The incremental harmonic balance method for nonlinear vibration of axially moving beams

In this paper, the incremental harmonic balance (IHB) method is formulated for the nonlinear vibration analysis of axially moving beams. The Galerkin method is used to discretize the governing equations. A high-dimensional model that can take nonlinear model coupling into account is derived. The forced response of an axially moving strip with internal resonance between the first two transverse modes is studied. Particular attention is paid to the fundamental, superharmonic and subharmonic resonance as the excitation frequency is close to the first, second or one-third of the first natural frequency of the system. Numerical results reveal the rich and interesting nonlinear phenomena that have not been presented in the existent literature on the nonlinear vibration of axially moving media. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.postprin

Randomized comparison of group versus individual educational interventions for pregnant women to reduce their secondhand smoke exposure

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Epidemiological characteristics of Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1-2009) in Zhanjiang, China

Background: A novel influenza A virus strain (H1N1-2009) spread first in Mexico and the United Stated in late April 2009, leading to the first influenza pandemic of the 21st century. The objective of this study was to determine the epidemiological and virological characteristics of the pandemic influenza A (H1N1-2009) in Zhanjiang, China. Methods: The case and outbreak reports of influenza-like illness (ILI) were collected from the Chinese information system of disease control and prevention and the influenza surveillance system of Zhanjiang city. Real-time RT-PCR was conducted, and epidemic and virological characteristics of the virus were analyzed using descriptive epidemiological methods and Chi-square trend tests. Results: A total of 276 reported cases were confirmed from July 16, 2009 to June 30, 2010. The attack rate of outbreak was from 1.1% to 6.0%. The disease peak occurred in December 2009, after which the outbreak subsided gradually. The last case was confirmed in April 2010. Conclusion: The main population struck by the H1N1-2009 virus was young adults, youths and children. The outbreaks most frequently occurred in schools, and most cases were acquired locally

Basel risk weights, asset correlations, and book-to-market equity: evidence from Asian countries

We examine the effect of firm book-to-market equity values (BE/ME) on asset correlations which play an important role in determining risk weights under the current Basel capital requirements. Using firms in China, Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, Singapore and Taiwan over a sample period from 1988 to 2013, we find that BE/ME has a negative effect on asset correlations. This suggests a role for BE/ME as an additional factor in determining asset correlations, and thus risk weights, also potentially reducing incentives for regulatory capital arbitrage

Effect of water vapor on the spallation of thermal barrier coating systems during laboratory cyclic oxidation testing.

The effect of water and water vapor on the lifetime of Ni-based superalloy samples coated with a typical thermal barrier coating system—b-(Ni,Pt)Al bond coat and yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) top coat deposited by electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) was studied. Samples were thermally cycled to 1,150 C and subjected to a water-drop test in order to elucidate the effect of water vapor on thermal barrier coating (TBC) spallation. It was shown that the addition of water promotes spallation of TBC samples after a given number of cycles at 1,150 C. This threshold was found to be equal to 170 cycles for the present system. Systems based on b-NiAl bond coat or on Pt-rich c/c0 bond coat were also sensitive to the water-drop test. Moreover, it was shown that water vapor in ambient air after minutes or hours at room temperature, promotes also TBC spallation once the critical number of cycles has been reached. This desktop spalling (DTS) can be prevented by locking up the cycled samples in a dry atmosphere box. These results for TBC systems confirm and document Smialek’s theory about DTS and moisture induced delayed spalling (MIDS) being the same phenomenon. Finally, the mechanisms implying hydrogen embrittlement or surface tension modifications are discussed

下地壳及壳慢过渡带化学不均一性 -- 河北汉诺坝地区深源捕虏体元素地球化学证据

河北汉诺坝玄武岩中长英质麻粒岩、镁铁质麻粒岩和辉石岩捕虏体的主量元素和微量元素特征, 反映了下地壳及壳鳗过渡带组成具有高度化学不均一性。不相容元素原始地慢标准化曲线特征的差异表明捕虏体成因复杂。MgO 与不相容元素无或仅有很弱的相关性, 与相容元素的相关性则相对较明显。这些特征反映了下地壳及壳慢过渡带存在较强和多元的混合作用。捕虏体的加权平均值比基于麻粒岩地体资料估算的下地壳平均组成偏基性, 揭示了二者可能的成因差异。The major and trace element data of granulite and pyroxenite xenoliths, which are entrained in Hannuoba basalt Hebei Province, North China, suggest the highly chemical heterogeneity in the lower crust and crust-mantle transitional zone. There is no or only POor linear correlation between MgO and incompatible elements. Whereas a bit remarked correlations are observed between MgO and most compatible elements.The geochemical characteristics suggest that the strong and multiple mixing processes may have Occurred universally both in the lower crust and crust-mantle transitional zone. The weighed average composition of xenoliths shows a more mafic composition of the lower crust than that estimated from granulite data, which may imply the difference in the genesis.published_or_final_versio