Análise microbiológica de isolados de Fusarium spp. obtidos em um hospital de oncologia do Rio de janeiro, Brasil

Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-07T14:17:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) alessandra_chaves_ini_mest_2015.pdf: 2765650 bytes, checksum: e8cf961d4214a980bd6ca3dacd688106 (MD5)Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fungos do gênero Fusarium spp. são ubíquos e geralmente não são patogênicos. Algumas espécies termotolerantes podem causar infecção localizada em pele traumatizada e unhas de hospedeiros imunocompetentes. Grave infecção disseminada é comum em pacientes imunossuprimidos, principalmente neutropênicos portadores de neoplasias. Fusarium spp. tem sido relatado como patógeno emergente em centros oncológicos, sendo considerado atualmente a terceira causa de micose invasiva no Instituto Nacional do Câncer \2013 Inca, Rio de Janeiro. É fundamental o diagnóstico precoce do fungo, assim como a correta identificação laboratorial da espécie isolada, para se estabelecer o correto tratamento e o sucesso terapêutico. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar isolados de Fusarium spp., de origem clínica e ambiental, por técnicas fenotípicas e genotípicas, e o perfil de sensibilidade aos antifúngicos em um hospital de oncologia do Rio de Janeiro, no período de janeiro a setembro de 2014. Foram avaliados 42 isolados de Fusarium spp., sendo 35 isolados clínicos provenientes de 19 pacientes com cultura positiva para Fusarium spp., obtidos principalmente de hemoculturas, e sete isolados ambientais provenientes de diferentes locais do hospital, obtidos durante investigação epidemiológica nas enfermarias onde os pacientes estavam internados. Dezessete pacientes apresentaram fusariose, um paciente teve infecção localizada de pele e outro paciente apenas colonização em lavado brônquico alveolar. A maioria é representada por pacientes pediátricos (58,8%), do gênero masculino (58,8%), neutropênicos (52,9%), com doença de base hematológica (70,6%), internados no hospital e submetidos à quimioterapia (88,2%) Todos os pacientes com fusariose utilizaram cateter de longa duração. Através da amplificação e sequenciamento da região Internally Transcribed Spacer (ITS) e do gene Elongator Factor 1\03B1 (EF), foi possível indentificar três espécies diferentes. O isolado mais frequente foi FOSC - complexo de espécies Fusarium oxysporum (32; 76,2%), seguido de FSSC - complexo de espécies Fusarium solani (9; 21,4%) e FIESC - complexo de espécies Fusarium incarnatum equiseti (1; 2,4%). Foi possível identificar 100% de similaridade entre 31 isolados clínicos e uma amostra ambiental obtida na sala de manutenção de cateter do hospital, identificados como FOSC. Houve boa correlação entre os resultados das identificações morfológica e molecular dos isolados. Anfotericina B foi a única droga com atividade in vitro, com CIM 2-8 \03BCg/ml para os isolados clínicos, sugerindo resistência. Posaconazol não demonstrou inibição do crescimento. Enquanto voriconazol demonstrou valores mais elevados de CIM para FOSC, com MG de 10,7 \03BCg/ml, quando comparado a FSSC, com MG de 8 \03BCg/ml. Não houve diferença significativa entre a sensibilidade dos antifúngicos testados e as espécies identificadas. Os resultados encontrados confirmam a resistência intrínseca natural do gêneroFungi of the genus Fusarium spp. are ubiquitous and are generally non-pathogenic. Some thermotolerant species can cause localized infection in traumatized skin and nail of immunocompetent hosts. Severe disseminated infection is common in immunocompromised patients, especially neutropenic patients with cancer. Fusarium spp. has been reported as an emerging pathogen in cancer centers, and is currently considered the third leading cause of invasive mycosis at the National Cancer Institute - INCA, Rio de Janeiro. It is essential the early detection of the fungus, as well as the correct laboratory identification of isolated species, to establish the correct treatment and therapeutic success. The objective of this study was to identify isolates of Fusarium spp., of clinical and environmental origin, by phenotypic and genotypic techniques, and the sensitivity profile to antifungal agents from an oncology hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from January-September 2014. Forty-two isolates of Fusarium spp. were evaluated, 35 clinical isolates from 19 patients obtained mainly from blood cultures and seven environmental isolates from different locations in the hospital, obtained during epidemiological investigation in the wards of the patients. Seventeen patients had fusariosis, one patient had localized infection of the skin and another patient had bronchial alveolar colonization. Most are represented by pediatric patients (58.8%), males (58.8%), neutropenics (52.9%), with hematologic underlying disease (70.6%) admitted to hospital and underwent chemotherapy (88.2%) All patients with fusariosis used long-term catheter. By amplification and sequencing the Internal Transcriber Spacer region (ITS) and Elongator Factor 1\03B1 gene (EF), it was possible to identify three different species. The most frequent isolate was FOSC - Fusarium oxysporum species complex (32; 76.2%), followed FSSC - Fusarium solani species complex (9; 21.4%) and FIESC - Fusarium incarnatum equiseti species complex (1; 2.4%). It was possible to identify 100% - similarity among 31 clinical isolates and an environmental sample obtained from the hospital catheter maintenance room, identified as FOSC. There was a good correlation between the results of morphological and molecular identification of the isolates. Amphotericin B was the only drug with in vitro activity with MIC 2-8 \03BCg/ml for clinical isolates, suggesting resistance. Posaconazole showed no growth inhibition. Voriconazole showed higher MIC values for FOSC, 10.7 \03BCg/ml, compared to FSSC, 8 \03BCg/ml. There was no significant difference between the sensitivity of the antifungal tested and identified species. The results confirm the natural intrinsic resistance of the genu

