Child Externalising and Internalising Behaviour in the First Year of School: The Role of Parenting in a Low SES Population

Successful transition and adjustment to school life is critical for a child's future success. To ease this transition a child needs to arrive equipped with the necessary skills for school. The extent of a child’s behavioural problems is one indicator of his or her level of adjustment and school readiness. A factor which is consistently associated with such behaviours is parenting practices. This study examined the role of maternal parenting behaviours on externalising and internalising behaviours displayed by children in their first year of schooling. As children living in low socioeconomic status (SES) families are at risk of both adverse parenting behaviours and childhood behavioural difficulties, the study focuses on a low SES cohort. Mothers (n = 197) reported parenting behaviours using the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ; Robinson, Mandelco, Olsen, & Hart, 2001). Teachers (n = 21) rated children on how frequently they engaged in fifteen behaviours. These behaviours were subjected to an exploratory factor analysis, eliciting two externalising behaviour factors (aggressive and defiant; hyperactive and inattentive) and one internalising behaviour factor. Bivariate analyses revealed that authoritarian parenting is associated with aggressive and defiant behaviours and that permissive parenting and maternal education is associated with hyperactive and inattentive behaviours. Only the latter result remains significant in the multivariate analysis. Finally, no relationships were found between parenting practices and child internalising behaviours. Parenting behaviours explained a small proportion of the variance in child externalising behaviours, highlighting the need to educate parents in effective parenting practices.

Neutrality in Irish mediation, one concept, different meanings

The Mediation Act 2017 places mediation at the heart of the civil justice system in Ireland and protects some of the key principles of mediation. This article discusses neutrality, one of these principles. The article shows how neutrality is discussed by two sets of mediation stakeholders (clients and mediators). Using two data sets, the article demonstrates that both groups recognize the influence of neutrality on the mediation process. At the same time, the article shows that the manner in which both groups discuss neutrality is different

Re-visioning the peer conference : critical language awareness and writing with eighth graders.

This dissertation reports findings from a sociolinguistic ethnographic study that examined relationships between a critical language awareness, peer conferencing, and student writing. The purpose of the study was to use critical language study to develop student understanding of the social, cultural and political aspects of language, thereby promoting democratic classrooms. The study involved the revision of the traditional peer conferencing format to include consideration of the social, cultural, and political aspects of language and power. This pedagogical change was embedded in a critical language awareness curriculum and in a Native American unit of study, and involved eighth graders at a suburban middle school who represented a variety of cultures, ethnicities, socio-economic classes, and abilities. They wrote response papers and stories focused on Native American topics and conferred with their partners regarding the social, cultural, and political aspects of language and power in the representation of Native Americans in their stories and response papers. Students recorded their conference responses on the peer conference sheets, and wrote final drafts of their stories and response papers. Analysis of 20 peer conferences involved thematic and critical discourse microanalysis of student talk and critical discourse microanalysis of student final drafts and revisions of their writing. The critical discourse microanalysis, was based on Fairclough\u27s (1992) approach to discourse analysis. The evidence demonstrates that when students became critical language analysts by providing an alternative frame in which to understand seemingly naturalistic ideologies within a text, students were aware of the relationships between language and power. This position was facilitated through discourses and ideologies presented in the revised curriculum, which assisted them in identifying and analyzing the social, cultural, and political aspects of language. This curriculum included the revised peer conference sheet, history curriculum, and personal experiences. In taking up the critical language analyst subject position, students worked toward a critical and complex understanding of language and power not provided by traditional peer conferencing theory and practice. In doing so, students created a more democratic classroom in which students realized their power and authority to promote social change through language

Report on Children's Profile at School Entry 2008-2009: Evaluation of the 'Preparing For Life' Early Childhood Intervention Programme

The Children's Profile at School Entry (CPSE) was conducted by the UCD Geary Institute who have been commissioned by the Northside Partnership to assess the levels of school readiness in a designated disadvantaged community of Ireland, as part of an overall evaluation of the Preparing for Life (PFL) early childhood intervention programme.

