Ophiuroids from the Middle Triassic (Muschelkalk) of Sadowa Góra, Jaworzno (southern Poland)

Ophiuroids belonging to Aspiduriella sp., Aspiduriella similis (Eck), and Arenorbis sp. are described from the Middle Triassic (Muschelkalk) strata of the Sadowa Góra Quarry (Jaworzno) in southern Poland. This is the only Polish location where three taxa of these ophiuroids have been found in one stratigraphic horizon (1st Wellenkalk). To date, only single taxa have been found in the Triassic sections of the eastern part of the Germanic Basin. Finally, other ophiuroid mass aggregations also known from Poland are presented

A regurgitalite of the Middle Triassic (Muschelkalk) from Upper Silesia (Poland)

A bromalite from the Middle Triassic (Muschelkalk) of southern Poland, Sadowa Góra Quarry, is herein described and interpreted as a regurgitalite. The fossils occurring within the regurgitalite are angular and have sharp edges. They are represented by common fragments of thin-shelled bivalves as well as rare crinoid and gastropod remains. The composition of the collected inclusion is different from that of the host rock. There are many candidates that could have produced the regurgitalite, including durophagous sharks, marine reptiles, the actinopterygian Colobodus, or nautiloids. Our finding adds to the emerging evidence of durophagous predation in the Triassic sea of Polish part of the Germanic Basin. It is the second record of a regurgitalite from the Muschelkalk of Upper Silesia

CO 2 injection via a horizontal well into the coal seam at the Experimental Mine Barbara in Poland

This study, conducted as part of the ROCCS project, investigates the potential of coal seams for CO2 sequestration through in situ tests. The in situ tests, performed at Experimental Mine Barbara in Mikołów, Poland, involved injecting CO2 through a horizontal well into a coal seam, with variable well lengths and injection parameters. The experiments included monitoring for CO2 leakage and migration within the coal seam. The objective was to examine the correlation between the CO2 injection rate and the coal–CO2 contact area, monitoring for any potential leakage. The total mass of CO2 injected was about 7700 kg. Significant leakage, probably due to the formation of preferential pathways, prevented pressure buildup in the injection well. The results provide insights into challenges regarding CO2 injection into coal seams, with implications for the design of commercial-scale CO2 storage installations

Observer and relocation errors matter in resurveys of historical vegetation plots

Aim: Revisits of non-permanent, relocatable plots first surveyed several decades ago offer a direct way to observe vegetation change and form a unique and increasingly used source of information for global change research. Despite the important insights that can be obtained from resurveying these quasi-permanent vegetation plots, their use is prone to both observer and relocation errors. Studying the combined effects of both error types is important since they will play out together in practice and it is yet unknown to what extent observed vegetation changes are influenced by these errors. Methods: We designed a study that mimicked all steps in a resurvey study and that allowed determination of the magnitude of observer errors only vs the joint observer and relocation errors. Communities of vascular plants growing in the understorey of temperate forests were selected as study system. Ten regions in Europe were covered to explore generality across contexts and 50 observers were involved, which deliberately differed in their experience in making vegetation records. Results: The mean geographic distance between plots in the observer+relocation error data set was 24m. The mean relative difference in species richness in the observer error and the observer+relocation data set was 15% and 21%, respectively. The mean pseudo-turnover between the five records at a quasi-permanent plot location was on average 0.21 and 0.35 for the observer error and observer+relocation error data sets, respectively. More detailed analyses of the compositional variation showed that the nestedness and turnover components were of equal importance in the observer data set, whereas turnover was much more important than nestedness in the observer+relocation data set. Interestingly, the differences between the observer and the observer+relocation data sets largely disappeared when looking at temporal change: both the changes in species richness and species composition over time were very similar in these data sets. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that observer and relocation errors are non-negligible when resurveying quasi-permanent plots. A careful interpretation of the results of resurvey studies is warranted, especially when changes are assessed based on a low number of plots. We conclude by listing measures that should be taken to maximally increase the precision and the strength of the inferences drawn from vegetation resurveys

Impacts of soil conditions and light availability on natural regeneration of Norway spruce Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. in low-elevation mountain forests

& Key message Natural regeneration of P. abies (L.) H. Karst. may reach high densities in lower mountain elevations. The highest densities were found in sites with moderate light availability, with low pH, and not near the riverbank. However, age-height classes differed in the predicted magnitude of response, but were consistent in response directions. Mosses and understory species typical of coniferous forests were positively correlated with regeneration density. & Context Norway spruce Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. in Central Europe is at risk under climate change scenarios, particularly in mountain regions. Little is known about the impact of environmental factors on the natural regeneration of P. abies in lowelevation mountain forests. & Aims We aimed to assess impacts of distance from the riverbank, soil pH, and light availability on natural P. abies regeneration. We hypothesized that (1) natural P. abiesregeneration would depend on light availability and soil pH and (2) there are understory plant species which may indicate the microsites suitable for natural regeneration of P. abies. & Methods The study was conducted in the Stołowe Mountains National Park (SW Poland, 600–800 m a.s.l.). We established 160 study plots (25 m2 ) for natural regeneration, light availability, soil pH, and understory vegetation assessment

