Origin and meaning of the New Testament term Parousia

Just at the time when the outline for this thesis had been determined and the work begun I had the disturbing privilege of reading the manuscript for chapter eight of James Barr's book 'The Semantics of Biblical Language' (1). In this chapter, entitled 'Some Principles of Kittel's Dictionary', Kittel is charged with pursuing a history of concepts by means of a dictionary of words. The pursuit of a history of concepts is of course recognised as quite valid, but not by means of the lexical method of the TWNT. This raised some questions in my own mind about the approach that I had adopted for this thesis. I had before me the article on ' parousia' by A. Oepke (2), which in some measure does merit the criticism made by James Barr (3). I also had before me the research of P. L. Schoonheim published under the title 'Een Semasiologisch Onderzoek Van Parousia' (4), which, as the title suggests, confines itself in large measure to a strictly linguistic analysis of the problem. It did not seem to me however that either quite answered the questions uppermost in my own mind: why did so many of the New Testament writers judge this term equal to the task of giving expression to the concept of the coming of Christ, and what is its relationship to that concept. With some hesitation I would suggest that Oepke failed in part because he was too much concerned with the larger concept of the coming of God to man, and Schoonheim because the task of exegesis was made subservient to his lingusitic analysis. In saying this of course I do not want for a moment to depreciate the value of either of these works. The latter especially I found to be most helpful. But the problem of the relationship of the word to the concept still remained, and great care had to be taken that the method by which these questions might be answered did not fall prey to the criticisms offered by Barr

Gold therapy in pulmonary tuberculosis. A study of the literature with observations on 24 cases treated personally

Gold therapy in pulmonary tuberculosis: a study of the literature with observations on 24 cases treated personally.Gold therapy is of definite value in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis.Its results cannot compare with those of collapse therapy, but it makes artificial pneumothorax possible in many cases of bilateral disease where otherwise it would be precluded by the nature and extent of the lesion in the contralateral lung.In originally unilateral disease treated by artificial pneumothorax it can control a new spread in the contralateral lung which would otherwise necessitate the abandonment of the collapse.In unilateral exudative disease where artificial pneumothorax has been tried and failed, it may so influence the course of the lesions as to bring about a condition suitable for thoracoplasty.It is in freshly spreading exudative or nodular lesions that its beneficial influence is most apparent. Exudative lesions undergo absorption and the productive nodular type fibrosis to an extent which is not usually seen in cases treated by sanatorium regime alone.Excerbations in the course of chronic fibro- caseous disease may be favourably influenced. Here again it is the fresh spreading disease which is mainly affected.The consistence, quantity and bacillary content, of the sputum are all favourably influenced and in a large proportion of treated cases, the sputum becomes, and remains negative.Small doses not exceeding 0.25 gm. give just as favourable results as larger ones, and the undesirable reactions likely to result from the use of gold therapy are milder and much less frequent with small rather than with large doses.When small doses do not influence the course of the disease in a favourable manner it is unlikely that an increase in the size of the dose above 0.25 gm. will have any beneficial results

A General Solution for Linear Decision Rules: An Optimal Dynamic Strategy Applicable Under Uncertainty

Linear decision rules for controlling complex systems are often obtained by matrix inversion, but transform methods offer an alternative approach that yields insights into the structure of the decision problem of maximizing expected payoffs under constraints

A General Solution for Linear Decision Rules: An Optimal Dynamic Strategy Applicable Under Uncertainty

Linear decision rules for controlling complex systems are often obtained by matrix inversion, but transform methods offer an alternative approach that yields insights into the structure of the decision problem of maximizing expected payoffs under constraints

Understanding the barriers, facilitators and extent of diagnostic delay in axial spondyloarthritis

