Effect Of Dietary Lipid Level On Growth, Feed Utilization And Body Composition By Nile Perch Juveniles (Lates Niloticus)

The present study was designed to determine the optimum dietary lipid of juveniles Nile perch for better growth performances. Four isonitrogenous (45 %) experimental diets were formulated to contain 9; 11; 13 and 15 g crude lipid 100 g-1 feed, and fed in triplicate groups of Nile perch (mean weight : 3.28 ± 0.04 g) reared in twelve 50 L tank for 8 weeks. At the end of the experimental period the group of fish fed 11 % and 9 % lipid, had a significantly higher SGR and body weight gain than the rest of experimental groups. The lowest body weight (13.28 g) was achieved by group of fish fed 15 % lipid. The FCR were significantly lower for fingerling Lates fed diet containing 11 % and 9 % lipid than the rest. The increase of the dietary lipid level in the diet affected significantly the Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER). Body moisture content decreased significantly with the increase of dietary lipid. Body lipid increased significantly with the increase of dietary lipid. Under the experimental conditions applied, the optimum dietary lipid requirement for juvenile Lates niloticus is estimated to be 9.79 %

Prevalence and Scanning Electron Microscopic Identification of Anoplocephalid Cestodes among Small Ruminants in Senegal

This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of anoplocephalid cestodes in sheep and goats in Senegal. Intestines of 462 sheep and 48 goats were examined; 47.4% of sheep and 6.2% of goats were infected. The species identified and their prevalence were, among sheep, Avitellina centripunctata 38.7%, Moniezia expansa 15.4%, Stilesia globipunctata 16.7%, and Thysaniezia ovilla 0.4%. Among goats, they were M. expansa 6.2% and T. ovilla 2.1%. The prevalence of all species was not statistically different between dry and rainy seasons. The infections were single or multiple. Indeed, 56.2% of sheep were infected by a single species, 37.4% by two species, and 6.4% by three species. For goats, 66.7% were infected by M. expansa and 33.3% by both M. expansa and T. ovilla. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) observations of tapeworms show the general diagnosis characters of these species

Effet de la variété et du type de terreau sur la croissance et le développement des plants de Mangifera indica L, Casamance

Pour contribuer à l’amélioration de la production de mangue en Casamance cette étude s’est fixé comme objectif d’évaluer l’effet de la variété et du type de terreau sur la croissance et le développement des plants de Mangifera indica L. Un dispositif en split plot à deux facteurs dont le facteur substrat décliné en 3 modalités (terreau de Cailcédrat, terreau manguier et terreau d’anacardier) et puis le facteur variété constitué de cinq modalités (Pince, Kouloubadasèky, Siéra Léone, Diourou et Papaye). La variété Siéra Léone a donné les meilleurs résultats en termes de production foliaire (19,99 feuilles/plant), hauteur (29,76±6,58 cm) et diamètre au collet des plants (6,97 mm). Concernant l’effet du type de terreaux, le diamètre au collet des plants le plus gros (6,49±1,17 mm) a été enregistré avec le terreau de manguier, et la production foliaire des plants la plus élevée (10,54 feuilles/plant) a été notée avec les terreaux de manguier et de caïlcédrat. La hauteur des plants n’a pas varié significativement (P=0,6) en fonction du type de terreau. La biomasse racinaire moyenne a varié significativement (P= 0,0001) selon le traitement. Elle est plus importante avec le traitement variété Siéra Léone sur terreau de caïlcédrat avec 6,85±2,28g/plant. Aucune différence significative n’a été observée pour la biomasse foliaire (P= 0,086) et caulinaire (P=0,33) entre les traitements. Ces résultats permettront de constituer une base de données utile pour la reconstitution des vergers de manguiers en Casamance

Etude De La Diversite Des Termites (Isoptera) Dans Quelques Localites De La Region De Kolda (Haute Casamance, Senegal)

Termites (Isoptera) are invertebrates that play many ecological functions in terrestrial ecosystems, especially in tropical areas. Their impacts on the quality and the fertility of the soil are well known. However, in Senegal termite fauna is still poorly known. Thus, to contribute to the knowledge of termites of Senegal we have conducted a study on their diversity in the region of Kolda (Casamance). Termites were sampled in transects of 100 m long and 20 m wide. Termite workers, soldiers and some time reproductives are collected in vials filled with ethanol 70°. Thirty (30) termite species have been identified. Five of them are new records for Senegal. The four trophic groups xylophagous, fungus-growing termites, harvester or foraging termites and soil-feeding were represented. The fungusgrowing termites are more diversified. According to the types of nests, termites encountered are divided into 3 groups. The more diversified are those that build ground-nest without fungus

Preliminary surveys after release of the fruit fly parasitoid Fopius arisanus Sonan (Hymenoptera Braconidae) in mango production systems in Casamance (Senegal)

