Laser Printing of Gel Microdrops with Living Cells and Microorganisms

We report the results of experiments on laser printing (wavelength λ=1064 nm) with gel microdrops acting as carriers of living microbial and cellular objects. The dynamics of transport processes with the help of high-speed optical video was studied, which allows to determine characteristics of the formed gel jets and to optimize the operating mode of the laser. It is shown that laser pulses of 4 to 20 ns duration and energy E ≤ 20 μJ should be used to minimize the negative effect on living systems. The results can be used to optimize the technologies of cellular printing and laser engineering of microbial systems (LEMS). LEMS technology is used to isolate hard-cultivated and non-cultivated by classical methods of microorganisms that can act as producers of new biologically active substances and antibiotics. Keywords: laser printing, gel, microdrop, living cell, microbia

Исследование ударного воздействия механического устройства на семена озимой пшеницы

Problems of seed damage have become important in connection with the use of machines at all stages of harvesting and processing of crops. The high percentage of damaged seeds in machining significantly reduces the quantity and quality of the crop harvest. (Purpose of the study) The impact of the mechanical device on the samples of winter wheat grains and its impact on the biological potential of seeds were studied in solving the problem of preserving the integrity of the grain material. (Materials and methods) The degree of crushing and micro-damage of grains under mechanical impact on the steel plate of the model plant without and with a polymer coating was revealed. The experiment was carried out with the help of simulation system, which allows to create conditions of impact on the studied sample of wheat grains, close to the realone, to obtain objective and scientifically based data. The influence of mechanical impact typical for sowing and harvesting operations on grain was determined. A way to reduce losses of grain material and improve the quality of its processing was theoretically proved. (Results and discussion) It was found that when hitting the steel surface with a polymer coating, the percentage of grain crushing is reduced by more than 7-10 times, the micro – damage of the wheat germ is reduced 4-5 times. We summed up the theoretical basis for substantiation of the obtained experimental results. The influence of the trajectory of the grain on its integrity was determined. It was shown that the decrease in the frequency of crushing of the grain shell and micro-injuries of the seed embryo when hitting the steel plate with a polymer coating is due to a decrease in the potential energy of deformation of the seed. (Conclusions) It was found that almost all the potential energy accumulates in the steel surface of the particle, as the modulus of elasticity of the surface is tens of thousands of times greater than the modulus of elasticity of the particle (grain, seed). Upon impact on the steel surface with a polymer coating, the proportion of accumulated particle potential energy is reduced by almost a thousand times. Thus, the use of a polymer coating will reduce the loss of grain during its machining, which in general should improve the quality of the cropПроблемы травмирования семян приобрели острую актуальность в связи с применением машин на всех этапах уборки и обработки зерновых культур. Высокий процент поврежденных при механической обработке семян значительно снижает количество и качество урожая. (Цель исследования) Определить ударное воздействие механического устройства на образцы зерновки озимой пшеницы и его влияние на биологический потенциал семян в рамках решения задачи по сохранению целостности зернового материала. (Материалы и методы) Выявили степень дробления и микроповреждений зерен при механическом ударе о стальную пластину модельной установки без полимерного покрытия и с ним. Провели эксперимент с помощью специальной упрощенной моделирующей установки, позволяющей создать условия ударного воздействия на исследуемый образец зерновки пшеницы, приближенные к реальным, для получения объективных и научно обоснованных данных. Определили влияние на зерноударного механического воздействия, характерного для посевных и уборочных работ. Теоретически обосновали способ снижения потерь зернового материала и повышения качества его обработки. (Результаты и обсуждение) Установили, что при ударе о стальную поверхность с полимерным покрытием процент дробления зерновок снижается более чем в 7-10 раз, микроповреждения зародыша зерна пшеницы – в 4-5 раз. Подвели теоретическую базу для обоснования полученных экспериментальных результатов. Определили влияние траектории движения зерна на его целостность. Показали, что снижение частоты дробления оболочки зерна и микроповреждений зародыша семян при ударе о стальную пластину с полимерным покрытием обусловлено уменьшением потенциальной энергии деформации семени. (Выводы) Получили, что при ударе о стальную поверхность частицы почти вся потенциальная энергия накапливается в ней, так как модуль упругости поверхности в десятки тысяч раз больше модуля упругости частицы (зерна, семени). При ударе о стальную поверхность с полимерным покрытием доля накопленной частицей потенциальной энергии снижается почти в тысячу раз. Таким образом, применение полимерного покрытия будет способствовать снижению потерь зерна при его механической обработке, что в целом должно способствовать повышению качества урожая зерновых культу

