A weighted least squares solution for space intersection of spaceborne stereo SAR data

The use of stereoscopic SAR images offers an alternative to interferometric SAR for the generation of digital elevation models (DEMs). The stereo radargrammetric method is robust and can generate DEMs of sufficient accuracy to geocode SAR images. Previous work has shown that ground coordinates with accuracy of four times the resolution cell can be obtained from ERS data without using any ground control points (GCPs), where the high accuracy of the orbit and satellite position of the order of metres introduce insignificant errors into the intersection procedure. The orbit data for RADARSAT is not as accurate as that for ERS, and the perpendicular relationship between the resultant velocity vector and the resultant range vector is uncertain in terms of image geometry. Hence, it is necessary to refine the method to allow for possible errors. This paper introduces a weighted space intersection algorithm based on an analysis of the predicted errors. A radargrammetric error model for observation errors is also formulated to predict the accuracy of the algorithm. The revised method can be used without any GCPs, but this can lead to systematic errors due to less accurate orbit data, and it has been found that the use of two GCPs provides a reasonable solution. The method is insensitive to the spatial distribution of GCPs, which is often critical in traditional methods. The error statistics of the results generated from 32 independent check points, distributed through the entire SAR image, approach the predicted errors and give positional accuracy of 38 m in three dimensions

Offline to Online Conversion

We consider the problem of converting offline estimators into an online predictor or estimator with small extra regret. Formally this is the problem of merging a collection of probability measures over strings of length 1,2,3,... into a single probability measure over infinite sequences. We describe various approaches and their pros and cons on various examples. As a side-result we give an elementary non-heuristic purely combinatoric derivation of Turing's famous estimator. Our main technical contribution is to determine the computational complexity of online estimators with good guarantees in general.Comment: 20 LaTeX page

Toroidal circular dichroism

We demonstrate that the induced toroidal dipole, represented by currents flowing on the surface of a torus, makes a distinct and indispensable contribution to circular dichroism. We show that toroidal circular dichroism supplements the well-known mechanism involving electric dipole and magnetic dipole transitions. We illustrate this with rigorous analysis of the experimentally measured, polarization-sensitive transmission spectra of an artificial metamaterial, constructed from elements of toroidal symmetry. We argue that toroidal circular dichroism shall be found in large biomolecules with elements of toroidal symmetry and should be taken into account in the interpretation of circular dichroism spectra of organics

Fishing over the sides or over the stern: does it matter : comparison of two fishing methodologies in the Wadden Sea Demersal Fish Survey

Since 1972, the Demersal Fish Survey (DFS) in the Wadden Sea has been carried out with the RV Stern. Within a few years this vessel will be replaced by another vessel as a result of the current ship replacement policy of Rijkswaterstaat Rijksrederij. It is not yet clear which vessel will replace RV Stern. In the search for a new vessel the main question is if fishing over the sides is needed, or if fishing over the stern is possible without a major effect on catch efficiency. Especially in shallow waters, catch efficiency may be affected by fishing over the stern, because of the current created by the ship’s propeller. To be able to continue the use of the long and valuable time-series the shift in vessel should not lead to a different gear efficiency

Integrable twists in AdS/CFT

A class of marginal deformations of four-dimensional N=4 super Yang-Mills theory has been found to correspond to a set of smooth, multiparameter deformations of the S^5 target subspace in the holographic dual on AdS_5 x S^5. We present here an analogous set of deformations that act on global toroidal isometries in the AdS_5 subspace. Remarkably, certain sectors of the string theory remain classically integrable in this larger class of so-called gamma-deformed AdS_5 x S^5 backgrounds. Relying on studies of deformed su(2)_gamma models, we formulate a local sl(2)_gamma Lax representation that admits a classical, thermodynamic Bethe equation (based on the Riemann-Hilbert interpretation of Bethe's ansatz) encoding the spectrum in the deformed AdS_5 geometry. This result is extended to a set of discretized, asymptotic Bethe equations for the twisted string theory. Near-pp-wave energy spectra within sl(2)_gamma and su(2)_gamma sectors provide a useful and stringent test of such equations, demonstrating the reliability of this technology in a wider class of string backgrounds. In addition, we study a twisted Hubbard model that yields certain predictions of the dual beta-deformed gauge theory.Comment: v2: references and clarifications added, 46 page

Dark matter search results from the complete exposure of the PICO-60 C3F8 bubble chamber