Introduction. Since its arrival in Senegal in 2004, Bactrocera invadens (Diptera Tephritidae) synonymized with Bactrocera dorsalis has caused much economic damage in mango crops. Effective and efficient control activities against B. invadens were necessary in order to continue mango production, and biological control measures were envisaged. In such conditions, the government of Senegal allowed the Asian parasitoid Fopius arisanus to be released in some orchards around Ziguinchor. Materials and methods. The dynamics of fruit fly species was studied with lure traps (methyl eugenol and terpinyl acetate with Dichlorvos). Mango fruit were sampled from the control orchard and orchards with released F. arisanus, to compare the differences in tephritid infestation. Results and discussion. The levels of B. invadens populations were 1.6−2.5 times higher in the control than in orchards where F. arisanus was released. The fruit were also 5–6 times more infested in the control orchard than in those that received F. arisanus. Between May and July 2012 the majority of the pupae (92%) collected from fruit samples developed into adult flies, while only 39% of the pupae transformed to adults between October and December after effective action of the parasitoids. In both orchard treatments, the level of native fruit fly populations was about the same. Wild fruit were infested mostly by Ceratitis cosyra, from which were reared native parasitoids such as Fopius caudatus, F. silvestrii, F. desideratus, Diachasmimorpha fullawayi, D. carinata, Psyttalia cosyrae, and P. concolor. In contrast with Mangifera indica, Citrus spp., Anacardium occidentale, Psidium guayava, Saba senegalensis, and Landolphia heudelotii were mainly infested by B. invadens which showed parasitism by F. arisanus. Pteromalidae and Eulophidae were also found from the pest fly pupae. Killer flies (Diptera: Muscidae) such as Coenosia attenuata Stein, C. atra Meigen and C. tigrina Fabricius emerged from the fruit samples. Conclusion. Sanitation against fruit flies in Casamance should take into account the conservation of natural enemies such as parasitoids and predators for an effective biological control of tephritids. (Résumé d'auteur

Les accidents de cyclomoteurs: mécanismes lésionnels et aspects anatomo-cliniques

Le but de notre étude est de décrire les mécanismes lésionnels et les aspects anatomo-cliniques des  traumatismes par accident de cyclomoteur. C'est une étude transversale menée au niveau du Centre  Hospitalier Régional de Kaffrine sur une période de 12 mois. Elle portait sur les patients admis au service d'accueil pour accident de la voie publique impliquant un cyclomoteur. Il s'agissait de 129 patients (112  hommes et de 17 femmes). L'âge moyen était de 30,5 ans. Soixante-treize patients étaient conducteurs de cyclomoteur, 31 piétons et 25 passagers arrière. Le mécanisme le plus fréquent était une chute de moto. Les lésions prédominaient au niveau des membres. Les accidents de cyclomoteur sont un problème de santé publique.Key words: Cyclomoteur, lésion, mécanisme, cliniqu

Isonatraemic haemodialysis in the management of salt and water overload: a crossover trial at an academic hospital in Dakar, Senegal

Introduction: The aims of this study were to assess the impact of isonatraemic haemodialysis on reduction of interdialytic weight gain (IDWG) and blood pressure (BP) as well as its tolerability in our study population. Methods: This crossover trial, at the Aristide Le Dantec University Hospital in Senegal, was conducted on 32 patients with kidney failure who were stable on treatment with chronic haemodialysis. In the initial “control phase”, patients had nine haemodialysis sessions with a dialysate sodium (Na+) concentration (Na+ dialysate) of 138 mmol/L. The serum Na+ set point (SP) for each patient was calculated from three predialytic mid-week values. In the second phase, the “individualized phase”, patients had nine haemodialysis sessions with Na+ dialysate equal to their SP. Results: The mean age of the patients was 55.5 ± 12.1 years, with a male/female ratio of 1.3 and the most common cause of kidney disease was hypertension (47%). Mean predialytic serum Na+ concentration was 135.8 ± 1.9 mmol/L, with a mean intra-individual coefficient of variation of 2%. Mean interdialytic weight gain (IDWG) was 1.9 kg and 1.8 kg in the control and individualized phases, respectively (P = 0.75). A reduction in postdialytic systolic blood pressure (BP) was observed during the individualized phase (P = 0.04). A similar trend was noted in pre- and intradialytic BP but this was not statistically significant. Apart from headaches, which were more common in the individualized phase (P = 0.04), isonatraemic haemodialysis was well tolerated. Conclusions: IDWG as well as pre- and intradialytic BP were unaffected by isonatraemic haemodialysis. Postdialytic BP was significantly reduced. Introduction: Les objectifs de cette étude étaient d’évaluer l’impact de l’hémodialyse isonatrémique sur la réduction de la prise de poids inter-dialytique (PPID) et de la pression artérielle (PA) ainsi que sa tolérance dans notre population d’étude. Méthodes: Cet essai croisé a été mené au centre hospitalier universitaire Aristide Le Dantec de Dakar (Sénégal) chez des patients hémodialysés chroniques. Durant la première phase dite « phase contrôle », les patients ont eu neuf séances d’hémodialyse avec une concentration de sodium dans le dialysat (Na+ dialysat) de 138 mmol/L. Le set-point (SP) de la natrémie a été calculé pour chaque patient et correspondait à la moyenne de 3 natrémies pré-dialytiques en milieu de semaine. Durant la deuxième phase dite « phase individualisée », les patients ont eu neuf séances d’hémodialyse avec du Na+ dialysat égal à leur SP. Résultats: Trente-deux patients ont été inclus. L’âge moyen était de 55,5 ± 12,1 ans avec un ratio homme/femme de 1,3 et la néphropathie initiale la plus fréquente était l’hypertensive (47%). La natrémie pré-dialytique moyenne était de 135,8 ± 1,9 mmol/L, avec un coefficient de variation intra-individuel moyen de 2 %. La PPID moyenne était de 1,9 kg et 1,8 kg dans les phases de contrôle et individualisé, respectivement (P = 0,75). Une diminution de la PA systolique post-dialytique a été observée au cours de la phase individualisée (P = 0,04). Une tendance similaire sans significativité statistique a été notée sur les PA pré- et intra-dialytiques. Hormis les céphalées, plus fréquentes pendant la phase individualisée (P = 0,04), l’hémodialyse isonatrémique a été bien tolérée. Conclusions: La PPID, les PA pré- et intra-dialytiques n’ont pas été affectées par l’hémodialyse isonatrémique. La PA post-dialytique était significativement réduite