ПРОБЛЕМЫ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ МЕДИЦИНСКОЙ ПОМОЩИ ПАЦИЕНТАМ С ДЫХАТЕЛЬНОЙ НЕДОСТАТОЧНОСТЬЮ ПРИ ВОСПАЛИТЕЛЬНОЙ ДЕМИЕЛИНИЗИРУЮЩЕЙ ПОЛИРАДИКУЛОНЕЙРОПАТИИ

The number of patients with severe forms of demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy and respiratory failure is constantly increasing. The current state of health care system and funding of medical services do not allow full compensation of the costs for provision of care for those with this disorder. Goal of the article: the specific clinical case is used to raise the awareness of the need for taking system decisions to provide treatment for the patients requiring continuous respiratory support. Legal regulations and approaches to payment for medical services are to be changed, special centers able to accumulate such patients are to be organized, care at home is to be provided. Число пациентов с тяжелыми формами демиелинизирующей полирадикулонейропатии и дыхательной недостаточностью неуклонно возрастает. Текущее состояние системы здравоохранения и финансирования медицинских услуг не позволяет в полной мере компенсировать затраты на оказание помощи больным с данной патологией. Цель работы: на примере конкретного случая привлечь внимание к необходимости принятия системных решений для организации лечения пациентов, нуждающихся в длительной респираторной поддержке. Требуются изменение законодательной базы, подходов к оплате медицинских услуг, создание специальных центров, способных аккумулировать таких пациентов, организация медицинской помощи в домашних условиях.

Организация медицинской помощи больным с тяжелыми пневмониями на фоне гриппа А/H1N1

The paper describes the way medical and intensive cares are organized to patients with complicated forms of A/H1N1 and seasonal influenzas in the Trans-Baikal Territory in the fall of 2009.В статье приведены особенности организации медицинской помощи и интенсивной терапии больным с осложненными формами гриппа A/H1N1/09 и сезонного гриппа в Забайкальском крае осенью 2009 года

Евро-Азиатское сотрудничество в области железнодорожного образования и науки

In this paper, rail education and research – focused initiatives, approaches, policies and practices are presented. Needs for integrating rail education and research in EU and Asia are identified and discussed. The SWOT-analysis conducted suggested that it would be of interest to set up a Euro-Asia cluster, which shall be focused on rail education and research to promote rail transport between both continents through cooperations, training and knowledge exchange.В статье представлены подходы, политические иннициативы и практика развития железнодорожного образования и науки. Проведен SWOT- анализ необходимости интеграции железнодорожных научных и образовательных потенциалов Европы и Азии. Предложена модель формирования Евро-Азиатского кластера железнодорожного образования и науки с целью развития высокоскоростного железнодорожного сообщения между двумя континентами

Research of Impact by Mechanical Device on Winter Wheat Seeds

Problems of seed damage have become important in connection with the use of machines at all stages of harvesting and processing of crops. The high percentage of damaged seeds in machining significantly reduces the quantity and quality of the crop harvest. (Purpose of the study) The impact of the mechanical device on the samples of winter wheat grains and its impact on the biological potential of seeds were studied in solving the problem of preserving the integrity of the grain material. (Materials and methods) The degree of crushing and micro-damage of grains under mechanical impact on the steel plate of the model plant without and with a polymer coating was revealed. The experiment was carried out with the help of simulation system, which allows to create conditions of impact on the studied sample of wheat grains, close to the realone, to obtain objective and scientifically based data. The influence of mechanical impact typical for sowing and harvesting operations on grain was determined. A way to reduce losses of grain material and improve the quality of its processing was theoretically proved. (Results and discussion) It was found that when hitting the steel surface with a polymer coating, the percentage of grain crushing is reduced by more than 7-10 times, the micro – damage of the wheat germ is reduced 4-5 times. We summed up the theoretical basis for substantiation of the obtained experimental results. The influence of the trajectory of the grain on its integrity was determined. It was shown that the decrease in the frequency of crushing of the grain shell and micro-injuries of the seed embryo when hitting the steel plate with a polymer coating is due to a decrease in the potential energy of deformation of the seed. (Conclusions) It was found that almost all the potential energy accumulates in the steel surface of the particle, as the modulus of elasticity of the surface is tens of thousands of times greater than the modulus of elasticity of the particle (grain, seed). Upon impact on the steel surface with a polymer coating, the proportion of accumulated particle potential energy is reduced by almost a thousand times. Thus, the use of a polymer coating will reduce the loss of grain during its machining, which in general should improve the quality of the cro

