Temporal Changes in the Diversity and Composition of Tropical Andean Forest Communities

During the last few thousand years, human population growth and resource use has been reshaping the planet’s nutrient cycles, climate and biodiversity and might be causing significant changes to spatial and temporal patterns in the distribution of species, and a general erosion of biodiversity at global scales. Many studies have been looking to model and predict how species could respond to actual rates of change on environmental conditions, with a high interest in terms of species distribution and richness with potential extinctions. However, how global change impact local communities still remains unclear. Moreover, previous research suffers from a significant bias against Tropical montane regions. In this study, we evaluate whether diversity and composition of communities in an Andean Tropical forest are changing, potentially in response to changes in environmental conditions. We analyze the dynamics in 26 forest plots that are part of a larger network of nearly 490 plots located on the eastern slopes of the Bolivian Andes. We quantify mortality and recruitment rates, document changes in diversity and compare changes in species composition to null model expectations. We have that mortality and recruitment rates occur at about 1.6% per year, and that richness seems to be increasing in regions of cold climates, but decreasing in warm regions. Finally, we find evidence that community composition is shifting across all environmental conditions. Our analyses support the idea that communities in the Tropical Andes are going through changes consistent with an effect of global change. However, the final causes for the changes we observe are yet unknown. Understanding the responses of forest communities is urgently needed to advance theory in community ecology, but also to understand and manage natural ecosystems in a changing World

The Contributions of the Unwanted

According to the U.S. Constitution as construed by the Plyler v. Doe, 457 U.S. 202 (1982) Supreme Court Case, all children in the United States - from kindergarten through grade twelve - have a right to a free public education regardless of citizenship; however, undocumented students seeking to continue their education beyond high school face multiple barriers. Little is known about the actual experiences of undocumented students who have acquired a university degree. The purpose of this study was to understand the collegiate experiences of undocumented students, specifically the process of persisting through college graduation and their contributions to society post graduation. This study employed qualitative data methods to explore undocumented students\u27 collegiate experiences. Twenty-one in-depth interviews were conducted. A concept modeling approach (Padilla, 1991) was the method of data analysis used to understand and describe their experiences. The following research questions guided the study: 1) How do undocumented students access U.S. colleges? 2) What barriers complicate their efforts to persist? 3) What factors support their efforts to persist? 4) In what ways have undocumented college graduates contributed to society? The findings of the study revealed that accessing and persisting through college involved several elements of encouragement and discouragement. The elements of encouragement included: college preparatory programs and events, advice from counselors and teachers, private scholarships, family and friends, networking groups, and life improvements. The elements of discouragement consisted of: the predicament of having undocumented status, advice from counselors, the lack of federal funds available for undocumented students, economic hardships, familial obstacles, and undocumented stigmatism. In addition, the data indicated a number of ways participants contributed to society. For example, upon college graduation all participants choose careers in the helping professions. They became teachers, counselors, advisors, medical doctors, scholars, and administrators. The significance of this study contributed to the knowledge of student persistence in higher education, immigrant student experiences, and state and federal immigration policy

Efficacy of curcumin in ameliorating the toxic effects of ochratoxin A and aflatoxin in young broilers [abstract]

Abstract only availableTwo experiments (hatch to 21 days) were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of curcumin to ameliorate the toxic effects of aflatoxin (AF; Exp.1) and ochratoxin A (OA; Exp. 2). Food grade turmeric powder (Curcuma longa) containing 2.55% (Exp. 1) and 1.90% (Exp. 2) total curcuminoids (TCMN) was the source of curcumin. In Exp. 1, six pen replicates of 5 chicks each were assigned to each of 6 dietary treatments: A) basal diet with no TCMN or AF (BD); B) BD plus 444 mg/kg TCMN;C) BD plus 1.0 mg/kg AF; D) BD plus 74 mg/kg TCMN and 1.0 mg/kg AF;E) BD plus 222 mg/kg TCMN and 1.0 mg/kg AF; and F) BD plus 444 mg/kg TCMN and 1.0 mg/kg AF. Compared with controls, the addition of 1 mg/kg AF to the basal diet decreased (P < 0.05) feed intake (FI) and weight gain (WG). The addition of 74 and 222 mg/kg TCMN to the AF diet improved (P < 0.05) WG. In Exp. 2, five pen replicates of 5 chicks each were assigned to each of 5 dietary treatments: A) basal diet with no TCMN or OA (BD); B) BD plus 2.5 mg OA/kg diet; C) BD plus 2.5 mg OA/kg and 75 mg/kg TCMN; D) BD plus 2.5 mg OA/kg and 150 mg/kg TCMN; and E) BD plus 2.5 mg OA/kg diet and 225 mg/kg TCMN. Compared to controls, chicks fed OA had reduced (P < 0.001) feed FI and WG. The addition of up to 225 mg/kg to the OA diet was not effective in preventing the toxic effects of OA. Addition of 222 mg/kg TCMN to the AF diet was partially effective in protecting chicks from the toxic effects of AF, but 225 mg/kg TCMN was not effective in protecting chicks from the toxic effects of OA.CAFNR On Campus Research Internshi