[EN] Final results are reported from operation of the PICO-60 C3F8 dark matter detector, a bubble chamber filled with 52 kg of C3F8 located in the SNOLAB underground laboratory. The chamber was operated at thermodynamic thresholds as low as 1.2 keV without loss of stability. A new blind 1404-kg-day exposure at 2.45 keV threshold was acquired with approximately the same expected total background rate as the previous 1167-kg-day exposure at 3.3 keV. This increased exposure is enabled in part by a new optical tracking analysis to better identify events near detector walls, permitting a larger fiducial volume. These results set the most stringent direct-detection constraint to date on the weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP)-proton spin-dependent cross section at 3.2 x 10(-41) cm(2) for a 25 GeV WIMP, improving on previous PICO results for 3-5 GeV WIMPs by an order of magnitude.The PICO Collaboration wishes to thank SNOLAB and its staff for support through underground space, logistical and technical services. SNOLAB operations are supported by the Canada Foundation for Innovation and the Province of Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation, with underground access provided by Vale at the Creighton mine site. We are grateful to Genevieve Belanger and Alexander Pukhov of the Universit e de Savoie for their useful correspondence regarding the interpretation of PICO results. We wish to acknowledge the support of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and the Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) for funding. We acknowledge the support from the National Science Foundation (NSF) (Grants No. 0919526, No. 1506337, No. 1242637, No. 1205987, and No. 1806722). We acknowledge that this work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics (under Award No. DE-SC-0012161), by the DOE Office of Science Graduate Student Research (SCGSR) award, by DGAPA-UNAM (PAPIIT No. IA100118) and Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT, Mexico, Grants No. 252167 and No. A1-S-8960), by the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE), Government of India, under the Centre for AstroParticle Physics II project (CAPP-II) at the Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics (SINP), European Regional Development FundProject "Engineering applications of microworld physics" (No. CZ. 02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000766), and the Spanish (Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities) Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades (Red Consolider MultiDark, FPA2017-90566-REDC). This work is partially supported by the Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago through NSF Grant No. 1125897, and an endowment from the Kavli Foundation and its founder Fred Kavli. We also wish to acknowledge the support from Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359, and from Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, which is operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-76RL01830. We also thank Compute Canada (www.computecanada.ca) and the Centre for Advanced Computing, ACENET, Calcul Quebec, Compute Ontario and WestGrid for computational support.Amole, C.; Ardid Ramírez, M.; Arnquist, I.; Asner, DM.; Baxter, D.; Behnke, E.; Bressler, M.... (2019). Dark matter search results from the complete exposure of the PICO-60 C3F8 bubble chamber. Physical Review D: covering particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology. 100(2):1-9. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.100.022001191002Olive, K. A. 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AN INDIRECT SEARCH FOR WEAKLY INTERACTING MASSIVE PARTICLES IN THE SUN USING 3109.6 DAYS OF UPWARD-GOING MUONS IN SUPER-KAMIOKANDE. The Astrophysical Journal, 742(2), 78. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/742/2/78Choi, K., Abe, K., Haga, Y., Hayato, Y., Iyogi, K., Kameda, J., … Nakahata, M. (2015). Search for Neutrinos from Annihilation of Captured Low-Mass Dark Matter Particles in the Sun by Super-Kamiokande. Physical Review Letters, 114(14). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.114.141301Akerib, D. S., Araújo, H. M., Bai, X., Bailey, A. J., Balajthy, J., Beltrame, P., … Boulton, E. M. (2016). Results on the Spin-Dependent Scattering of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles on Nucleons from the Run 3 Data of the LUX Experiment. Physical Review Letters, 116(16). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.116.161302Adrián-Martínez, S., Albert, A., André, M., Anton, G., Ardid, M., Aubert, J.-J., … Basa, S. (2016). Limits on dark matter annihilation in the sun using the ANTARES neutrino telescope. 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A Guide to Localized Frames and Applications to Galerkin-like Representations of Operators

This chapter offers a detailed survey on intrinsically localized frames and the corresponding matrix representation of operators. We re-investigate the properties of localized frames and the associated Banach spaces in full detail. We investigate the representation of operators using localized frames in a Galerkin-type scheme. We show how the boundedness and the invertibility of matrices and operators are linked and give some sufficient and necessary conditions for the boundedness of operators between the associated Banach spaces.Comment: 32 page

The 3D Structure of N132D in the LMC: A Late-Stage Young Supernova Remnant

We have used the Wide Field Spectrograph (WiFeS) on the 2.3m telescope at Siding Spring Observatory to map the [O III] 5007{\AA} dynamics of the young oxygen-rich supernova remnant N132D in the Large Magellanic Cloud. From the resultant data cube, we have been able to reconstruct the full 3D structure of the system of [O III] filaments. The majority of the ejecta form a ring of ~12pc in diameter inclined at an angle of 25 degrees to the line of sight. We conclude that SNR N132D is approaching the end of the reverse shock phase before entering the fully thermalized Sedov phase of evolution. We speculate that the ring of oxygen-rich material comes from ejecta in the equatorial plane of a bipolar explosion, and that the overall shape of the SNR is strongly influenced by the pre-supernova mass loss from the progenitor star. We find tantalizing evidence of a polar jet associated with a very fast oxygen-rich knot, and clear evidence that the central star has interacted with one or more dense clouds in the surrounding ISM.Comment: Accepted for Publication in Astrophysics & Space Science, 18pp, 8 figure