The use of narrative as a speech behaviour model

The authors of this paper view narrative as a way for a human to express his or her attitude to the world, finding its presence virtually in every aspect of human relations. Revealing the essence of a narrative approach, the authors refer to the works by J. Brockmeier, R. Harré, A. Schütz, J.F. Lyotard, J. Bruner who analyzed the essence of narrative in their studies. The structure, characteristics, forms and functions of narrative as a type of discursive reality are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to personal narrative as a way to reflect acquired experience. The authors underline the use of narrative techniques in many knowledge areas: psychology, sociology, linguistics, philosophy, and psychiatry. Analyzing pedagogical aspects of narrative, the authors mention the use of metaphors as a means of influencing the audience. The authors pay a special attention to the practicability of narrative teaching methods, namely a narrative game as one of the methods of active learning in an educational process.peer-reviewe

Students activities organization technology in environmental communities

Environmental education in modern world is becoming an essential element in the harmonious development of society, and each individual in particular. Ecological problems lead to irreversible processes that negatively affect the whole world, therefore, environmental awareness and conscious consumption must be developed already at the college age. The purpose of the article is to study the experience of organizing students' activities in environmental communities to develop an environmental culture and responsibility towards the environment. University is stated to be actively developing in the Ecological Movement field and supports the principles of the “Green” Universities Association in Russia. The article shows a part of students’ survey conducted to identify the level of environmental culture development, the level of consumption awareness; and environmental awareness. The survey was organized in 2016 (before the active students’ involvement in environmental activities) and in 2017 and 2018 (after the students’ environmental movements development). The article considers the results of students’ environmental projects. Discussions, interactive and information technologies that were actively used contributed to the students’ activities improvement. Large-scale discussions were held among all participants to solve common issues. Partially, the discussions were organized with the help of electronic means. As part of the university environmental activities, students made projects that were subsequently presented at the university competition. The analysis of the environmental projects presentations conducted over several years has shown that the number of projects has increased significantly and has reached the regional and national level. The research found the environmental indicators growth from 2016 to 2018

Особенности восприятия проблемы туберкулеза врачами первичного звена здравоохранения

The objective: to study the perception of the problem of tuberculosis in physicians working in primary medical care and enhance motivation to implement tuberculosis control activities.Subjects and methods. A questionnaire survey was conducted in 114 physicians from primary medical care before and after the lecture on phthisiology. A subjective assessment of the knowledge on tuberculosis (self-assessment) and results of an objective assessment were studied and compared.Results. 30% of physicians had the fear of getting infected and developing tuberculosis. The level of theoretical phthisiologic knowledge among physicians from primary medical care is insufficient; the self-assessment of this knowledge is overstated in 58.8%.Цель исследования: изучить особенности восприятия проблемы туберкулеза у врачей первичного звена здравоохранения и повысить эффективность мотивации по реализации противотуберкулезных мероприятий.Материалы и методы. Проведено анкетирование 114 врачей общей лечебной сети до и после образовательной лекции по фтизиатрии. Изучены субъективная оценка уровня знаний по вопросам фтизиатрии (самооценка) и результаты объективной оценки, проведено сравнение этих двух оценок.Результаты. Среди врачей страх заражения и заболевания туберкулезом имел место в 30%. Уровень теоретических знаний у врачей общей лечебной сети по разделу фтизиатрии недостаточен, у 58,8% самооценка этих знаний завышена

Систематизация HR-метрик для целей оперативной отчетности

В исследовании раскрываются основные принципы систематизации HR-метрик и выявления наиболее универсальных из них для целей оперативной отчетности организации. Для достижения поставленной цели проведен анализ теоретических подходов к измерению эффективности человеческого капитала, сформулированы цели и задачи оперативной отчетности, предложена система HR-метрик, отвечающая целям менеджмента.The article reveals the basic principles of systematization of HR metrics and identification of the most universal of them for the purposes of operational reporting of the organization. To achieve this goal, the analysis of theoretical approaches to measuring the effectiveness of human capital was carried out, the goals and objectives of operational reporting were formulated, and a system of HR metrics was proposed as relevant to the goals of management

Modulation of the nanoscale motion rate of Candida albicans by X-rays

IntroductionPatients undergoing cancer treatment by radiation therapy commonly develop Candida albicans infections (candidiasis). Such infections are generally treated by antifungals that unfortunately also induce numerous secondary effects in the patient. Additional to the effect on the immune system, ionizing radiation influences the vital activity of C. albicans cells themselves; however, the reaction of C. albicans to ionizing radiation acting simultaneously with antifungals is much less well documented. In this study, we explored the effects of ionizing radiation and an antifungal drug and their combined effect on C. albicans.MethodsThe study essentially relied on a novel technique, referred to as optical nanomotion detection (ONMD) that monitors the viability and metabolic activity of the yeast cells in a label and attachment-free manner.Results and discussionOur findings demonstrate that after exposure to X-ray radiation alone or in combination with fluconazole, low-frequency nanoscale oscillations of whole cells are suppressed and the nanomotion rate depends on the phase of the cell cycle, absorbed dose, fluconazole concentration, and post-irradiation period. In a further development, the ONMD method can help in rapidly determining the sensitivity of C. albicans to antifungals and the individual concentration of antifungals in cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy

ОБНАРУЖЕНИЕ ОЧАГОВ НЕБЛАГОПОЛУЧИЯ ПО ТУБЕРКУЛЕЗУ С ВЫСОКИМ РИСКОМ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯ ДЕТЕЙ НА ТЕРРИТОРИИ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ КОМПЬЮТЕРНОЙ ПРОГРАММЫ

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Appraising the intention of other people: Ecological validity and procedures for investigating effects of lighting for pedestrians

One of the aims of outdoor lighting public spaces such as pathways and subsidiary roads is to help pedestrians to evaluate the intentions of other people. This paper discusses how a pedestrians’ appraisal of another persons’ intentions in artificially lit outdoor environments can be studied. We review the visual cues that might be used, and the experimental design with which effects of changes in lighting could be investigated to best resemble the pedestrian experience in artificially lit urban environments. Proposals are made to establish appropriate operationalisation of the identified visual cues, choice of methods and measurements representing critical situations. It is concluded that the intentions of other people should be evaluated using facial emotion recognition; eye tracking data suggest a tendency to make these observations at an interpersonal distance of 15 m and for a duration of 500 ms. Photographs are considered suitable for evaluating the effect of changes in light level and spectral power distribution. To support investigation of changes in spatial distribution further investigation is needed with 3D targets. Further data are also required to examine the influence of glare

Department of operative surgery and topographic anatomy at Saratov State Medical University n.a. V.I. Razumovsky: the past, the present and the future (to the 100-th anniversary)

The article presents the foundation history, the present scientific and educational activities and development prospects in the oldest department of operative surgery and topographic anatomy in Russia, founded by academician S. I. Spasokukotsk