Intimate Partner Violence and Labour Market Outcomes in Tanzania

This paper takes data from the Tanzania National Panel Survey (TNPS) (2008-2009), fits them to the probit model to examine factors driving the probability of women to experience IPV (Intimate Partner Violence) and uses the propensity score matching to estimate the effect of IPV on women’s probability of employment and earnings. The results show that the levels of IPV in Tanzania are still alarmingly high, relative to the levels in the developed countries. It is found that IPV is exacerbated by some male characteristics, including alcohol abuse, young age, polygamy, cohabitation, among others, with violence being higher in the rural areas than in the urban areas. In addition, low property ownership for women is found to contribute to the problem. A majority of women accept to live by the oppressing traditional norms, which they are using to justify IPV. The study finds IPV to be a catalyst to self-employment for women, which may enhance their bargaining. However, the negative side is that the business incomes from such self-employment ventures are likely to be depressed. In view of these findings, we still need to continue the fight against IPV

Perceptions of the seriousness of major public health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic in seven middle-income countries

INTRODUCTION: Public perception of the seriousness of the COVID-19 pandemic compared to six other major public health problems (alcoholism and drug use, HIV/AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis, lung cancer and respiratory diseases caused by air pollution and smoking, and water-borne diseases like diarrhea) is unclear. We designed a survey to examine this issue using YouGov's internet panels in seven middle-income countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America in early 2022. METHODS: Respondents rank ordered the seriousness of the seven health problems using a repeated best-worst question format. Rank-ordered logit models allow comparisons within and across countries and assessment of covariates. RESULTS: In six of the seven countries, respondents perceived other respiratory illnesses to be a more serious problem than COVID-19. Only in Vietnam was COVID-19 ranked above other respiratory illnesses. Alcoholism and drug use was ranked the second most serious problem in the African countries. HIV/AIDS ranked relatively high in all countries. Covariates, particularly a COVID-19 knowledge scale, explained differences within countries; statistics about the pandemic were highly correlated with differences in COVID-19's perceived seriousness. CONCLUSIONS: People in the seven middle-income countries perceived COVID-19 to be serious (on par with HIV/AIDS) but not as serious as other respiratory illnesses. In the African countries, respondents perceived alcoholism and drug use as more serious than COVID-19. Our survey-based approach can be used to quickly understand how the threat of a newly emergent disease, like COVID-19, fits into the larger context of public perceptions of the seriousness of health problems

Social ties at work and effort choice: experimental evidence from Tanzania

Many firms hire workers via social networks. Whether workers who are socially connected to their employers exert more effort on the job is an unsettled debate. We address this question through a novel experiment with small-business owners in Tanzania. Participants are paired with a worker who conducts a real-effort task, and receive a payoff that depends on the worker’s effort. Some business owners are randomly paired with workers they are socially connected with, while others are paired with strangers. With a design that is sufficiently powered to detect economically meaningful effects, we find that being socially connected to one’s employer does not affect workers’ effort.\

Climate Variability, Temporal Migration, and Household Welfare among Agricultural Households in Tanzania

Climate change has been one of the factors inducing people to migrate internally. As a result of climate change risks, the temporal migration strategy has been employed as an insurance strategy to cope with its impacts. This study analyses whether climate variability is a driving factor for temporal migration among agricultural households and whether such migration shields farmers from agricultural shocks. The study used three waves of the Tanzania National Panel Survey data and employed various descriptive and panel-data econometric techniques in the analyses. Results indicated that climate variability has no effect on overall agricultural production but has a significant effect on maize production, a staple food crop in Tanzania. Moreover, high market value from production was associated with a lower chance that climate variability forced a household member to migrate. In cases where climate change leads to temporal migration, the migrants may shield the household from large welfare losses by bringing back their earned income with new skills. More investments in adaptation to climate change can reduce temporal migration. This will facilitate retaining productive forces, thus boosting the rural economy where agriculture is commonly practiced

Hermetic storage bag supply and training, Post harvest losses and food security in Tanzania

This is a survey data collected in two rounds from the Kilosa district in the Morogoro region located in Eastern Tanzania, which is among the six biggest maize producing regions in Tanzania. Maize is the main food and income generating crop in Kilosa. The district is characterised by a semi-humid tropical climate. Its mean annual rainfall ranges between 800mm and 1400mm. The district receives long-term rainfall from March to early June and ‘short rains’ from November to January. The district experiences a long dry season between June and October. The temperature ranges from 18 to 30 degrees centigrade, depending on the altitude. These conditions offer a typical climate for maize production and a suitable case study area. Although Kilosa district has two rainy seasons, the pattern and amount of rainfall allow for only one harvest of the main staples per cropping season.The survey sample consisted of 420 households in 21 villages in the Kilosa district. The sampling process involved two steps of random selection. First, a list of villages in Kilosa district which met two criteria: (1) maize is the main crop produced by the villagers and (2) maize is the main staple food in the village was obtained; and 21 villages were selected from the list. Second, 20 maize farming households from the household roster in the village office were randomly selected.THIS DATASET IS ARCHIVED AT DANS/EASY, BUT NOT ACCESSIBLE HERE. TO VIEW A LIST OF FILES AND ACCESS THE FILES IN THIS DATASET CLICK ON THE DOI-LINK ABOV

Hermetic storage bag supply and training, Post harvest losses and food security in Tanzania