An interdisciplinary approach to the design of new functions of post-mining areas in a university architectural research programme an example of cooperation between the city of Jaworzno and the Silesian University of Technology in Gliwice

The need to limit the expansion of cities, towards green suburbs, makes it necessary to take action to restore the functions of degraded areas located within urbanised spaces. An area with still unexploited potential is land abandoned after mining. A limitation to their effective use is the lack of support from administrative bodies on the natural and cultural significance of abandoned pits and the fear of the built environment of having to deal with the environmental burdens associated with the effects of former exploitation. The aim of this article is to present the results of cooperation between the geological administration and the scientific community, in terms of sustainable development of post-mining spaces, exemplified by a field workshop organised for students of the Faculty of Architecture of the Silesian University of Technology in Gliwice, in the academic year 2020/2021, in the area of the former Middle Triassic limestone excavation pit, Sadowa Góra, in Jaworzno (in the Silesian Voivodeship). The combination of expert knowledge in architectural design and landscape architecture with the practical experience of post-mining site administrators was used as a basis for educational activiies, in the implementation of a project task to design an interdisciplinary research station space in the former Sadowa Góra quarry in Jaworzno, surrounded by an open and friendly social space, exploiting the potential of objects with unique natural and cultural values, discovered or produced in the process of rock exploitation

Incineration of volatile organic compounds in the presence of the hydrotalcite origin metal oxide catalysts.

Lotne związki organiczne (LZO) to grupa związków organicznych, mających w temperaturze 20,15°C prężność par nie mniejszą niż 0,01 kPa, bądź też posiadających analogiczną lotność w szczególnych warunkach użytkowania. Nazwą tą objętych jest wiele rodzajów związków chemicznych, spośród których najliczniej reprezentowane są: węglowodory, tlenkowe związki organiczne i halogenowe związki organiczne. Z uwagi na to, że LZO są niebezpieczne dla środowiska naturalnego i zdrowia, przepisy prawa ściśle określają ilości emisji określonych substancji do atmosfery oraz ilość tych substancji w gotowych produktach. Istnieje kilka metod zmniejszania emisji LZO. Do najważniejszych zalicza się metody absorpcyjne, metody adsorpcyjne, metody spalania, metody kondensacji a także systemy kombinowane. Obiecującą metodą redukcji emisji LZO jest katalityczne utlenianie, będące przedmiotem badań tej pracy magisterskiej. Jako katalizatory wykorzystywano w tym procesie trzy serie materiałów hydrotalkitowych:- I seria - materiały zawierające kationy Cu-Mg-Al, Cu-Zn-Al, Cu-Mg-Fe, Cu Zn Fe,- II seria - materiały zawierające kationy Mg-Al-Ti, Zn-Al-Ti, Mg-Cu-Al-Ti,- III seria - materiały zawierające kationy Cu-Co-Al-Mg, Co-Al-Mg i Cu-Al-Mg. Materiały hydrotalkitowe otrzymano metodą współstrącania z zastosowaniem roztworów odpowiednich azotanów metali. Charakterystyka fizykochemiczna próbek obejmowała w przypadku prekursorów hydrotalkitowych - badania strukturalne (XRD) oraz rozkłady termiczne, a dla układów tlenkowych - badania teksturalne (BET). Dla procesu całkowitego utleniania metanolu przetestowano układy tlenkowe wszystkich katalizatorów. Dodatkowo dla serii katalizatorów zawierających kationy Cu-Co-Al-Mg, Co-Al-Mg i Cu-Al-Mg przeprowadzono utlenianie metanu oraz kwasu mrówkowego.Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a group of organic compounds, having at temperature of 20,15 ° C vapor pressure of not less than 0.01 kPa, or having similar volatility under the particular conditions of use. In this group the most strongly represented are: hydrocarbons, oxide, organic compounds and halogen compounds. Due to the fact that the VOCs are hazardous to the environment and health laws strictly govern emissions of certain substances into the atmosphere and the quantity of these substances in the finished product. There are several methods of reducing of VOC emissions. The most important methods include absorption and adsorption, combustion, condensing and combination methods. A promising method of reducing VOC emissions is the catalytic oxidation, which is the subject of of this thesis. There series of hydrotalcite materials were used as catalysts precursors:- I Series - materials containing cations Cu-Mg-Al, Cu-Zn-Al, Cu-Mg-Fe, Cu, Zn, Fe, - II Series - materials containing cations of Mg-Al-Ti, Zn-Al-Ti, Mg-Cu-Al-Ti, - III Series - materials containing cations Cu-Co-Al-Mg, Co-Al-Cu-Mg and Al-Mg. The hydrotalcite materials were obtained by coprecipitation method using solutions of the corresponding metal nitrates. Physico-chemical characteristics of samples included in the case of hydrotalcite precursors - structural studies (XRD) and thermal decomposition (TG), and for the oxide systems - analysis of textural parameters (BET). For the complete oxidation of methanol all the oxide catalysts has been tested. In addition for the series of catalysts containing Cu-Co-Al-Mg, Co-Al-Mg and Cu-Al-Mg studies of oxidation of methane and formic acid were done