Differential Receptor Usage of Small Ruminant Lentiviruses in Ovine and Caprine Cells: Host Range but not Cytopathic Phenotype Is Determined by Receptor Usage

AbstractThe ovine maedi-visna (MVV) and caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAEV) small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV) exhibit differential species tropism and cytopathic effects in vitro. Icelandic MVV-K1514 is a lytic SRLV which can infect cells from many species in addition to ruminants, whereas a lytic North American MVV strain (85/34) as well as nonlytic MVV strain S93 and CAEV can infect only ruminant cells. In the present study, we determined if differential receptor usage in sheep and goat cells is the basis of differential species tropism or cytopathic phenotype of SRLV. Infection interference assays in sheep and goat synovial membrane cells using pseudotyped CAEV vectors showed that North American MVV strains 85/34 and S93 and CAEV use a common receptor (SRLV receptor A), whereas MVV-K1514 uses a different receptor (SRLV receptor B). In addition, human 293T cells expressing CAEV but not MVV-K1514 envelope glycoproteins fused with a goat cell line persistently infected with MVV-K1514, indicating that MVV-K1514 does not use SRLV receptor A for cell-to-cell fusion. Therefore, our results indicate that the differential species tropism of SRLV is determined by receptor usage. However, receptor usage is unrelated to cytopathic phenotype

The Development of an Online Learning Environment for an Existing Professional Paper.

The purpose of this research is to develop an online learning environment for an existing professional paper which promotes the use of asynchronous online activities to engage learning.  The study involves three phases of developing the online learning environment (the product) using qualitative questionnaires and includes a final interview phase.     Participants are from the CPA P1 Managerial Finance professional accounting e‐learning course.  The product was developed and evolved throughout the three phases of development concluding with a structured e‐learning product that contributes to the online learning environment though student engagement.  The research will identify the fundamental aspects of asynchronous online methods that both enhance and transform the ways in which students engage with their learning. This research would suggest that while the current online learning environment conforms to best practice a need does exist for further research into the feasiblity of the inclusion of a synchronous component to the current online learning environment

Should the insurance industry be banking on risk escalation for solvency II?

Basel II introduced a three pillar approach which concentrated upon new capital ratios (Pillar I), new supervisory procedures (Pillar II) and demanded better overall disclosure to ensure effective market discipline and transparency. Importantly, it introduced operational risk as a standalone area of the bank which for the first time was required to be measured, managed and capital allocated to calculated operational risks. Concurrently, Solvency II regulation in the insurance industry was also re-imagining regulations within the insurance industry and also developing operational risk measures. Given that Basel II was first published in 2004 and Solvency II was set to go live in January 2014. This paper analyses the strategic challenges of Basel II in the UK banking sector and then uses the results to inform a survey of a major UK insurance provider. We report that the effectiveness of Basel II was based around: the reliance upon people for effective decision making; the importance of good training for empowerment of staff; the importance of Board level engagement; and an individual's own world view and perceptions influenced the adoption of an organizational risk culture. We then take the findings to inform a survey utilizing structural equation modelling to analyze risk reporting and escalation in a large UK insurance company. The results indicate that attitude and uncertainty significantly affect individual's intention to escalate operational risk and that if not recognized by insurance companies and regulators will hinder the effectiveness of Solvency II implementation

SALISBURY (Reino Unido) (Inglaterra). Planos de población. 1781. 1:4500

Escala gráfica de un estadio [= 4,3 cm]. Orientado con lis en rosa de ocho vientosRelación de los principales edificios públicos, civiles y religiosos de laciudad indicados por clave alfanumérica y con referencias al plano, reticulado para facilitar su localizaciónExplicación del procedimiento a seguir para encontrar un lugar determinado en el planoTítulo enmarcado en cartela decorada con cuernos de la abundancia y guirnaldas. En el ángulo inferior izquierdo figura un escudo, probablemente el de la propia ciudadforma parte de la Colección Mendoz

CD21-Positive Follicular Dendritic Cells A Possible Source of PrP\u3csup\u3eSc\u3c/sup\u3e in Lymph Node Macrophages of Scrapie-Infected Sheep

Natural sheep scrapie is a prion disease characterized by the accumulation of PrPSc in brain and lymphoid tissues. Previous studies suggested that lymph node macrophages and follicular dendritic cells (FDC) accumulate PrPSc. In this study, lymph nodes were analyzed for the presence of PrPSc and macrophage or FDC markers using dual immunohistochemistry. A monoclonal antibody (mAb) to the C-terminus of PrP reacted with CD172a+ macrophages and CD21+ FDC processes in secondary follicles. However, a PrP N-terminus- specific mAb reacted with CD21+ FDC processes but not CD172a+ macrophages in secondary follicles. Neither the PrP N-terminus nor C-terminus-specific mAb reacted with CD172a+ macrophages in the medulla. These results indicate that lymph node follicular macrophages acquire PrPSc by phagocytosis of CD21+ FDC processes. The results also suggest that follicular macrophages have proteases that process full-length PrPSc to N-terminally truncated PrPSc