultures ont subi une ischémie de 3H en absence de nutriments et d’O2 suivie d’une reperfusion de 20H en présence de nutriments et d’O2. Des tests de viabilité (test MTT) et de mortalité cellulaire (dosage de l’activité LDH et Troponine I) ont été effectués à la fin de la reperfusion.RésultatsNous avons montré qu’il était possible de simuler des séquences d’ischémie reperfusion et d’induire une souffrance cellulaire détectable pour une durée d’ischémie de 3H et de reperfusion de 20H. Dans les cultures mixtes (cardiomyocytes + fibroblastes), les tests MTT et LDH ont montré une amélioration de la viabilité cellulaire globale en comparaison avec la viabilité spécifique de chaque type cellulaire seul. Pour les cultures placées en insert, les tests MTT et Troponine I ont montré une amélioration de la viabilité des cardiomyocytes en présence des fibroblastes (p<0.001).ConclusionsNos résultats indiquent que les fibroblastes cardiaques semblent être impliqués dans une modulation de la cardioprotection lors de l’ischémie reperfusion. Cette modulation passe au moins en partie par des mécanismes de type paracrine et elle est dépendante de la quantité de fibroblastes en co-culture avec les cardiomyocytes

D010 Mesenchymal stem cells protect cardiomyocytes from reperfusion injury through a paracrine activation of the PI3 kinase pathway

ObjectivesPrevious data suggest that implantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) improves heart function after myocardial infarction. We investigated whether protection afforded by MSCs might involve a paracrine activation of the PI3 kinase pathway in reperfused cardiomyocytes.MethodMSCs and neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCs) were isolated and cultured separately. NRCs (2.106) were subjected to 5 hours of ischemia followed by 16 hours of reperfusion. At the time of reperfusion, NRCs (n=8-14/group) received either fresh medium (control group), or the following treatments: MSCs (2.105 MSCs in fresh medium), conditioned SN (MSCs supernatant alone (i.e. without MSCs) obtained after 8 hours of serum deprived culture), [conditioned SN + LY294002] (15 microM of LY294002 a specifi c inhibitor of PI3K), [conditioned SN + Wortmannin] (100 nM of wortmannin, a non specifi c inhibitor of PI3K), or CsA (200 nM in fresh medium) a potent inhibitor of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Cell death was assessed by LDH release in NRCs supernatant at the end of reperfusion.ResultsAs expected, LDH activity was dramatically reduced by CsA, averaging 4 % of control values. LDH activity was signifi cantly reduced by MSCs alone and by conditioned SN, averaging 29 % and 12 % of control value, respectively. Both LY294002 and wortmannin signifi cantly attenuated conditioned SN induced protection.Conclusionour data suggest that MSCs can protect NRCs from reperfusion injury through a paracrine activation of the PI3K pathway

The cientificWorldJOURNAL Research Article Removal of Triphenylmethane Dyes by Bacterial Consortium

A new consortium of four bacterial isolates (Agrobacterium radiobacter; Bacillus spp.; Sphingomonas paucimobilis, and Aeromonas hydrophila)-(CM-4) was used to degrade and to decolorize triphenylmethane dyes. All bacteria were isolated from activated sludge extracted from a wastewater treatment station of a dyeing industry plant. Individual bacterial isolates exhibited a remarkable colorremoval capability against crystal violet (50 mg/L) and malachite green (50 mg/L) dyes within 24 h. Interestingly, the microbial consortium CM-4 shows a high decolorizing percentage for crystal violet and malachite green, respectively, 91% and 99% within 2 h. The rate of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal increases after 24 h, reaching 61.5% and 84.2% for crystal violet and malachite green, respectively. UV-Visible absorption spectra, FTIR analysis and the inspection of bacterial cells growth indicated that color removal by the CM-4 was due to biodegradation. Evaluation of mutagenicity by using Salmonella typhimurium test strains, TA98 and TA100 studies revealed that the degradation of crystal violet and malachite green by CM-4 did not lead to mutagenic products. Altogether, these results demonstrated the usefulness of the bacterial consortium in the treatment of the textile dyes

Population Structure of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Five Mediterranean Countries: Evidence for Frequent Recombination and Epidemic Occurrence of CC235