This is a survey data collected in two rounds from the Kilosa district in the Morogoro region located in Eastern Tanzania, which is among the six biggest maize producing regions in Tanzania. Maize is the main food and income generating crop in Kilosa. The district is characterised by a semi-humid tropical climate. Its mean annual rainfall ranges between 800mm and 1400mm. The district receives long-term rainfall from March to early June and ‘short rains’ from November to January. The district experiences a long dry season between June and October. The temperature ranges from 18 to 30 degrees centigrade, depending on the altitude. These conditions offer a typical climate for maize production and a suitable case study area. Although Kilosa district has two rainy seasons, the pattern and amount of rainfall allow for only one harvest of the main staples per cropping season.The survey sample consisted of 420 households in 21 villages in the Kilosa district. The sampling process involved two steps of random selection. First, a list of villages in Kilosa district which met two criteria: (1) maize is the main crop produced by the villagers and (2) maize is the main staple food in the village was obtained; and 21 villages were selected from the list. Second, 20 maize farming households from the household roster in the village office were randomly selected.THIS DATASET IS ARCHIVED AT DANS/EASY, BUT NOT ACCESSIBLE HERE. TO VIEW A LIST OF FILES AND ACCESS THE FILES IN THIS DATASET CLICK ON THE DOI-LINK ABOV

The Economics of Post Harvest Losses

This is a survey data from the Kilosa district in the Morogoro region located in Eastern Tanzania, which is among the six biggest maize producing regions in Tanzania. Maize is the main food and income generating crop in Kilosa. The district is characterised by a semi-humid tropical climate. Its mean annual rainfall ranges between 800mm and 1400mm. The district receives long-term rainfall from March to early June and ‘short rains’ from November to January. The district experiences a long dry season between June and October. The temperature ranges from 18 to 30 degrees centigrade, depending on the altitude. These conditions offer a typical climate for maize production and a suitable case study area. Although Kilosa district has two rainy seasons, the pattern and amount of rainfall allow for only one harvest of the main staples per cropping season. The survey sample consisted of 420 households in 21 villages in the Kilosa district. The sampling process involved two steps of random selection. First, a list of villages in Kilosa district which met two criteria: (1) maize is the main crop produced by the villagers and (2) maize is the main staple food in the village was obtained; and 21 villages were selected from the list. Second, 20 maize farming households from the household roster in the village office were randomly selected. One household which did not fit the definition of a small-scale farming household was dropped leaving the sample size at 419 households.The data collection process was done in June and July 2015, which is close to the end of the maize farming season in the district

Intimate Partner Violence and Labour Market Outcomes in Tanzania

This paper takes data from the Tanzania National Panel Survey (TNPS) (2008-2009), fits them to the probit model to examine factors driving the probability of women to experience IPV (Intimate Partner Violence) and uses the propensity score matching to estimate the effect of IPV on women’s probability of employment and earnings. The results show that the levels of IPV in Tanzania are still alarmingly high, relative to the levels in the developed countries. It is found that IPV is exacerbated by some male characteristics, including alcohol abuse, young age, polygamy, cohabitation, among others, with violence being higher in the rural areas than in the urban areas. In addition, low property ownership for women is found to contribute to the problem. A majority of women accept to live by the oppressing traditional norms, which they are using to justify IPV. The study finds IPV to be a catalyst to self-employment for women, which may enhance their bargaining. However, the negative side is that the business incomes from such self-employment ventures are likely to be depressed. In view of these findings, we still need to continue the fight against IPV

The Effect of Carrot and Stick Measures in Fostering Taxpayer Compliance in Tanzania: Evidence from a Laboratory Experiment

With the increasing expectation and demand for the government to supply public goods such as water, health, education, and road infrastructure, the pressure to mobilize more domestic revenue in Tanzania cannot be overemphasized. Due to widespread tax evasion, concerted measures are required to foster taxpayer compliance. But how to achieve higher levels of taxpayer compliance with minimum administration costs remains an empirical question to be investigated. This study contributes to that strain by examining the effect of carrot and stick measures on fostering taxpayer compliance. The study used a laboratory experiment design, and was conducted on a sample of 201 undergraduate students from the University of Dar es Salaam. Using a bootstrapped binary logit model, the study found that both carrot and stick measures have a statistically positive effect on taxpayer compliance. However, the effects of these measures on tax compliance were not statistically different, implying that their effects are more or less the same; and that the choice of which measure to use remains largely a matter of choice as affected by the cost of implementation. Available literature suggests that implementation of stick measures in Tanzania is more costly than implementation of carrot measures due to their costs to the government and externalities such as the stress imposed on taxpayers

The Effect of Carrot and Stick Measures in Fostering Taxpayer Compliance in Tanzania: Evidence from a Laboratory Experiment

With the increasing expectation and demand for the government to supply public goods such as water, health, education, and road infrastructure, the pressure to mobilize more domestic revenue in Tanzania cannot be overemphasized. Due to widespread tax evasion, concerted measures are required to foster taxpayer compliance. But how to achieve higher levels of taxpayer compliance with minimum administration costs remains an empirical question to be investigated. This study contributes to that strain by examining the effect of carrot and stick measures on fostering taxpayer compliance. The study used a laboratory experiment design, and was conducted on a sample of 201 undergraduate students from the University of Dar es Salaam. Using a bootstrapped binary logit model, the study found that both carrot and stick measures have a statistically positive effect on taxpayer compliance. However, the effects of these measures on tax compliance were not statistically different, implying that their effects are more or less the same; and that the choice of which measure to use remains largely a matter of choice as affected by the cost of implementation. Available literature suggests that implementation of stick measures in Tanzania is more costly than implementation of carrot measures due to their costs to the government and externalities such as the stress imposed on taxpayers