Background: Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) causes inflammation of the pelvis and spine, resulting in chronic pain, impaired range of movement, fatigue and physical disability. Diagnosis remains challenging and is frequently delayed, resulting in poorer outcomes for patients. Aim: To ascertain the extent of diagnostic delay for axSpA, to explore patient and healthcare professionals (HCP) perspectives on barriers and facilitators in diagnosing axSpA and to study primary care consultation histories prior to diagnosis. Method: Mixed-methods design. A systematic review examined the extent of aXSpA diagnostic delay and the role of certain characteristics on delay. A qualitative study explored patient and HCP knowledge and experience of barriers and facilitators in diagnosing axSpA using semi-structured one-to-one interviews and thematic analysis. A case-control study compared the type and frequency of primary care consultations histories of patients with axSpA to those of matched controls. Results: The systematic review found median diagnostic delay to range from 2-5 years. Gender and family history of axSpA, despite affecting disease presentation, were not associated with delay.Qualitative study found that patients and HCPs felt that communication, symptoms and behaviour of patients, difficulties in diagnosing axSpA, lack of awareness of axSpA and systemic issues with healthcare impeded diagnosis. The case-control study found that patients who subsequently are diagnosed with axSpA consult more than those who don’t have axSpA. AxSpA patients are more likely to consult with axial and peripheral symptoms, uveitis, enthesitis, inflammatory bowel disease and psoriasis prior to diagnosis. Conclusion: Diagnostic delay in axSpA remains extensive and multicausal. This thesis highlights factor currently impeding diagnosis, along with possible solutions including disease education and improving the means and process of communication between patients and HCPs. This thesis suggests several symptoms which can be viewed as indicators of potential axSpA which could reduce diagnostic delay

Downward shortwave surface irradiance from 17 sites for the FIRE/SRB Wisconsin experiment

A field experiment was conducted in Wisconsin during Oct. to Nov. 1986 for purposes of both intensive cirrus cloud measurments and SRB algorithm validation activities. The cirrus cloud measurements were part of the FIRE. Tables are presented which show data from 17 sites in the First ISCCP (International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project) Regional Experiment/Surface Radiation Budget (FIRE/SRB) Wisconsin experiment region. A discussion of intercomparison results and calibration inconsistencies is also included

Demonstration: Economic Analysis and Expert Testimony—Plaintiff\u27s Conference

This article is a demonstration on the use of economic experts. The demonstration is based loosely on Mobil’s attempted take-over of Marathon Oil Company. However, the oil companies involved here are named Major, which is the second largest oil company in the United States, and Olympic, which is the largest supplier to independents. Any resemblance of Major and Olympic to any other firm, entity or person, living or not, is purely coincidental. The demonstration is divided into two parts. The first part is the conference. A conference of plaintiff’s team will be followed by a conference of defendant’s team

Demonstration: Economic Analysis and Expert Testimony—Plaintiff\u27s Conference

This article is a demonstration on the use of economic experts. The demonstration is based loosely on Mobil’s attempted take-over of Marathon Oil Company. However, the oil companies involved here are named Major, which is the second largest oil company in the United States, and Olympic, which is the largest supplier to independents. Any resemblance of Major and Olympic to any other firm, entity or person, living or not, is purely coincidental. The demonstration is divided into two parts. The first part is the conference. A conference of plaintiff’s team will be followed by a conference of defendant’s team

Thematic Teaching and Student Engagement in a Non-Academic Year 12 Mathematics Course

The recently revised New Zealand Curriculum (Ministry of Education, 2007) encourages mathematics teachers to engage their students through the use of meaningful contexts for learning. One approach to making contexts for mathematics more meaningful is to explore a single context over a series of lessons, an approach known as thematic teaching. Prior studies of thematic mathematics teaching have failed to reach a consensus on the relationship between thematic teaching and student outcomes such as achievement and attitude toward learning. This study used a pragmatic, mixed methods design to examine the relationship between thematic teaching and student engagement with two classes of low-achieving senior students in a New Zealand secondary school. It examined which student characteristics appeared to be related to whether students engaged with thematic teaching, and the reason students gave for their preferred teaching styles. Students experienced four thematic lessons with the theme of the human settlement of the Pacific Islands and four non-thematic lessons during a coordinate geometry topic. Each student‟s engagement was assessed every lesson using questionnaires and observations, and students were interviewed in order to elicit their views on thematic teaching. Collectively, no difference was found between student engagement in thematic and non-thematic teaching. However, many individual students found either thematic or non-thematic teaching more engaging. English language learners tended to prefer non-thematic teaching, some reporting that they found the theme an unhelpful complication. There is preliminary evidence that Pakeha students may engage with thematic teaching to a greater extent than Pasifika students. Students did not engage in learning when they did not understand the mathematical content, even when they were interested in the theme. The study augments the thematic mathematics teaching literature by examining variability in the apparent effects of thematic teaching, and articulating students‟ experiences of thematic teaching. It gives guarded support for the current policy emphasis on teaching mathematics contextually and reveals some potential pitfalls associated with teaching mathematics thematically