Several studies in recent years have provided evidence that Pseudomonas aeruginosa has a non-clonal population structure punctuated by highly successful epidemic clones or clonal complexes. The role of recombination in the diversification of P. aeruginosa clones has been suggested, but not yet demonstrated using multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). Isolates of P. aeruginosa from five Mediterranean countries (n = 141) were subjected to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), serotyping and PCR targeting the virulence genes exoS and exoU. The occurrence of multi-resistance (≥3 antipseudomonal drugs) was analyzed with disk diffusion according to EUCAST. MLST was performed on a subset of strains (n = 110) most of them had a distinct PFGE variant. MLST data were analyzed with Bionumerics 6.0, using minimal spanning tree (MST) as well as eBURST. Measurement of clonality was assessed by the standardized index of association (IAS). Evidence of recombination was estimated by ClonalFrame as well as SplitsTree4.0. The MST analysis connected 70 sequence types, among which ST235 was by far the most common. ST235 was very frequently associated with the O11 serotype, and frequently displayed multi-resistance and the virulence genotype exoS−/exoU+. ClonalFrame linked several groups previously identified by eBURST and MST, and provided insight to the evolutionary events occurring in the population; the recombination/mutation ratio was found to be 8.4. A Neighbor-Net analysis based on the concatenated sequences revealed a complex network, providing evidence of frequent recombination. The index of association when all the strains were considered indicated a freely recombining population. P. aeruginosa isolates from the Mediterranean countries display an epidemic population structure, particularly dominated by ST235-O11, which has earlier also been coupled to the spread of ß-lactamases in many countries

Synthèse d’amido-calix[4]arènes pour la complexation et la nanochimie

Dans une première partie, la synthèse de dérivés amido-calix[4]arènes a été décrite au cours de ce travail. L’étude de l’extraction solide-liquide de sels de picrates des cations alcalins, alcalino-terreux, des métaux de transition et des métaux lourds a été réalisée par spectroscopie de RMN du proton. La stoechiométrie des complexes formés est déterminée en calculant le rapport d’intégration entre le signal des deux protons du picrate et ceux du ligand. Cette étude montre la complexation des cations, des anions et dans certains cas de la paire d’ions par nos dérivés. La stabilité des complexes formés a été suivie par étude spectrophotométrique dans l’UV et les constantes de stabilité des complexes ainsi formés ont été déterminées en utilisant le programme de calcul ‘Letagrop’. Dans une seconde partie, la sélectivité-1,3 des réactions de dialkylation des calix[4]arènes, et des réactions d’amidation nous ont permis de synthétiser des molécules hyperbranchées et des dendrimères constitués de calix[4]arènes. Nous avons en particulier synthétisé la première et la seconde génération de ces calix-dendrimères par synthèse convergente et divergente.In a first part, we describe the synthesis of amido-calix[4]arenes supporting imidazole moieties as molecular receptors. Then, we have studied the extraction, by these receptors, of solid metal picrate salts of alkaline, alkaline-earth, transition metals and heavy metals with the 1H NMR spectrometry technique. The stoichiometry of the complexes was determined as the ratio between the integration of the two protons of the picrate and those of the ligands. This study also showed in some cases the concomitant complexation of cations and anions. The stability of the complexes was determined by UV complexation studies. The constants of stability were determined using the ‘Letagrop’ program. In a second part, the 1,3-selectivity of dialkylation reactions of calix[4]arenes and reactions of amidation allowed us to prepare hyperbranched molecules and dendrimers. In particular, we have prepared the first and second generations of calix-dendrimers by the divergent and convergent methods

Effects of industrial ironing on mechanical and dimensional properties of cotton, wool and polyester fabrics

167-172<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family: " times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";mso-bidi-font-family:="" mangal;mso-ansi-language:en-gb;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:="" hi"="" lang="EN-GB">The influence of industrial ironing cycle on low-stress mechanical properties and on dimensional changes in three selected weave fabrics has been studied. The experimental results are statistically analyzed using ANOVA. It is observed that the compressional properties measured by FAST system are the most influenced by the process of ironing. Cotton and wool fabrics show much variation in mechanical and dimensional changes compared to polyester fabric.</span