Synthesis of stereodefined 1-aryl(heteroaryl) substituted 1,2-bis(2-bromopyridin-3-yl)ethenes by selective tandem Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-coupling reactions

In this communication we show the preparation of stereodefined trisubstituted alkenes 2 can be achieved by sequential selective Suzuki-Miyaura reactions of 2-bromo-3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)pyridines. The potentiality of this strategy to obtain 5-aryl-1,10-phenanthrolines is also demonstrated

Synthesis of chiral 2-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinolines from naturally occurring monoterpenes

The synthesis is reported of chiral substituted 2-methylpyridines, in which the pyridine rings are annulated at the 5,6-positions to the chiral frameworks originating from (-)-β-pinene, (-)-isopinocampheol and (+)-camphor. Two procedures have been evaluated for their preparation

Unexpected reversal of the enantioselectivity using chiral quinolylmethyl- and acridininyloxazokines as ligands for asymmetric palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylation

New chiral quinolylmethyloxazolines and acridininyloxazolines were prepared and assessed in the enantioselective palladium-catalyzed allylic substitution of 1,3-diphenylprop-2-enyl acetate with dimethyl malonate. The introduction of a benzo-fused substituent on the pyridine ring not containing the chiral backbone resulted in the switch of the expected chiral sense of enantioselection of the reaction. Enantiomeric excesses up to 78% were obtained

Synthesis and D₂-like binding affinity of new derivatives of N3-[(1- ethyltetrahydro-1H-2-pyrrolyl)methyl]-4,5-dihydrobenzo[g]indole-3- carboxamide and related compounds

In previous papers 4a,b we have reported the syntheses and structure-activity relationships of a series of 5-phenyl-3-pyrrole carboxamide and related 4,5-dihydrobenzo[g]indole-3-carboxamide analogues whose most representative terms were 1a and 2a respectively. Encouraged by these results we carried out several modifications of 2a

Nuova sintesi di 1,10-fenantroline

Proseguendo il nostro lavoro sulla chimica dei derivati fenantrolinici1 abbiamo intrapreso recentemente uno studio per sintetizzare 1,10-fenantroline a partire da piridine. Nell’affrontare questo tema abbiamo pensato sia di prepare un conveniente 1,2-di(3- piridil)alchene 2 e quindi accoppiare le piridine o alternativamente, sintetizzare un’appropriata 2,2'-bipiridina 3,3'-disostituita 3 e quindi elaborare i sostituenti in modo da formare l’anello centrale. In questa conunicazione riportiamo i risultati ottenuti affrontando questo soggetto

Sintesi di 1,10-fenantroline chirali a simmetria C₂ derivati da monoterpeni naturali quali utili leganti per la catalisi asimmetrica

Nell’ambito dei leganti azotati, la sintesi di 1,10-fenantroline (phens) chirali ed il loro uso quali leganti chirali catalitici è stato poco investigato per le difficoltà incontrate nella preparazione dei più semplici analoghi a simmetria C2. Recentemente abbiamo riportato una nuova via sintetica per la preparazione di phens chirali a simmetria C2

Studio sulla sintesi dell'acido (R) (S)-2, 3, 3-trimetilbutanoico

The authors report a synthetic study on the syntheis of 2, 3, 3-trimethylbutanoic acid which they prepared by ten different synthetic procedures and compare their results with the ones available in the literature on the preparation of the title compound

Sintesi stereoselettiva di piridilammine

Ammino piridine chirali hanno dimostrato la loro validità come leganti per la formazione di complessi metallici utilizzati nella catalisi asimmetrica. Tra i possibili approcci alla sintesi di questi composti noi abbiamo investigato la riduzione diastereoselettiva di N-sostituite (p-totil e tert-butil) piridil chetimmine con una serie di agenti riducenti (NaBH4, L-Selectride, DIBAL, 9-BBN) in diverse condizioni di reazione

Extraction of microalgal starch and pigments by using different cell disruption methods and aqueous two-phase system

AbstractBACKGROUNDMicroalgae can synthesize starch with productivity higher than conventional terrestrial crops, without the need for arable land. However, little is known about processes to extract starch from microalgae. Here, a biorefinery process is described including microalgal cell disruption followed by extraction of starch and pigments with aqueous two‐phase system (ATPS) using choline chloride and polypropylene glycol 400. Sonication and bead milling were compared for cell disruption rate and starch extraction efficiency.RESULTSA first order kinetic model described well the cell disruption for both the methods, with a rate 2.6 times higher for bead milling than sonication. By applying ATPS on samples with comparable cell disruption (>93%), starch was separated better after sonication (67% recovery in the pellet) than after bead milling, for which it remained equally distributed between pellet (40%) and choline chloride phase. Pigments were extracted with 42–66% yield irrespective of the cell disruption method. Microalgal starch granules had a normal and narrow distribution for size (0.93 ± 0.14 μm) and a gelatinization temperature between 45–55 °C.CONCLUSIONFor the same cell disruption yield, different starch separation efficiencies can be achieved, depending on the cell disruption method applied. Although bead milling was faster than sonication in disrupting cells, it gave worst starch separation efficiency. The properties of the extracted microalgal starch indicate potential technical advantages, with respect to conventional starch sources, for applications in the bioplastic and food sector. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI)

Fishes and their parasites in the water district of Massaciuccoli (Tuscany, Central Italy)

This study has been conducted in the district of Massaciuccoli (lake, marsh and reclaimed areas with drainage channels) in Tuscany region (Central Italy). The aim of the research was to detect the presence of parasites in fishes, in particular of Opisthorchis felineus, which causes an important zoonosis. Between 2010-2012, the health status of 381 fishes was monitored, morphometric characteristics were determined, and parasites were searched for and identified. Of the 381 examined fishes, 189 were free of parasites while 192 were infected, among them 91 presented multiple infections. Opisthorchis felineus was not found in any of the examined fishes