Mercury or Mercury Free Restorations in Oral Cavity

Amalgam is basically a concoction of metals that has been used as a potent filling material in dentistry for the last 150 years. Amalgam usually consists of silver, mercury, tin and copper. Dental amalgam is a material used to fill cavities of tooth. Over the years, amalgam has become a topic of concern because it contains mercury. Mercury is a naturally occurring metal in the environment. Mercury exists as a liquid in room temperature but when heated, it becomes a gas. Flexibility of amalgam as a filling material is due Mercury. An alloy powder, a compound that is soft in nature when mixed with mercury makes it enough to mix and condense into the tooth. It hardens quickly and offers strong resistance to the forces of biting and chewing. There are studies reported on the safety of amalgam fillings. In 2005, European Union launched a comprehensive mercury strategy to reduce use of mercury. In 2008, countries like Norway and Denmark restricted the use of dental amalgam containing mercury. In 2009, this research was evaluated by U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and found no rationale to limit the use of amalgam. There are certain restorative materials that are available commercially that are mercury free in nature like Gold, Porcelain, Gallium alloys, Composite resin restoratives etc. They offer many advantages over amalgams containing mercury like: seals the dentin from future decay, reinforces remaining tooth structure, provides smooth and bonded margins, conservative and it blends naturally

An Innovative Approach of High Performance CMOS Based Current Conveyor-II for ASP Applications

The main purpose of the paper is to present a CMOS current conveyor circuit which is best suited for the implementation of low- voltage, low-power and high bandwidth circuits. To achieve the bandwidth of current transfer function the circuit can be operated for a power supply of fraction of volt which is of MHz range and a power consumption of milli-watt range. Firstly, a class A current conveyor circuit operating from a single supply of fraction of volt having a high voltage swing capability is discussed and then the same circuit is modi#64257ed to work as a class AB with a low voltage power supply in the fraction of volt range, while maintaining the same voltage swing capability. The body effect causes the threshold voltage variation and the current circuit realization is insensitive to it, which minimizes the layout area and makes both the circuits a valuable addition to the analog signal processing applications. The proposed structure has the required performance in terms of a bandwidth with level 3 CMOS technology and it operates as a linear circuit which is established with the help of 0.3 microm simulation using the PSpice software. In the field of analog signal processing this proposed current conveyor circuit has many applications. At 0.2microm the proposed circuit operates satisfactorily with high performance with the desired applications. The desired properties and the performance of the proposed circuit are confirmed by the PSpice simulation with the modeled parameters

Transition Metal Complexes of 6-Methyl-2-Amino Benzothiazole -Part III

Complexes of the type ML/sub2/X/sub2/ and ML/sub4/X/sub2/ (where M=Cu(II),Ni(II), Co(II), Mn(II), Zin(II), Hg(II) and Cd(II); L=6-methyl-2-aminobenzothiazole;X=-I, -NCS and -OAC have been isolated and characterised on the basis of analytical, magnetic moment, molar conductance, electronic and i.r.spectal data. The antifungal screening of Cu(II) and Hg(II) complexes is also reported

Estimating above Ground Tree Biomass of Semi-Arid Bundelkhand Region Using Satellite Data, Regression Modelling and ANN Technique

Remotely sensed satellite imagery can be used to classify and monitor vegetation dynamics (Tucker, 1979). The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) computed from satellite data is a good measure of photosynthetic activity at landscape scales, and can be used to estimate vegetation biomass and Net Primary Production (NPP) (Tucker, 1979; Myneni et al., 1995, Nemani et al., 2003). As in the present environmental condition the climate change has adversely affected the ecosystem and the forest cover, NDVI has an important role to play to track and quantify the change taking place in plant ecosystem process (Myneni et al., 1995, Nemani et al., 2003). Biomass estimation using NDVI is easy to implement, harvesting of trees is not required and also effectively reduce the time and cost required in case of any other estimation process. In this study regression models and ANN (Artificial Neural Network) model were tried to simulate and predict total biomass production from different districts of Bundelkhand region. NDVI values collected from remote sensing images at particular season of the year to characterize above ground biomass of the study area. The performance of the ANN model was compared with several other commonly used linear and nonlinear models and validation was done based on the model’s stability

Mixed Ligand Complexes of N-6 methyl Benzothiazol-2-yl-salicylaldimine and 2-methyl Benzimidazole with Cu(II) Ni(II) Co(II) Mn(II) VO(II) Zn(II) Cd(II) and Hg(II)

Mixed-ligand complexes of the type MS/sub2/ (MeBI)/sub2/ (where M=Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), Mn(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Hg(II), SH=N-6-methyl benzothiazol-2-yl-salicyladldimine and MeBI=2-methyl benzimidazole) and VOS/sub2/. MeBI have been synthesised and characterised on the basis of analysis, molar conductance, magnetic moments, electronic and i.r. spectral data. All the complexes, were found to be nonelectrolyte and possessed octahedral geometry

Remote Sensing and GIS based approach in Morphometric analysis of Birma River Basin (Central India)

Birma river basin lies between two states of India (Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh). The parameters of Morphometric analysis were measured as Stream Order, Drainage Density, Stream Frequency, Bifurcation Ratio, Elongation Ratio, etc. Digital Elevation Model is downloaded from the USGS website. The results show that the Basin ranges from dendritic to sub-dendritic and is heterogeneous in texture and structurally controlled. The stream order ranges from first order to sixth order and the drainage density and elongation ratio is 1.23 and 0.59 respectively which specified that the basin is elongated in shape. The bifurcation ratio varies from 2.67 to 9.0 indicating that the basin has undulating topography. The analysis is contributed to understand watershed management sites for the conservation of soil and water. Assessment of these parameters ultimately gives information for the arrangement of sustainable water resource development and its management for the local people residing nearby the river.   Keywords: Birma River Basin, Digital Elevation Model (DEM), Geographical Information System (GIS), Morphometric analysis, Remote Sensin

A mouse model of lamellar intrastromal femtosecond laser keratotomy: ultra-structural, inflammatory, and wound healing responses

Molecular Vision173005-3012MVEP

TEXTBOOK OF FORENSIC PHARMACY: PHARMACEUTICAL JURISPRUDENCE

This book provides a systematic and comprehensive coverage of the theory as well as the application there of in the field of forensic pharmacy. Every chapter gives the definitions, objectives, and offences under the respective Act. The systematic structure of the book is assigned to cover the major syllabi of forensic pharmacy in 25 chapters and includes all topics of syllabus proposed by AICTE. Largely, it covers the syllabi of diploma, undergraduate and postgraduate courses in pharmacy under various universities. Pharmaceutical Legislation in India and Pharmaceutical Industry The Pharmacy Act, 1948 The Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 and Rules, 1945 The Medicinal and Toilet Preparations (Excise Duties) Act, 1955 and Rules, 1956 The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 and Rules The Essential Commodities Act, 1955 The Drug Price Control Order (DPCO), 1995 New Drug Policy The Drugs and Magic Remedies (Objectionable Advertisements) Act, 1954 The Poisons Act, 1919 The Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, 1971 The Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960 The Shops and Establishment Act, 1954 The All India Council for Technical Education Act, 1987 The Factories Act, 1948 The Minimum Wages Act, 1948 Intellectual Property Rights The Consumer Protection Act, 1986 The Standard of Weights and Measures Act, 1976 Code of Pharmaceutical Ethics Medical and Health Accessories Prescription and Non-prescription Drugs and Diagnostic Aids New Drug Approval and Export Registration Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Education, Regulation and Career Option

Dimeric Halo Complexes of Cr(IV)

744-74