Le rapprochement Chercheur-Consultant en aménagement du territoire : un apport à haute valeur ajoutée ?

En aménagement du territoire, de nouvelles pratiques partenariales semblent émerger lors de la réalisation d'expertises (études, ingénierie de projets, audits, etc.). Si le recours aux cabinets-conseils – au Consultant – et aux laboratoires scientifiques – au Chercheur – par les services de l'Etat ou les collectivités territoriales existe depuis de nombreuses années, le rapprochement et le partenariat entre les consultants et les chercheurs est récent. Certes, cette pratique n’est pas encore systématique en aménagement du territoire mais elle constitue, selon les commanditaires publics, un apport à haute valeur ajoutée dans les prestations de services.In urban planning new partnership practices seem to appear through the realization of expertises (studies, projects engineering, audits…). Although the appeal to consulting firms – to consultants – and in the scientific laboratories – to researchers – by the State services or local government, exists for a long time now, the partnership between consultants and researchers is recent. Even though this partnership is not systematic in urban planning, it brings a contribution with a high added value in the services, according to the public partners

An Expert Instructor for an Intelligent Simulation Training System in the Air Traffic Control Domain

Scenario generation and domain specific instruction are the subjects of much research in today\u27s computer world. Complex tasks are now being taught on systems that combine the technologies of artificial intelligence and simulation. These systems should allow for automatic scenario generation and provide a methodology for teaching domain specific knowledge. This can be achieved by incorporating the expertise of an Instructor in the system. The goal is to eliminate the need for a human instructor to prepare and supervise each session. The objective of this research was to develop an Expert Instructor module for an intelligent simulation-based tutoring system. It provides the material to be taught and the manner of teaching it. It contains lesson plans that are used in generating scenarios for each session. The current version is incorporated within the Intelligent Simulation Training System (ISTS). It consists of a generic part and a domain specific part. The latter was designed for the training of air traffic controllers. The ISTS is a modular system which is generic except for the simulation, the knowledge base, and the Expert Instructor. The latest version also provides the necessary functions for other modules to remain generic

Le rapprochement Chercheur-Consultant en aménagement du territoire : un apport à haute valeur ajoutée ?

En aménagement du territoire, de nouvelles pratiques partenariales semblent émerger lors de la réalisation d'expertises (études, ingénierie de projets, audits, etc.). Si le recours aux cabinets-conseils – au Consultant – et aux laboratoires scientifiques – au Chercheur – par les services de l'Etat ou les collectivités territoriales existe depuis de nombreuses années, le rapprochement et le partenariat entre les consultants et les chercheurs est récent. Certes, cette pratique n’est pas encore systématique en aménagement du territoire mais elle constitue, selon les commanditaires publics, un apport à haute valeur ajoutée dans les prestations de services.<br>In urban planning new partnership practices seem to appear through the realization of expertises (studies, projects engineering, audits…). Although the appeal to consulting firms – to consultants – and in the scientific laboratories – to researchers – by the State services or local government, exists for a long time now, the partnership between consultants and researchers is recent. Even though this partnership is not systematic in urban planning, it brings a contribution with a high added value in the services, according to the public partners

Large housing estates in France, Policies and practices

International audienc

Large Housing Estates in Lyon, France Opinions of residents on recent developments

International audienc

Large housing estates in France, Opinion of residents on recent developments in Vénissieux and Rillieux (Lyon)

International audienc

Influence of Autocorrelated Rhythmic Auditory Stimulations on Parkinson’s Disease Gait Variability: Comparison With Other Auditory Rhythm Variabilities and Perspectives

Parkinson’s Disease patients suffer from gait impairments such as reduced gait speed, shortened step length, and deterioration of the temporal organization of stride duration variability (i.e., breakdown in Long-Range Autocorrelations). The aim of this study was to compare the effects on Parkinson’s Disease patients’ gait of three Rhythmic Auditory Stimulations (RAS), each structured with a different rhythm variability (isochronous, random, and autocorrelated). Nine Parkinson’s Disease patients performed four walking conditions of 10–15 min each: Control Condition (CC), Isochronous RAS (IRAS), Random RAS (RRAS), and Autocorrelated RAS (ARAS). Accelerometers were used to assess gait speed, cadence, step length, temporal organization (i.e., Long-Range Autocorrelations computation), and magnitude (i.e., coefficient of variation) of stride duration variability on 512 gait cycles. Long-Range Autocorrelations were assessed using the evenly spaced averaged Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (α-DFA exponent). Spatiotemporal gait parameters and coefficient of variation were not modified by the RAS. Long-Range Autocorrelations were present in all patients during CC and ARAS although all RAS conditions altered them. The α-DFA exponents were significantly lower during IRAS and RRAS than during CC, exhibiting anti-correlations during IRAS in seven patients. α-DFA during ARAS was the closest to the α-DFA during CC and within normative data of healthy subjects. In conclusion, Isochronous RAS modify patients’ Long-Range Autocorrelations and the use of Autocorrelated RAS allows to maintain an acceptable level of Long-Range Autocorrelations for Parkinson’s Disease patients’ gait

Does metronome really help timing gait in Parkinson's disease?