ORGANISATION OF MEDICAL CARE FOR PATIENTS WITH RESPIRATORY FAILURE SUFFERING FROM INFLAMMATORY DEMYELINATING POLYRADICULONEUROPATHY

The number of patients with severe forms of demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy and respiratory failure is constantly increasing. The current state of health care system and funding of medical services do not allow full compensation of the costs for provision of care for those with this disorder. Goal of the article: the specific clinical case is used to raise the awareness of the need for taking system decisions to provide treatment for the patients requiring continuous respiratory support. Legal regulations and approaches to payment for medical services are to be changed, special centers able to accumulate such patients are to be organized, care at home is to be provided

Initial soil formation by biocrusts: Nitrogen demand and clay protection control microbial necromass accrual and recycling

Microbial biomass is increasingly considered to be the main source of organic carbon (C) sequestration in soils. Quantitative information on the contribution of microbial necromass to soil organic carbon (SOC) formation and the factors driving necromass accumulation, decomposition and stabilization during the initial soil formation in biological crusts (biocrusts) is absent. To address this knowledge gap, we investigated the composition of microbial necromass and its contributions to SOC sequestration in a biocrust formation sequence consisting of five stages: bare sand, cyanobacteria stage, cyanobacteria-moss stage, moss-cyanobacteria stage, and moss stage on sandy parent material on the Loess Plateau. The fungal and bacterial necromass C content in soil was analyzed based on amino sugars - the cell wall biomarker. Microbial necromass was an important source of SOC, and was incorporated into the particulate and mineral-associated organic C (MAOC). Because bacteria have smaller and thinner cell wall fragments as well as more proteins than fungi, bacterial necromass mainly contributed to the MAOC pool, while fungal residues remained more in the particulate organic C (POC). MAOC pool was saturated fast with the increase of microbial necromass, and POC more rapid accumulation than MAOC suggests that the clay content was the limiting factor for stable C accumulation in this sandy soil. The necromass exceeding the MAOC stabilization level was stored in the labile POC pool (especially necromass from fungi). Activities of four enzymes (i.e., β-1,4-glucosidase, β-1,4-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase, leucine aminopeptidase, and alkaline phosphatase) increasing with fungal and bacterial necromass suggest that the raised activity of living microorganisms accelerated the turnover and formation of necromass. Microbial N limitation raised the production of N acquisition enzymes (e.g., β-1,4-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase and leucine aminopeptidase) to break down necromass compounds, leading to further increase of the nutrient pool in soil solution. The decrease of microbial N limitation along the biocrusts formation chronosequence is an important factor for the necromass accumulation during initial soil development. High microbial N demands and insufficient clay protection lead to fast necromass reutilization by microorganisms and thus, result in a low necromass accumulation coefficient, that is, the ratio of microbial necromass to living microbial biomass (on average, 9.6). Consequently, microbial necromass contribution to SOC during initial soil formation by biocrust is lower (12–25%) than in fully developed soils (33%–60%, literature data). Nitrogen (N) limitation of microorganisms and an increased ratio between N-acquiring enzyme activities and microbial N, as well as limited clay protection, resulted in a low contribution of microbial necromass to SOC by initial formation of biocrust-covered sandy soil. Summarizing, soil development leads not only to SOC accumulation, but also to increased contribution of microbial necromass to SOC, whereas the plant litter contribution decreases. © 2022 Elsevier Lt