312,505 research outputs found
Searching for radiative pumping lines of OH masers: II. The 53.3um absorption line towards 1612MHz OH maser sources
This paper analyzes the 53.3um line in the ISO LWS spectra towards a similar
sample of OH/IR sources. We find 137 LWS spectra covering 53.3um and associated
with 47 galactic OH/IR sources. Ten of these galactic OH/IR sources are found
to show and another 5 ones tentatively show the 53.3um absorption while another
7 sources highly probably do not show this line. The source class is found to
be correlated with the type of spectral profile: red supergiants (RSGs) and AGB
stars tend to show strong blue-shifted filling emission in their 53.3um
absorption line profiles while HII regions tend to show a weak red-shifted
filling emission in the line profile. GC sources and megamasers do not show
filling emission feature. It is argued that the filling emission might be the
manifestation of an unresolved half emission half absorption profile of the
53.3um doublet. The 53.3 to 34.6um equivalent width (EW) ratio is close to
unity for RSGs but much larger than unity for GC sources and megamasers while H
II regions only show the 53.3um line. The pump rate defined as maser to IR
photon flux ratio is approximately 5% for RSGs. The pump rates of GC sources
are three order of magnitude smaller. Both the large 53.3 to 34.6um EW ratio
and the small pump rate of the GC OH masers reflect that the two detected
`pumping lines' in these sources are actually of interstellar origin. The pump
rate of Arp 220 is 32%--much larger than that of RSGs, which indicates that the
contribution of other pumping mechanisms to this megamaser is important.Comment: 34 pages, 12 figures, 4 table
Transonic Shocks In Multidimensional Divergent Nozzles
We establish existence, uniqueness and stability of transonic shocks for
steady compressible non-isentropic potential flow system in a multidimensional
divergent nozzle with an arbitrary smooth cross-section, for a prescribed exit
pressure. The proof is based on solving a free boundary problem for a system of
partial differential equations consisting of an elliptic equation and a
transport equation. In the process, we obtain unique solvability for a class of
transport equations with velocity fields of weak regularity(non-Lipschitz), an
infinite dimensional weak implicit mapping theorem which does not require
continuous Frechet differentiability, and regularity theory for a class of
elliptic partial differential equations with discontinuous oblique boundary
conditions.Comment: 54 page
Effects of noise suppression and envelope dynamic range compression on the intelligibility of vocoded sentences for a tonal language
Vocoder simulation studies have suggested that the carrier signal type employed affects the intelligibility of vocoded speech. The present work further assessed how carrier signal type interacts with additional signal processing, namely, single-channel noise suppression and envelope dynamic range compression, in determining the intelligibility of vocoder simulations. In Experiment 1, Mandarin sentences that had been corrupted by speech spectrum-shaped noise (SSN) or two-talker babble (2TB) were processed by one of four single-channel noise-suppression algorithms before undergoing tone-vocoded (TV) or noise-vocoded (NV) processing. In Experiment 2, dynamic ranges of multiband envelope waveforms were compressed by scaling of the mean-removed envelope waveforms with a compression factor before undergoing TV or NV processing. TV Mandarin sentences yielded higher intelligibility scores with normal-hearing (NH) listeners than did noise-vocoded sentences. The intelligibility advantage of noise-suppressed vocoded speech depended on the masker type (SSN vs 2TB). NV speech was more negatively influenced by envelope dynamic range compression than was TV speech. These findings suggest that an interactional effect exists between the carrier signal type employed in the vocoding process and envelope distortion caused by signal processing
Formation of ultracold LiRb molecules by photoassociation near the Li (2s 2S1/2) + Rb (5p 2P1/2) asymptote
We report the production of ultracold 7Li85Rb molecules by photoassociation
(PA) below the Li (2s 2S1/2) + Rb (5p 2P1/2) asymptote. We perform PA
spectroscopy in a dual-species 7Li-85Rb magneto-optical trap (MOT) and detect
the PA resonances using trap loss spectroscopy. We observe several strong PA
resonances corresponding to the last few bound states, assign the lines and
derive the long range C6 dispersion coefficients for the Li (2s 2S1/2) + Rb (5p
2P1/2) asymptote. We also report an excited-state molecule formation rate
(P_LiRb) of ~10^7 s^-1 and a PA rate coefficient (K_PA) of ~4x10^-11 cm^3/s,
which are both among the highest observed for heteronuclear bi-alkali
molecules. These suggest that PA is a promising route for the creation of
ultracold ground state LiRb molecules.Comment: 6 page
