Probability Matching versus Probability Maximization in Morphophonology: The Case of Korean Noun Inflection

韓国語名詞の屈折において接語のない形が基底形であるという分析に対し、歴史的に保守的な形が基底形である分析が紹介され、２つの分析が比較される。後者に問題があることが示され、前者の妥当性が確認される。その結論を確立した上で、基底形X が複数のYiと交替する場合に、話者が複数の確率規則を立てるか最も頻度の高い交替のみを規則とするかという問題が検討される。既存の語幹、新しい語幹に対し、変異の有無に関する予測がそれぞれの分析方法に応じて生成され、インターネットおよび新しい韓国語字幕コーパスにおける検索をもとに、その予測が検証される。最も頻度の高い交替のみが音韻化され、少数交替は確率規則としてではなく、語彙目録の情報として表示されることが結論になる。The assumption that speakers take isolation forms as basic in Korean noun inflection is confronted with an alternative according to which historically conservative forms are basic. That alternative is shown to be problematic, validating the original assumption. With that conclusion in place, the question of whether speakers analyze cases in which basic X alternates with multiple Yi by postulating multiple stochastic rules or by taking only the most frequent alternation as regular is raised. Predictions regarding the presence or absence of variation in innovative and established stems are generated for each mode of analysis, and searches of a new Korean subtitle corpus and of the internet are used to test those predictions. The conclusion is reached that only the most frequent alternation is phonologized; minor alternations are represented in the lexicon rather than as probabilistic rules

Relationship Between Supervisor Locus Of Control And Employee Satisfaction In A Residential Care Facility

The goal of this research was to identify factors that may contribute to employee satisfaction. Review of the literature revealed potential factors influencing employee satisfaction, such as locus of control, difficulty of the work itself, and working conditions. These literature findings guided this research, to establish if a relationship existed between employee satisfaction of caregivers employed in a developmental institution and locus of control. Supervisors and their employees were given a locus of control scale; employees were additionally given a job satisfaction survey. The relationship between the supervisors\u27 locus of control and employee satisfaction was evaluated as well as the relationship between the employees\u27 locus of control and their job satisfaction. The resignation rate and rate of transfers within the agency were established for each of the supervisors and were assessed in relationship to the locus of control of the supervisors. Factors such as the level of physical exertion required by employees in their job duties and the level of behavioral intervention in their homes were assessed as they related to their own job satisfaction, their transfers, and their rates of resignations. Findings from the correlation procedures revealed no relationship to a statistically significant degree between the locus of control of supervisors and their employees\u27 job satisfaction. The locus of control of supervisors was also not found to be statistically significantly correlated with the numbers of employee transfers within the organization; however, a relationship between the locus of control of supervisors and employee resignations was established. The supervisors who had an internal locus of control had fewer resignations. A statistically significant negative relationship was also found between employees\u27 job satisfaction and their own locus of control. The employees who had an internal locus of control reported higher job satisfaction. Although there was no relationship established between the employees\u27 job satisfaction and type of exertion, there was a statistically significant negative relationship between behavioral exertion and requests for inter-agency transfers and resignations, and a positive correlation between physical exertion and number of resignations. Results of this study suggest that locus of control is an impacting variable for job satisfaction and turnover. Combining attribution training with effective management practices with all employees may increase employee satisfaction. Findings from this research suggest a need for a better refinement of the theoretical construct of job satisfaction and a need to evaluate the effectiveness of the instrumentation currently used to determine job satisfaction

On the origin of variable structures in the winds of hot luminous stars

Examination of the temporal variability properties of several strong optical recombination lines in a large sample of Galactic Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars reveals possible trends, especially in the more homogeneous WC than the diverse WN subtypes, of increasing wind variability with cooler subtypes. This could imply that a serious contender for the driver of the variations is stochastic, magnetic subsurface convection associated with the 170 kK partial-ionization zone of iron, which should occupy a deeper and larger zone of greater mass in cooler WR subtypes. This empirical evidence suggests that the heretofore proposed ubiquitous driver of wind variability, radiative instabilities, may not be the only mechanism playing a role in the stochastic multiple small-scaled structures seen in the winds of hot luminous stars. In addition to small-scale stochastic behaviour, subsurface convection guided by a global magnetic field with localized emerging loops may also be at the origin of the large-scale corotating interaction regions as seen frequently in O stars and occasionally in the winds of their descendant WR stars.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures and 2 tables. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 201

Descartes, corpuscles and reductionism : mechanism and systems in Descartes' physiology

I argue that Descartes explains physiology in terms of whole systems, and not in terms of the size, shape and motion of tiny corpuscles (corpuscular mechanics). It is a standard, entrenched view that Descartes’s proper means of explanation in the natural world is through strict reduction to corpuscular mechanics. This view is bolstered by a handful of corpuscular-mechanical explanations in Descartes’s physics, which have been taken to be representative of his treatment of all natural phenomena. However, Descartes’s explanations of the ‘principal parts’ of physiology do not follow the corpuscular–mechanical pattern. Des Chene (2001) has identified systems in Descartes’s account of physiology, but takes them ultimately to reduce down to the corpuscle level. I argue that they do not. Rather, Descartes maintains entire systems, with components selected from multiple levels of organisation, in order to construct more complete explanations than corpuscular mechanics alone would allow