Experimental Investigation of Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer Characteristics of a Turbulent Jet Impinging on an Oscillating Target Surface

This work comprises an experimental study of a turbulent jet impinging on an oscillating target surface. The fluid dynamics and heat transfer characteristics of jet impingement on an oscillating target surface are measured and compared with those of jet impingement on a static target surface. This study shows that target-surface oscillation generates higher turbulence intensities in the impinging-jet flow which give rise to an enhanced heat transfer rate, compared to a static target surface

An Investigation into the Bill Part of Healthcare Professional in Clinical Health during COVID-19 Lockdown

In December 2019, a new coronavirus outbreak was recorded in Wuhan, China. This has expanded across the world to date, posing a host of major obstacles for healthcare professionals. They have been on the front lines of the epidemic reaction, and as a result, they are vulnerable to a variety of risks, including a significant risk of complications. Long and erratic duty periods in a highly restricted setting will lead to elevated anxiety levels and, eventually, burnout. HCWs can experience fear, hyperarousal, sleep disruption, unwanted recollections and memories, distress, and sadness as a result of seeing physical pain and mortality of patients with an immediate threat to one's protection. They will experience several external stress factors in the coming weeks and months. It is critical that concerted attempts are taken to reduce the pandemic's effects. To plan for a pandemic or some other public health crisis, psychological assistance, encouragement, and coordination are necessary. Pandemic readiness is a scarce financial and technological capability in developing countries. They still encounter several special and complex challenges, making pandemic preparedness much more challenging. This article discusses the problems posed by HCWs in developed countries during pandemics such as Covid-19, and also the steps required to protect workplace protection and psychological fellow human

Survey of Seed Classification techniques

Seed analysis and classification can provide additional information in the production of quality seeds. Generally, these activities are performed by specialists through visual inspection of samples of seeds. However, manual visual inspection of samples is a very tedious and time consuming task. Therefore, automation in seed analysis and classification is required. The work presented in this paper focuses on seed classification techniques useful for accurate classification of seeds. Different feature models, namely, color, texture-n-shape, shape-n-color, texture, and various combinations of the color, shape and texture were tested for the desired classification performances. Most of the feature extraction algorithms use the color, shape and texture features for classification. NNs have been used most of the time as they are universal functional approximators, are data driven self-adaptive, are nonlinear models, due to which are supple enough to model actual real world problems.With the help of experimental results, it has been confirmed that the individual features were showing the desired performance of seed classification near to the standards as prescribed by the International Seed Testing Association (ISTA)

Regulation of the ubiquitin RING E3 ligase Parkin

Post-translational modification of proteins by ubiquitin is a central regulatory process in all eukaryotic cells. Substrate selection and type of modification are events catalyzed by the E3 ligase, a component of the ubiquitin pathway. Several ubiquitin E3 ligases are implicated in cancer and other disease states, underlying the need for mechanistic insight of these enzymes. Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterised by the loss of dopaminergic neurons from the substantia nigra, the presence of Lewy Bodies, and pathogenic aggregates rich in ubiquitin. Autosomal Recessive Juvenile Parkinsonism (AR-JP), which is one of the most common familial forms of the disease, is directly linked to mutations in the Parkin gene (PARK2). Parkin is a RING E3 and catalyses a range of ubiquitination events (mono, multi mono, K48- and K63- linked poly) in concert with several E2s on a variety of substrates, including itself. Furthermore, Parkin is capable of binding the 26S proteasome and mediates selective degradation of target substrates. The data presented will demonstrate that the Ubiquitin-like domain (UblD) of Parkin functions to inhibit its auto-ubiquitination via a novel mechanism. Pathogenic Parkin mutations disrupt this inhibition and result in a constitutively active molecule. The inhibition is mediated by an intra-molecular interaction between UblD and the C-terminus of Parkin, and Lysine 48 on UblD participates in this interaction. The study also uncovered unique UblD/Ubiquitin Binding Regions (UBRs) on the C-terminus of Parkin that play a novel role in its RING E3 ligase activity. The observations provide critical mechanistic insights into the myriad functions of Parkin and the underlying basis of Parkinson’s disease

Surgical Ophthalmic Oncology

Designed as an easy-to-use, practical guide to tumors of the eye, lids, and orbit, this open access book comprehensively addresses surgical treatment and management of diseases related to ophthalmic oncology. Surgical Ophthalmic Oncology: A Collaborative Open Access Reference is an ideal reference for general ophthalmologists, surgeons, fellows and trainees around the world who encounter these diseases in the care of their patients. Notably, this book includes considerations for those ophthalmologists offering subspecialty care in environments with limited access to advanced technology and instrumentation. Individual chapters address diagnostic indications, pre-operative and post-operative concerns, and provide detailed explanations of surgical techniques required to manage various eye cancer ailments with help of ample illustrations. High-quality videos included throughout the book provide readers with the opportunity to review surgical steps in real-time as a learning tool. Chapters thoroughly cover tumors of eyelid, cornea and conjunctiva, orbit as well as intraocular tumors, while later chapters discuss ophthalmic radiation therapy. The book concludes with a section on ophthalmic pathology which details essential guidelines on relevant aspects from specimen collection and transport, to interpretation of the pathology report. Surgical Ophthalmic Oncology: A Collaborative Open Access Reference is a unique and necessary valuable resource for ophthalmologists, trainees, and related medical professionals working in underserved areas in providing quality care for patients suffering from ocular cancers

Development of Collagen Mimetic Mini-Fibrils with Tunable Collagenase Susceptibility