"Objectives: unstructured gait variability is a hallmark of timing gait disorders of Parkinson's disease (PD). Recently, complex temporal structure of stride duration variability has been demonstrated in healthy gait pattern, displaying long-range autocorrelations (LRA)...

Autocorrelated Rhythmic Auditory Stimulations as the best way to use a metronome for Parkinson’s Disease patients: a prospective cohort study

Background : Parkinson’s Disease (PD) patients suffer from gait impairments responsible for falls: reduced speed and stride length and deterioration of stride duration variability. Previous studies on isochronic Rhytmic Auditory Stimulation (RAS) showed good effects on speed and stride length but deleterious effects on stride duration variability. The aim of this study is to compare between 3 different RAS (isochronic, random and autocorrelated) on PD patients’ gait parameters and stride duration variability. Methods : Nine PD patients (Hoehn & Yahr stage 1-3) performed 4 x 10 min overground walking. Each session corresponded to a specific condition: Spontaneous Condition (SC), Isochronic RAS (IC), Random RAS (RC) and Autocorrelated RAS (AC). Unidimensional accelerometers were used to measure ankle movements on 512 consecutive gait cycles. Based on these data and using a software, gait parameters were assessed: gait speed, cadence, step length, temporal organization (i.e. Long-Range Autocorrelations; LRA) and magnitude (i.e. coefficient of variation; CV) of stride duration variability. LRA were assessed using the Rescaled Range Analysis (Hurst exponent) and the Power Spectral Density (α exponent). A one-way repeated measures ANOVA was applied to determine the effect of the various RAS on spatiotemporal gait parameters and on stride duration variability. Results : Spatiotemporal parameters and CV were not modified by the RAS. LRA were present in all patients during SC. On contrary, all RAS altered the LRA. Compared to the exponents assessed during SC, H and α exponents were significantly lower during IC and RC. H during AC was decreased and reached a slight significant difference with that of SC (p=0.036) but α didn’t. H and α during AC were the highest between all RAS conditions. Conclusions : LRA are broken during the IC. On the contrary, the use of autocorrelated RAS (AC) allows to maintain an acceptable level of LRA for PD patients’ gait stability. The autocorrelated RAS would therefore possibly be the best way to apply auditory cueing to PD patients compared to the other RAS conditions but this must be confirmed by future longitudinal studies

Influence of different metronome rhythms on gait variability among Parkinson’s Disease patients: a pilot study

Background Parkinson’s Disease (PD) patients suffer from gait impairments responsible for falls: reduced speed and stride length and deterioration of stride duration variability. Previous studies on isochronic Rhytmic Auditory Stimulation (RAS) showed good effects on speed and stride length but deleterious effects on stride duration variability. The aim of this study is to compare between 3 different RAS (isochronic, random and autocorrelated) on PD patients’ gait parameters and stride duration variability. Methods Nine PD patients (Hoehn & Yahr stage 1-3) performed 4 x 10 min overground walking. Each session corresponded to a specific condition: Spontaneous Condition (SC), Isochronic RAS Condition (IC), Random RAS Condition (RC) and Autocorrelated RAS Condition (AC). Unidimensional accelerometers were used to measure ankle acceleration on 512 consecutive gait cycles. Based on these data and using a software, gait parameters were assessed: gait speed, cadence, step length, temporal organization (i.e. Long-Range Autocorrelations; LRA) and magnitude (i.e. coefficient of variation; CV) of stride duration variability. LRA were assessed using the Rescaled Range Analysis (Hurst exponent) and the Power Spectral Density (α exponent). A one-way repeated measures ANOVA was applied to determine the effect of the various RAS on spatiotemporal gait parameters and on stride duration variability. Results Spatiotemporal parameters and CV were not modified by the RAS. LRA were present in all patients during SC. On contrary, all RAS altered the LRA. Compared to the exponents assessed during SC, H and α exponents were significantly lower during IC and RC. A break in the LRA was present for 4 patients during IC. H during AC reached a significant difference with that of SC (decrease of 11%) while α didn’t. H and α during AC were the closest to those during SC. Conclusions LRA could be broken when using an isochronic metronome. On the contrary, the use of autocorrelated RAS (AC) allows to maintain an acceptable level of LRA for PD patients’ gait stability. The autocorrelated RAS would therefore possibly be the best way to apply auditory cueing to PD patients compared to the other RAS conditions but this must be confirmed by future longitudinal studies