Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Patients With Primary Immune Regulatory Disorders (PIRD): A Primary Immune Deficiency Treatment Consortium (PIDTC) Survey.

Primary Immune Regulatory Disorders (PIRD) are an expanding group of diseases caused by gene defects in several different immune pathways, such as regulatory T cell function. Patients with PIRD develop clinical manifestations associated with diminished and exaggerated immune responses. Management of these patients is complicated; oftentimes immunosuppressive therapies are insufficient, and patients may require hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) for treatment. Analysis of HCT data in PIRD patients have previously focused on a single gene defect. This study surveyed transplanted patients with a phenotypic clinical picture consistent with PIRD treated in 33 Primary Immune Deficiency Treatment Consortium centers and European centers. Our data showed that PIRD patients often had immunodeficient and autoimmune features affecting multiple organ systems. Transplantation resulted in resolution of disease manifestations in more than half of the patients with an overall 5-years survival of 67%. This study, the first to encompass disorders across the PIRD spectrum, highlights the need for further research in PIRD management

Unpacking The Unforeseen Consequences: A Comprehensive Examination on The Perception of Non-Profit Organisations on Goods and Services Tax

This study examines Indian Non-Profit Organizations’ (NPOs) perceptions of the Goods and Services Tax (GST), focusing on compliance challenges and operational implications. Using mixed methods, primary data from 110 Tamil Nadu NPOs via structured questionnaires were analyzed alongside secondary sources. Descriptive statistics, reliability tests (Cronbach’s α = 0.897–0.898), t-tests, and ANOVA assessed awareness levels, compliance burdens, and demographic influences. Results indicate GST imposes significant challenges for NPOs, particularly smaller entities, due to ambiguous tax applicability for dual activities (charitable/commercial), stringent documentation, and limited input tax credits. While 59% of NPOs remained unregistered, registered ones reported increased tax liabilities (41%) and administrative strain. However, GST enhanced transparency, bolstering donor trust. Demographic analysis revealed age (p=0.040) and education (p=0.035) as key factors shaping GST perceptions, while gender and legal status showed negligible impact. The study highlights systemic gaps in GST frameworks, including complex compliance processes and insufficient sector-specific guidance. It advocates streamlined filing procedures, exemptions for non-commercial activities, and training initiatives to improve regulatory adaptability. By addressing empirical gaps in taxation research, this work provides policymakers with insights to align GST norms with NPOs’ operational realities. Findings underscore the urgency of collaborative dialogue between regulators and NPOs to reduce compliance inefficiencies and strengthen the sector’s socio-economic contributions. Such reforms would ensure GST supports, rather than hinders, NPOs’ public welfare missions while fostering equitable fiscal governance

Environmental Studies: Bottlenecks and Prosperities

The environmentalists of the entire world are crying by forecasting the depletion of biotic and abiotic resources at an accelerating rate which may make the survival of life on earth questionable. The main cause of this disastrous degradation is due to unmindful anthropogenic activities. The present generation is unaware of consequences of environmental degradation and the need for the conservation of species and their habitats. It is an imperative need and responsibility to inculcate the culture of loving and living with nature among the youth. The University Grants Commission as per the directions of the Honourable Supreme Court of India directed all the Universities and Colleges to include Environmental Studies course in the curriculum. Accordingly, all the institutions have introduced this course in their curriculum. Nevertheless, there are several constrains in teaching this course to all students in letter and spirit of the law. Though there are certain constrains, there is scope for the enhancement of teaching and learning efficacy. This paper briefly describes the need for the introduction of the course, challenges in teaching and possible solutions

Anatomical Asplenia in Cat Eye Syndrome: An Expansion of the Disease Spectrum

We report a patient with Cat eye syndrome (CES) associated with anatomical asplenia. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no prior reports of this association. Screening for asplenia in CES is potentially important, as asplenia places patients at increased risk for life-threatening bacterial infections. Hence patients with CES without a spleen may require the same routine precautions as any other asplenic patients, with penicillin prophylaxis and immunizations to protect against encapsulated organisms such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b, and Neisseria meningitidis

Behavior of Hybrid NSM Reinforced and Externally Confined Reinforced Concrete Columns under Eccentric Compression –Experimental and Numerical Studies

The effectiveness of hybrid combination of ne ar surface mounted (NSM) and externally confined (EC) FRP strengthenin g on the performance of RC column elements under uniaxial eccentric compression is investigated. In total, ten short RC column elements were cast. Carbon FRP is used for strengthening due to its inherent stiffness and strength properties on par with other FRP materials. The columns were strengthened using NSM CFRP laminates, EC using CFRP fabrics and their hybrid combi nations. A non-linear finite element model is developed using ABAQUS and the numerical model is calibrated using the experimental results to improve the accuracy of the predict ions. Experimental results revealed that hybrid strengthening of RC columns was able to show a better performance in terms of stiffness, strength, ultimate displacement ductility when compared to other FRP strengthening techniques. The numerical predictions obtained were able to better capture the initial stiffness, peak load and post-peak behavior. Thus, the proposed hybrid strengthening technique for RC columns possess the capability of restoring the loss in stiffness, strength and ductility due to additional bending moment induced by the eccentric compression loading

EFFECT OF SAMA VRITTI PRANAYAMA ON POST CAESAREAN SECTION PAIN, STRESS AND LEVEL OF SATISFACTION AMONG POST PARTUM MOTHERS AT PMCH & RI

AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the “Effect of four square breathing Exercise on Post caesarean Section Pain, Stress and Level of Satisfaction” among Post-Partum Mothers . METHODS: A Quasi – experimental one group pre – test post – test research design was conducted with total of 60 eligible and consented post caesarean section mothers selected for the study by purposive non probability sampling technique. The level of pain and stress was measured by Modified comfort behavioural pain scale, perceived stress scale (PSS),self satisfaction rating scale (SSRS) RESULTS: The major finding of the study revealed that “t” test value for pain is 10.676 and for stress is 16.0045 at the level of p= 0.05. At the post test, (37) 62% of the post partum mothers are highly satisfied with the intervention. This study abides that four square breathing exercise is effective in reducing the level of post caesarean section pain and post partum stress at the significance of p>0.05. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical clearance was obtained from Institutional Human Ethics Committee (PMCHRI-IHEC) on 12-12-2023. Protocol No: PMCHRI-IHEC-156 CONCLUSION: This study concluded that four –square breathing excercises significantly reduced the intensity of post caesarean section pain ,stress as well as achieves a markable satisfaction rate among post caesarean mothers with this intervention . R E C O M M E N D A T I O N S : FOUR SQUARE breathing excercises should be incorporated into the nursing intervention protocols to effectively improve the well-being of post partum mother

The impact of cognitive distraction on gustatory perception in volunteers with obesity

Obesity, a global health challenge, is influenced by biological, behavioral, socioeconomical, and environmental factors. In our technology-driven world, distracted eating is prevalent, yet neurocognitive mechanisms behind it remain poorly understood. This study targets individuals with overweight and obesity, exploring taste perception under distraction comprehensively. Participants formed two distinct groups based on their Body Mass Index (BMI), lean and overweight/obese. During the experiment participants received gustatory stimuli while playing a Tetris game of various difficulty levels. Participants rated taste intensity and pleasantness, with linear mixed models analyzing distraction effects. Results confirmed that high distraction levels reduced perception of taste intensity ( p  = 0.017) and taste pleasantness ( p  = 0.022), with variations influenced by gender and weight status. Individuals in the overweight/obese group exhibited most profound intensity changes during distraction ( p  = 0.01). Taste sensitivity ratings positively correlated with BMI interacting with gender (male r = 0.227, p  < 0.001; female r = 0.101, p  < 0.001). Overall across both groups, female participants demonstrated higher taste sensitivity compared to male participants ( p  < 0.001). This study highlights the impact of cognitive distraction during consumption on taste perception, particularly in relation to weight status and gender, underscoring their significant roles in this interplay.Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (1041

Bonded overlay strengthening of hollow core slab with and without interface shearkeys connection

Precast Prestressed Hollow Core Slabs (PPHCS) are most commonly used as flooring and roofing elements. Usually, a new layer of concrete is placed on the top of hollow core slabs to create a continuous and levelled surface. The common thickness of this bonded overlay will be around 50 mm to 75 mm deep. The provision of Bonded Overlay (BO) will increase the cracking load and flexural strength of hollow core slab after the full composite action is developed. In the present study, the effect of shear keys at the interface of bonded overlay and hollow core slab is studied. The hollow core slab and bonded overlay is expected to have a full composite action until failure without any interface separation. The dimension of hollow core used in this investigation is 600mm wide, 150mm depth and 3500mm length. In total, three full-scale hollow core slabs were tested under shear span (a) to depth (d) ratio of 7.5. The three specimens which include un-strengthened slab denoted as control slab, slab strengthened with bonded overlay without any shear keys at the interface and bonded overlay with shear keys. Bonded overlay specimens without shear keys resulted in interfacial failure and it was able to increase the peak load by 38.4% compared to the control specimen. However, the bonded overlay with shear keys resulted in full composite action till the final failure and it was able to increase the peak load by 59.6% compared to the control specimen. The provision of shear keys at the interface of hollow core slabs and bonded overlay resulted in full composite action

Challenges in Controlling Vibriosis in Shrimp Farms

Recently the shrimp farming has blooming as a crucial counterpart in the aquaculture industry which contribute the remarkable role in sea food production as well economy of the country. However, this could be fluctuated every year through several circumstances such as unfavorable (Poor water and soil quality) environmental factors. The environmental factors includes disease causing bacterial pathogens in the soil and water which causes the bacterial diseases in the aquatic animals, like this hectic problems are prevented through bioaugmentation strategies. The pond environment plays a vital role in determining the healthy culture system, but there is high risk for manipulation by bacterial community which takes care of waste generated in the system through in situ bioremediation. Due to the impact of rapidly growing bacterial diseases of shrimps throughout the world, numerous studies have been carried out to find immunostimulants, immunomodulators and biotic component that can be used against vibrio causing pathogens, and can also be used as an alternative for antibiotics. Recent research focus towards the marine resources such as microalgae, seaweed, live feeds (like artemia, copepods, rotifers), bacteriophage, and probiotics have been found to have higher potential in reducing vibriosis. Eco-based shrimp farming includes green water technology, phage therapy bio-floc technology (BFT) and integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA), these methods hold a promising alternative to antibiotics in the near future. Bacterial diseases caused by vibrios have been reported in penaeid shrimp culture systems implicating at least 14 species and they are Vibrio harveyi, V. splendidus, V. parahaemolyticus, V. alginolyticus, V. anguillarum, V. vulnificuslogei etc