Collagen fibrils are the primary molecular scaffold of all connective tissues and provide the essential support for cell migration and differentiation. Collagen fibrils represent one of the most complex molecular hierarchies: three polypeptide chains in Gly-Xaa-Yaa repeating amino acid sequences, first form the rod-shaped collagen triple helix. These triple helices further self-assemble laterally in a specific manner to form fibrils having the characteristic 67 nm axially repeating structure known as the D-period. Enzymatic digestion of collagen fibrils by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is critical for several physiological processes and is of particular consequence during wound healing. Many of the mechanisms of function of MMPs on collagen fibrils are not completely understood. The focus of my thesis is to use protein engineered, collagenmimetic fibrils (CMF) to investigate molecular mechanisms of MMP and to explore the potential of these CMFs as biomaterials offering tunable susceptibility to MMPs for wound healing and other biomedical applications. To achieve this goal, I first studied the interactions of MMP1 and the bacterial collagenase ColG with native type I collagen. Kinetic assays of the enzyme reactions revealed that the triple helix was the most susceptible conformation of collagen to MMP1, while the degradation of the fibrillar form or the unfolded form of collagen was significantly slower. The ColG, on the other hand, is very effective at cleaving collagen in its unfolded form. The action of ColG is impeded by the higher order structures of the triple helix and the fibrils, although the tight packing of the triple helices in the fibrils does not seem to offer more protection against the attack of ColG than the triple helical conformation per se. The major effort of my research was devoted to studying the MMP1 susceptibility of three designed CMF peptides. The CMFs are produced by bacterial expression using designed genes. The amino acid sequences of the CMF are selected to model the section surrounding the MMP1 digestion site of type III collagen. Type III collagen is one of the major fibrillar collagens of skin and is critically involved in the early stages of wound healing. All three peptides formed stable triple helix with a melting temperature of ~42 °C. The triple helices further self-assemble to form mini-fibrils having D-period-like axially repeating structures. The fibrillogenesis of the minifibrils showed similar dependence on the temperature, the ionic strength, and the pH to those of native collagen fibrils, indicating the mini-fibrils are stabilized by similar molecular interaction as those in native collagen fibrils. The three peptides, colt3_0, colt3_1, and colt3_2, were designed to have, respectively, none, one, and two MMP1 digestion sites. The kinetic assays of MMP1 with the three mini-fibrils demonstrated that the colt3_0 is highly resistant to MMP1, while colt3_2, having two MMP1 digestion sites, is the most susceptible. Unfortunately, the low yields of the peptides prevented more detailed studies on the mechanisms of MMP1 with the CMFs as the substrate. The research, nonetheless, demonstrated that the mini-fibrils are good models for collagen fibrils and offer a unique opportunity to investigate the molecular interactions of MMP1 with collagen

Specificity for deubiquitination of monoubiquitinated FANCD2 is driven by the N-terminus of USP1

The Fanconi anemia pathway for DNA interstrand crosslink repair and the translesion synthesis pathway for DNA damage tolerance both require cycles of monoubiquitination and deubiquitination. The ubiquitin-specific protease-1 (USP1), in complex with USP1-associated factor 1, regulates multiple DNA repair pathways by deubiquitinating monoubiquitinated Fanconi anemia group D2 protein (FANCD2), Fanconi anemia group I protein (FANCI), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Loss of USP1 activity gives rise to chromosomal instability. Whereas many USPs hydrolyse ubiquitin–ubiquitin linkages, USP1 targets ubiquitin–substrate conjugates at specific sites. The molecular basis of USP1's specificity for multiple substrates is poorly understood. Here, we reconstitute deubiquitination of purified monoubiquitinated FANCD2, FANCI, and PCNA and show that molecular determinants for substrate deubiquitination by USP1 reside within the highly conserved and extended N-terminus. We found that the N-terminus of USP1 harbours a FANCD2-specific binding sequence required for deubiquitination of K561 on FANCD2. In contrast, the N-terminus is not required for direct PCNA or FANCI deubiquitination. Furthermore, we show that the N-terminus of USP1 is sufficient to engineer specificity in a more promiscuous USP

Mobile Application for Travelling Activities- “Travel Mate”

The paper depicts travel guidance application on the android OS with the comparative analysis by grouping classification of mobile travel applications accessible at the moment for tourists in application stores for most popular mobile operation systems (Android and iOS). The most interesting classification is “Travel Partner” that combines “Information Resources” and “Location-Based Services” category

User-Oriented Enterprise Process Modeling Language

Enterprise process modeling has been an emerging topic of interest since the early nineties. The research in this area has been driven by the vision of process improvement. There are two key steps in applying process modeling tools and techniques to support process improvement initiatives. These are (i) the correct representation of the processes in the form of a process model, and (ii) the analysis of the processes to identify improvement opportunities. Process modeling is representing processes and the relevant details usually in a graphical language. These details are the inputs to and the outputs from a process, the description of the resources used or consumed by a process, and the relationship of the subjects involved in the process with respect to each other. The literature contains many process modeling tools and techniques. A technique typically involves graphical symbols with their semantics and syntax to capture process details. This thesis presents a brief review of several enterprise process modeling languages that have been developed so far. The strengths and the limitations of these languages are also presented. These form the basis for the requirements of a new enterprise process modeling language. The proposed enterprise process modeling language exploits the strengths of existing process modeling languages. The proposed language is user friendly, yet rigorous in the definition of its constructs. It emphasizes control flow, which is an essential aspect of any process model. Emphasis on control flow is-useful for analyzing a process description by using formal tools such as Petri nets. A comprehensive example is represented in the existing languages and in the proposed language to illustrate the advantage~ of the proposed language