Factores presentes en el cumplimiento del Esquema de Vacunación en madres de niños menores de 5 años que asisten a un Centro de Salud - Santa Anita 2021

El presente estudio presentó como objetivo general determinar los factores presentes en el cumplimiento del esquema de vacunación en niños menores de 5 años que asisten a un Centro de Salud – Santa Anita 2021. El estudio tuvo un enfoque cuantitativo, no experimental, tipo transversal y de diseño descriptivo. La muestra fue de 84 madres que asisten a un Centro de Salud. En referencia a los resultados de las dimensiones: sociodemográfico señalan que en el factor edad, el 63% de las madres que cumplen tienen entre 20 a 30 años; en el factor ocupación, el 40% hacen labores del hogar; en el factor tipo de vivienda, el 49% tienen viviendas compartidas; el factor número de hijos, el 60% tienen un solo hijo; dimensión institucional señalan que en el factor distancia del Centro de Salud, el 64% de las madres que cumplen nunca presentan una dificultad; en el factor horario de atención, el 71% de las madres a veces están de acuerdo con el horario de atención del Centro de Salud; en el factor tiempo de espera , el 77% las madres a veces están de acuerdo; en el factor disponibilidad de vacunas, el 77% de las madres a veces encuentran las vacunas; en el factor reacciones post vacunal, el 83% las enfermeras siempre le informan; en el factor próxima cita, el 93% las enfermeras siempre le informan acerca de su próxima cita; en el factor percepción de interés que muestran los colaboradores de enfermería, el 82% el personal está muy interesada; dimensión cognitivo señalan que el 92% de las madres tienen un conocimiento alto sobre las vacunas que se le colocan a sus niños. se concluye que las madres de niños menores de 5 años cumplen con el esquema de vacunación teniendo un nivel de conocimiento alto

Strategies to Decrease Movement Variability in the Ankle Joint in Cyclists

Coordination variability is thought to be indicative of a cyclist’s skill level as novices have higher levels of variability than experts (Sides & Wilson, 2012). It was hypothesized that the externally focused instructions with visual feedback group would decrease coordination variability in the ankle joint to a greater extent than those in the internally focused instructions with visual feedback group. Six cyclists (30-40 years) completed a four day acquisition period and a retention test. During this time participants cycled for 10-15 minutes at a power output equal to 2.0-2.5W/kg of body mass. Participants were provided with internally or externally focused instructions and visual feedback relating to those instructions. Two separate 6 (Trial Block) X 2 (Group) Mixed Model Repeated Measures ANOVAs were used to determine if the groups’ coordination variability (via MARP and DP values) changed as a result of the intervention. Both groups responded in a similar manner with DP values increasing above pretest values because participants were asked to perform a new task. DP values tended to decrease during the intervention and at retention, DP values continued to decrease. It is believed that the intervention was not long enough to cause a lasting change in how cyclists performed

Beyond legal truths : impunity, memory, and Maya autonomous justice after the Acteal massacre