Social engagement content on Instagram. Analysis of selected cases

Tematem pracy są treści związane z zaangażowaniem społecznym udostępniane w serwisie społecznościowym Instagram. Celem pracy jest zdiagnozowanie powodów rosnącego wykorzystania aplikacji do szerzenia informacji o charakterze społecznym, a także analiza tych treści oraz internautów, będących zarazem twórcami i odbiorcami tego zjawiska. W teorii omówiono czym są media społecznościowe, jak powstał serwis społecznościowy Instagram, jak działa oraz przybliżono definicję zaangażowania społecznego. W części badawczej wykorzystano dwie metody - badanie ankietowe oraz netnograficzą analizą wybranych profili. W badaniu ankietowym uzyskano próbę 85 osób, natomiast przy pomocy analizy netnograficznej zbadano 4 profile na Instagramie.The subject of the thesis is content related to social engagement shared on the Instagram. The aim of the study is to diagnose the reasons for the growing use of the application to disseminate information of a social nature, as well as to analyze this content and users, who are at the same time creators and recipients of this occurrence. In theory part, it was discussed what social media are, how the Instagram was created, how it works and the definition of social involvement was introduced. Two methods were used in the research part - a questionnaire and a netnographic analysis of selected profiles. In the survey, a sample of 85 people was obtained, while 4 profiles on Instagram were examined using a netnographic analysis

Manager's function on the example of the fuel industry

Praca miała na celu przybliżyć rolę, funkcję a także style kierowania menedżera, zwłaszcza w branży paliwowej. W nowocześnie zarządzanych organizacjach coraz większą uwagę skupia się na pozyskaniu wykwalifikowanej i zaangażowanej kadry pracowników oraz wykształconych i przedsiębiorczych menedżerów, którzy będą pełnili role przywódcze. Dla przyszłych menedżerów wyzwaniem będzie umiejętne kierowanie zespołami ludzi, wykorzystanie ich umiejętności a także skłonienie do współdziałania. W dzisiejszych czasach liczy się zdolność twórczego angażowania się zasobów ludzkich oraz partnerskiego współdziałania w tworzeniu innowacji bądź realizowaniu zadania. Można to osiągnąć dzięki tworzeniu odpowiedniej atmosfery, w której może się rozwijać pomysłowość osób zatrudnionych oraz ich inwencja twórcza. Celem pobudzenia oraz stymulacji pomysłowości, menedżer powinien tworzyć tzw. kulturę przedsiębiorczą, która ułatwi zgłaszanie pomysłów, koordynację, integrację oraz motywację a także możliwość utrwalania podzielanych wartości. Menedżer musi pobudzać i stymulować indywidualną oraz zespołową inteligencję. Firma dzięki mądrości swojej kadry menedżerskiej oraz motywacji osiągnięć pracowników może sięgać po nowe, niekonwencjonalne rozwiązania, lepiej planować swoją przyszłość.The work was aimed at presenting the role, function and management styles of the manager, especially in the fuel industry. In modernly managed organizations, more and more attention is focused on acquiring qualified and committed staff, as well as educated and entrepreneurial managers who will play leadership roles. For future managers, the challenge will be to skillfully manage teams of people, use their skills, and make them cooperate. Nowadays the ability to creatively engage human resources and partner cooperation in creating innovations or completing tasks is what counts. This can be achieved by creating the right atmosphere in which the ingenuity of the employed and their creativity can develop. In order to stimulate and stimulate ingenuity, the manager should create the so-called an entrepreneurial culture that will facilitate the submission of ideas, coordination, integration and motivation, as well as the possibility of consolidating shared values. The manager must stimulate and stimulate individual and team intelligence. Thanks to the wisdom of its managerial staff and the motivation of employees' achievements, the company can reach for new, unconventional solutions, and better plan its future

Optimization of the distribution of drilling boreholes in methane production from coal seams

The paper presents an evaluation of methane production from coal seams. The Warszowice-Pawłowice Północ deposit was selected for numerical modelling of methane production. The numerical model was made for a fragment of this deposit of about 2 km2. The numerical model was constructed for 6 seams. Three deposits were selected for simulation of methane production. Three horizontal boreholes were designed within the model area, referring to the existing Suszec19 borehole. A number of simulations related to methane production from the selected deposits were performed. They included different variants of the number of boreholes and also took into account the z-pinnate method. The analyses proved that the most advantageous is the production of 3 directional boreholes simultaneously with the z-pinnate method. For this variant the degree of methane production was 21.9% of the estimated resources