On the partial Π \Pi -property of some subgroups of prime power order of finite groups

Let $H$ be a subgroup of a finite group $G$. We say that $H$ satisfies the partial $\Pi$-property in $G$ if if there exists a chief series $\varGamma_{G}: 1 =G_{0} < G_{1} < \cdot\cdot\cdot < G_{n}= G$ of $G$ such that for every $G$-chief factor $G_{i}/G_{i-1} (1\leq i\leq n)$ of $\varGamma_{G}$, $| G / G_{i-1} : N_{G/G_{i-1}} (HG_{i-1}/G_{i-1}\cap G_{i}/G_{i-1})|$ is a $\pi (HG_{i-1}/G_{i-1}\cap G_{i}/G_{i-1})$-number. In this paper, we study the influence of some subgroups of prime power order satisfying the partial $\Pi$-property on the structure of a finite group.Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2304.11451. text overlap with arXiv:1301.6361 by other author

Population genetic structure of Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes on Lake Victoria islands, west Kenya

BACKGROUND: Understanding the genetic structure of island Anopheles gambiae populations is important for the current tactics in mosquito control and for the proposed strategy using genetically-modified mosquitoes (GMM). Genetically-isolated mosquito populations on islands are a potential site for testing GMM. The objective of this study was to determine the genetic structure of A. gambiae populations on the islands in Lake Victoria, western Kenya. METHODS: The genetic diversity and the population genetic structures of 13 A. gambiae populations from five islands on Lake Victoria and six villages from the surrounding mainland area in the Suba District were examined using six microsatellite markers. The distance range of sampling sites varied between 2.5 and 35.1 km. RESULTS: A similar level of genetic diversity between island mosquito populations and adjacent mainland populations was found. The average number of alleles per locus was 7.3 for the island populations and 6.8 for the mainland populations. The average observed heterozygosity was 0.32 and 0.28 for the island and mainland populations, respectively. A low but statistically significant genetic structure was detected among the island populations (F(ST )= 0.019) and between the island and mainland populations (F(ST )= 0.003). A total of 12 private alleles were found, and nine of them were from the island populations. CONCLUSION: A level of genetic differentiation between the island and mainland populations was found. Large extent of gene flow between the island and mainland mosquito populations may result from wind- or human-assisted dispersal. Should the islands on Lake Victoria be used as a trial site for the release program of GMM, mosquito dispersal between the islands and between the island and the mainland should be vigorously monitored

New records of Anopheles arabiensis breeding on the Mount Kenya highlands indicate indigenous malaria transmission

BACKGROUND: Malaria cases on the highlands west of Mount Kenya have been noticed since 10 – 20 years ago. It was not clear whether these cases were introduced from the nearby lowland or resulted from local transmission because of no record of vector mosquitoes on the highlands. Determination of presence and abundance of malaria vector is vital for effective control and epidemic risk assessment of malaria among both local residents and tourists. METHODS: A survey on 31 aquatic sites for the malaria-vector mosquitoes was carried out along the primary road on the highlands around Mount Kenya and the nearby Mwea lowland during April 13 to June 28, 2005. Anopheline larvae were collected and reared into adults for morphological and molecular species identification. In addition, 31 families at three locations of the highlands were surveyed using a questionnaire about their history of malaria cases during the past five to 20 years. RESULTS: Specimens of Anopheles arabiensis were molecularly identified in Karatina and Naro Moru on the highlands at elevations of 1,720 – 1,921 m above sea level. This species was also the only malaria vector found in the Mwea lowland. Malaria cases were recorded in the two highland locations in the past 10 years with a trend of increasing. CONCLUSION: Local malaria transmission on the Mount Kenya highlands is possible due to the presence of An. arabiensis. Land use pattern and land cover might be the key factors affecting the vector population dynamics and the highland malaria transmission in the region

Fabrication and Characteristics of Macroporous TiO

Macroporous TiO2 photocatalyst was synthesized by a facile nanocasting method using polystyrene (PS) spherical particles as the hard template. The synthesized photocatalyst was characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetry-differential thermogravimetry (TG-DTG), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and N2-sorption. TEM, SEM, and XRD characterizations confirmed that the macroporous TiO2 photocatalyst is composed of anatase phase. The high specific surface area of 87.85 m2/g can be achieved according to the N2-sorption analysis. Rhodamine B (RhB) was chosen as probe molecule to evaluate the photocatalytic activity of the TiO2 catalysts. Compared with the TiO2 materials synthesized in the absence of PS spherical template, the macroporous TiO2 photocatalyst sintered at 500°C exhibits much higher activity on the degradation of RhB under the UV irradiation, which can be assigned to the well-structured macroporosity. The macroporous TiO2 material presents great potential in the fields of environmental remediation and energy conversion and storage