This dissertation analyzes the production of impunity in Mexico and its long-term, transgenerational effects for the victims of state violence. I study the creation and circulation of top-down narratives about the Acteal massacre (Chiapas, Mexico, 1997), juxtaposing them with the marginalized trajectories of survivors’ testimonies toward embodied practices of memory. Departing from the analysis of prosecutors’ legal construction of the massacre I examine the role of racism in the distortions, manipulations, and mediations of survivors’ testimonies. By tracing the routes of this and other representations of the massacre and its actors in the judiciary, media, academia, and across advocacy networks, this research historicizes the process through which the “legal truth” about the Acteal case has been constructed and theorizes the erasure mechanisms of this process through the concept of “judicial limpiezas.” I argue that various actors within these realms of knowledge/truth production have paradoxically laid the foundations for the operation of impunity while simultaneously attempting to protect indigenous rights. This paradox, I suggest, finds its origins in the insidious continuities between settler colonialism and the politics of humanitarianism. My research proposes to understand impunity, not as an absence or inaction, but as productivity that reinscribes colonial difference through the lines of race and gender, and the silences that impunity actively creates, as embodied, racializing discourses. For this purpose, I explore the multilayered encounter of the Supreme Court of Justice (SCJ) ministers’ positivist ideas about truth and justice with those of Maya survivors, and of their mestizo human rights lawyers. By analyzing the Acteal case’s itinerary through the SCJ as a process of judicialization of politics, my dissertation theorizes the ways the state has found in the judiciary an undemocratic but legitimized space to constrict—and sometimes erase—the rights of dissident indigenous peoples precisely at the moment when they are trying to invoke these very rights in the courts. I contend that this process has both actualized a new authoritarian dimension of neoliberal multiculturalism—in which humanitarian solidarity is complicit—and produced innovative, radical responses from Maya survivors struggling to devise an autonomous kind of justice based on memory.Anthropolog

Actitudes hacia las personas transgénero e ideología política en médicos y no médicos de Lima Metropolitana

La presente investigación exploró la relación entre los niveles de autoritarismo de ala derecha (RWA) y dominancia social (SDO) con las actitudes hacia las personas transgénero tanto en médicos como no médicos de Lima Metropolitana. Para ello, se evaluó a 213 personas, de los cuales, el 51% eran médicos o estudiantes de medicina, mientras que el 49% de otras carreras. En ambos grupos se evaluaron las actitudes negativas hacia las personas transgénero mediante un instrumento adaptado para esta investigación: la Escala de Actitudes y Creencias hacia las Personas Transgénero (TABS), mientras que las variables de ideología política fueron medidas con la Escala de Autoritarismo de Ala Derecha y la Escala de Dominancia Social, ambas validadas en el contexto sudamericano. Los resultados indicaron que existía una relación inversa entre las variables de ideología política y las actitudes positivas hacia las personas trangénero para ambos grupos; sin embargo, al profundizar sobre esta se halló que el sexo y profesión eran relevantes, en tanto las mujeres médicas tenían actitudes menos negativas a la par que eran menos autoritarias, posiblemente por el contexto más igualitario en el que se desenvuelven.The following investigation explored the relation between right wing authoritarianism (RWA) and social dominance (SDO) levels with the attitudes towards transgender people among physicians as well as general people in Metropolitan Lima. The sample consisted on 213 participants whom 51% were physicians or medicine students whilst 49% were from other professional careers. In both groups the negative attitudes towards transgender people was evaluated with an instrument adapted from its original version for this context: The Transgender Attitudes and Beliefs Scale (TABS); while the measurement of the variables of political ideology was made with The Right-Wing Authoritarianism Scale and The Social Dominance Scale, both validated in south american context. Results indicated an inverse correlation between the variables of political ideology and the positive attitudes towards transgender people in the two groups; however, after deeper analysis the variables of sex and profession became relevant since women physicians showed less negative attitudes and were less authoritarian, possibly due the more egalitarian context where they unfold.Tesi

Índice CPOD y ceo-d en niños de 6 a 8 años de la I. E. “30225 La Alborada” El Tambo 2022

Introducción: la caries dental que se presenta en niños con dentición primaria se ha convertido en un factor de riesgo para que desarrollen caries en la dentición permanente porque la enfermedad es multifactorial y altamente infecciosa, siendo los infantes los más vulnerables a ello; esto se produce por falta de la práctica de hábitos de higiene bucal y una mala dieta alimentaria. Objetivo: identificar el índice CPOD y ceo-d en niños de 6 a 8 años de la I. E. 30225, La Alborada, El Tambo, 2022