Address: The Impact of Separation of Powers on National Security

Federalists, I give you the former six-term congressman from Wyoming, the former Chief of Staff to President Ford, and the individual who, as much as anyone in Congress, made Gorbachev the man he is today-Secretary of Defense Dick Cheney

The Cape Ann Plutonic Suite: A Field Trip for Petrology Classes

Cape Ann, because of its proximity to Boston and many universities, has long been a focus of geologic study. Nineteenth century papers that consider mineralogy or petrology of Cape Ann rocks include Prescott (1839), Nichols (1856), Kimball (1860), Gregory (1862), Mudge (1862), Balch (1864), Cooke (1866, 1867), Knowlton (1867), Hyatt (1869, 1871a,b), Hunt (1871), Wadsworth (1878, 1882a,b, 1885), McDaniel (1884), Sears (1888, 1889, 1890a, 1891a,b, 1893a,b, 1894a,b, 1895, 1898), Shaler (1889), Pearce (1893), Penfield and Forbes (1896), and Washington (1898a,b,c, 1899a,b,c,d). More recent studies of note include Wright (1900), Clapp (1921), Warren and McKinstry (1924), Bowen and Schairer (1935), Palache (1950), Toulmin (1964a,b), Dennen (1976, 1981, 1991a,b, 1992), Zen et al. (1983), Goldsmith (1991), Wones and Goldsmith (1991), Hon et al. (1993), Hepburn et al. (1993, 1998, 2004), and Hepburn and Bailey (1998). With this long history of study, Cape Ann offers an unusual wealth of data and opinion to match the extensive, interesting, and beautiful outcrops that occur there, making it a destination of choice for petrologists. For many years, we have been jointly taking our petrology classes on a one-day field trip to the Cape Ann region to see and discuss igneous rocks in a spectacular setting. We have found this to be a very rewarding experience both for us and for our students. We offer this NEIGC trip to share with others what we think are the best teaching stops, some comments about teaching strategies, diagrams that may be useful for teaching about Cape Ann, and our current understanding of the geologic history of the Cape Ann Plutonic Suite. This is not a trip about new research, although our students have collected data over the years that are included in some of the figures. Instead, it is a chance to look at some great rocks and to discuss the research that others have done in the region beginning in the mid-19th century.

Laser photogrammetry reveals variation in growth and early survival in free-ranging bottlenose dolphins

Acknowledgements Many thanks to the Chicago Zoological Society team for their assistance during photo-identification surveys in Sarasota, Florida and the Scottish Marine Animal Stranding Scheme and University of North Carolina Wilmington Marine Mammal Stranding Program for providing measurements of stranded bottlenose dolphins. Thanks to Holly Fearnbach and Isla Graham for statistical advice, to Hera Sengers and all our fieldwork assistants for their fieldwork support and to four anonymous reviewers who kindly provided comments on the manuscript. Scottish Natural Heritage, Department of Energy and Climate Change, Beatrice Offshore Windfarm Ltd, Moray Offshore Renewables Ltd, Marine Scotland, The Crown Estate and Highlands and Islands Enterprise all provided funding for photo-identification surveys. Survey work was conducted under Scottish Natural Heritage Animal Scientific LicencesPeer reviewedPublisher PD

First-Order Provenance Games

We propose a new model of provenance, based on a game-theoretic approach to query evaluation. First, we study games G in their own right, and ask how to explain that a position x in G is won, lost, or drawn. The resulting notion of game provenance is closely related to winning strategies, and excludes from provenance all "bad moves", i.e., those which unnecessarily allow the opponent to improve the outcome of a play. In this way, the value of a position is determined by its game provenance. We then define provenance games by viewing the evaluation of a first-order query as a game between two players who argue whether a tuple is in the query answer. For RA+ queries, we show that game provenance is equivalent to the most general semiring of provenance polynomials N[X]. Variants of our game yield other known semirings. However, unlike semiring provenance, game provenance also provides a "built-in" way to handle negation and thus to answer why-not questions: In (provenance) games, the reason why x is not won, is the same as why x is lost or drawn (the latter is possible for games with draws). Since first-order provenance games are draw-free, they yield a new provenance model that combines how- and why-not provenance