Spin Structure of the Nucleon - Status and Recent Results
After the initial discovery of the so-called "spin crisis in the parton
model" in the 1980's, a large set of polarization data in deep inelastic
lepton-nucleon scattering was collected at labs like SLAC, DESY and CERN. More
recently, new high precision data at large x and in the resonance region have
come from experiments at Jefferson Lab. These data, in combination with the
earlier ones, allow us to study in detail the polarized parton densities, the
Q^2 dependence of various moments of spin structure functions, the duality
between deep inelastic and resonance data, and the nucleon structure in the
valence quark region. Together with complementary data from HERMES, RHIC and
COMPASS, we can put new limits on the flavor decomposition and the gluon
contribution to the nucleon spin. In this report, we provide an overview of our
present knowledge of the nucleon spin structure and give an outlook on future
experiments. We focus in particular on the spin structure functions g_1 and g_2
of the nucleon and their moments.Comment: 69 pages, 46 figures. Report to be published in "Progress in Particle
and Nuclear Physics". v2 with added references and minor edit
A two-layer multiple-time-scale turbulence model and grid independence study
A two-layer multiple-time-scale turbulence model is presented. The near-wall model is based on the classical Kolmogorov-Prandtl turbulence hypothesis and the semi-empirical logarithmic law of the wall. In the two-layer model presented, the computational domain of the conservation of mass equation and the mean momentum equation penetrated up to the wall, where no slip boundary condition has been prescribed; and the near wall boundary of the turbulence equations has been located at the fully turbulent region, yet very close to the wall, where the standard wall function method has been applied. Thus, the conservation of mass constraint can be satisfied more rigorously in the two-layer model than in the standard wall function method. In most of the two-layer turbulence models, the number of grid points to be used inside the near-wall layer posed the issue of computational efficiency. The present finite element computational results showed that the grid independent solutions were obtained with as small as two grid points, i.e., one quadratic element, inside the near wall layer. Comparison of the computational results obtained by using the two-layer model and those obtained by using the wall function method is also presented
A multiple-time-scale turbulence model based on variable partitioning of turbulent kinetic energy spectrum
A multiple-time-scale turbulence model of a single point closure and a simplified split-spectrum method is presented. In the model, the effect of the ratio of the production rate to the dissipation rate on eddy viscosity is modeled by use of the multiple-time-scales and a variable partitioning of the turbulent kinetic energy spectrum. The concept of a variable partitioning of the turbulent kinetic energy spectrum and the rest of the model details are based on the previously reported algebraic stress turbulence model. Example problems considered include: a fully developed channel flow, a plane jet exhausting into a moving stream, a wall jet flow, and a weakly coupled wake-boundary layer interaction flow. The computational results compared favorably with those obtained by using the algebraic stress turbulence model as well as experimental data. The present turbulence model, as well as the algebraic stress turbulence model, yielded significantly improved computational results for the complex turbulent boundary layer flows, such as the wall jet flow and the wake boundary layer interaction flow, compared with available computational results obtained by using the standard kappa-epsilon turbulence model
Is the CMB asymmetry due to the kinematic dipole?
Parity violation found in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation is
a crucial clue for the non-standard cosmological model or the possible
contamination of various foreground residuals and/or calibration of the CMB
data sets. In this paper, we study the directional properties of the CMB parity
asymmetry by excluding the modes in the definition of parity parameters.
We find that the preferred directions of the parity parameters coincide with
the CMB kinematic dipole, which implies that the CMB parity asymmetry may be
connected with the possible contamination of the residual dipole component. We
also find that such tendency is not only localized at , but in the
extended multipole ranges up to .Comment: 17 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables, improved version, ApJ accepte
Stability Of contact discontinuity for steady Euler System in infinite duct
In this paper, we prove structural stability of contact discontinuities for
full Euler system
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