First description of Candida nivariensis in Brazil: antifungal susceptibility profile and potential virulence attributes

Submitted by Janaína Nascimento ([email protected]) on 2019-02-07T13:02:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ve_Figueiredo-Carvalho_etal_INI_2016.pdf: 464438 bytes, checksum: ee6d22cc7f1982b3f79ad8fd32c6aa94 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Janaína Nascimento ([email protected]) on 2019-02-13T21:34:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ve_Figueiredo-Carvalho_etal_INI_2016.pdf: 464438 bytes, checksum: ee6d22cc7f1982b3f79ad8fd32c6aa94 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2019-02-13T21:34:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ve_Figueiredo-Carvalho_etal_INI_2016.pdf: 464438 bytes, checksum: ee6d22cc7f1982b3f79ad8fd32c6aa94 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Micologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes. Departamento de Microbiologia Geral. Laboratório de Investigação de Peptidases. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Micologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Instituto Nacional de Câncer. Laboratório de Micologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Instituto Nacional de Câncer. Laboratório de Micologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes. Departamento de Microbiologia Geral. Laboratório de Investigação de Peptidases. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Micologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Micologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.This study evaluated the antifungal susceptibility profile and the production of potential virulence attributes in a clinical strain of Candida nivariensis for the first time in Brazil, as identified by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS)1-5.8S-ITS2 region and D1/D2 domains of the 28S of the rDNA. For comparative purposes, tests were also performed with reference strains. All strains presented low planktonic minimal inhibitory concentrations (PMICs) to amphotericin B (AMB), caspofungin (CAS), and voriconazole. However, our strain showed elevated planktonic MICs to posaconazole (POS) and itraconazole, in addition to fluconazole resistance. Adherence to inert surfaces was conducted onto glass and polystyrene. The biofilm formation and antifungal susceptibility on biofilm-growing cells were evaluated by crystal violet staining and a XTT reduction assay. All fungal strains were able to bind both tested surfaces and form biofilm, with a binding preference to polystyrene (p < 0.001). AMB promoted significant reductions (≈50%) in biofilm production by our C. nivariensis strain using both methodologies. This reduction was also observed for CAS and POS, but only in the XTT assay. All strains were excellent protease producers and moderate phytase producers, but lipases were not detected. This study reinforces the pathogenic potential of C. nivariensis and its possible resistance profile to the azolic drugs generally used for candidiasis management

Association between breakfast frequency and physical activity and sedentary time : a cross-sectional study in children from 12 countries

BackgroundExisting research has documented inconsistent findings for the associations among breakfast frequency, physical activity (PA), and sedentary time in children. The primary aim of this study was to examine the associations among breakfast frequency and objectively-measured PA and sedentary time in a sample of children from 12 countries representing a wide range of human development, economic development and inequality. The secondary aim was to examine interactions of these associations between study sites.MethodsThis multinational, cross-sectional study included 6228 children aged 9-11years from the 12 International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment sites. Multilevel statistical models were used to examine associations between self-reported habitual breakfast frequency defined using three categories (breakfast consumed 0 to 2days/week [rare], 3 to 5days/week [occasional] or 6 to 7days/week [frequent]) or two categories (breakfast consumed less than daily or daily) and accelerometry-derived PA and sedentary time during the morning (wake time to 1200h) and afternoon (1200h to bed time) with study site included as an interaction term. Model covariates included age, sex, highest parental education, body mass index z-score, and accelerometer waking wear time.ResultsParticipants averaged 60 (s.d. 25) min/day in moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), 315 (s.d. 53) min/day in light PA and 513 (s.d. 69) min/day sedentary. Controlling for covariates, breakfast frequency was not significantly associated with total daily or afternoon PA and sedentary time. For the morning, frequent breakfast consumption was associated witha higher proportion of time in MVPA (0.3%), higher proportion of time in light PA (1.0%) and lower min/day and proportion of time sedentary (3.4min/day and 1.3%) than rare breakfast consumption (all p0.05). No significant associations were found when comparing occasional with rare or frequent breakfast consumption, or daily with less than daily breakfast consumption. Very few significant interactions with study site were found.ConclusionsIn this multinational sample of children, frequent breakfast consumption was associated with higher MVPA and light PA time and lower sedentary time in the morning when compared with rare breakfast consumption, although the small magnitude of the associations may lack clinical relevance.Trial registrationThe International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment (ISCOLE) is registered at(Identifier NCT01722500).Peer reviewe

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data