Emil Zuckerkandl, M.D. (1849-1910): Bridging Anatomic Study and the Operating Room Table.

In the mid-19th century, the Vienna School of Anatomy was at the epicenter of the rapidly growing field of anatomy. One of the school’s most distinguished professors, Hungarian-born anatomist Emil Zuckerkandl was instrumental in transforming anatomy from a descriptive science to one of practical and clinical value. A prolific researcher interested in nearly all areas of morphology and most famously, the chromaffin system, Zuckerkandl’s discoveries from more than a century ago still provide a foundation for surgeons to this day

Recent developments in parallel rendering

Journal ArticleUsing parallel computers for computer graphics rendering dates back to the late 1970s. Several papers published then focused on image space decompositions for theoretical parallel machines. Early research concentrated on algorithmic studies and special-purpose hardware, but the growing availability of commercial parallel systems added a new dimension to parallel rendering

Chevalier Jackson, M.D. (1865-1958): Il ne se repose jamais.

In the final year of the American Civil War, 1865, Chevalier Jackson was born on the 4th of November just outside Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The eldest of three sons of a poor, livestock-raising family, Jackson was raised in a period of social and political unrest. He was perhaps an even more unrestful boy. The description of his childhood days from his father’s father—Il ne se repose jamais, ‘‘He never rests’’—would ultimately reflect the man, doctor, and evangelist Jackson would later become.1 Indeed, he never did rest, Jackson would tirelessly pave the way for modern bronchoscopy and endoscopy as a whole; bringing international renown not only to himself, but also to his specialty

The level and duration of RSV-specific maternal IgG in infants in Kilifi Kenya

Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the major cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants. The rate of decay of RSV-specific maternal antibodies (RSV-matAb), the factors affecting cord blood levels, and the relationship between these levels and protection from infection are poorly defined. Methods A birth cohort (n = 635) in rural Kenya, was studied intensively to monitor infections and describe age-related serological characteristics. RSV specific IgG antibody (Ab) in serum was measured by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in cord blood, consecutive samples taken 3 monthly, and in paired acute and convalescent samples. A linear regression model was used to calculate the rate of RSV-matAb decline. The effect of risk factors on cord blood titres was investigated. Results The half-life of matAb in the Kenyan cohort was calculated to be 79 days (95% confidence limits (CL): 76–81 days). Ninety seven percent of infants were born with RSV-matAb. Infants who subsequently experienced an infection in early life had significantly lower cord titres of anti-RSV Ab in comparison to infants who did not have any incident infection in the first 6 months (P = 0.011). RSV infections were shown to have no effect on the rate of decay of RSV-matAb. Conclusion Maternal-specific RSV Ab decline rapidly following birth. However, we provide evidence of protection against severe disease by RSV-matAb during the first 6–7 months. This suggests that boosting maternal-specific Ab by RSV vaccination may be a useful strategy to consider

G02-1466 Determining the Need to Fertilize Landscape Trees and Shrubs (Revised March 2004)

Most Nebraska soils are fertile enough to support tree and shrub growth without applying fertilizer. However, when woody plants exhibit poor growth or reduced vigor, yet have had adequate moisture and are not experiencing pest problems or other environmental limitations, the proper applicatin of fertilizer may be necessary. This NebGuide explains how to determine if fertilization of established trees and shrubs is required and how to apply the needed amount

Migratory Intradural Disk Herniation and a Strategy for Intraoperative Localization

Study Design Case report. Objective Describe a case of intradural disk herniation and a method for intraoperative localization. Methods Intradural disk herniations are uncommon but well described. The diagnosis of these lesions is often difficult, and sometimes they may be diagnosed only through an intradural exploration after an expected disk fragment cannot be located. We report the case of an intradural disk herniation with an additional diagnostic difficulty—a migrated intradural disk. Results We present the first intraoperative imaging evidence of disk migration and propose a strategy to locate intradural disk fragments prior to durotomy. Conclusion Intradural disk herniations should be suspected when intraoperative findings are not congruent with imaging findings. An intraoperative myelogram may be helpful

Application strategy for an anthraquinonebased repellent and the protection of soybeans from Canada goose depredation

Agricultural crops can sustain extensive damage caused by Canada geese (Branta canadensis) when these crops are planted near wetlands or brood-rearing sites. From 2000 to 2015, South Dakota Game, Fish and Parks spent \u3e$5.6 million to manage damages caused by Canada geese to agricultural crops (primarily soybeans) in South Dakota, USA. For the purpose of developing a repellent application strategy for nonlethal goose damage management, we comparatively evaluated the width of anthraquinone applications (i.e., 9.4 L Flight Control® Plus goose repellent/ha [active ingredient: 50% 9,10-anthraquinone] at 0–36 m versus 0–73 m perpendicular to the edge of wetlands in 2014), the timing of the first repellent application (i.e., 9.4 L Flight Control Plus goose repellent/ha at 50% versus 75% seedling emergence in 2015), the yield of soybeans (Glycine max) within repellent-treated and untreated subplots, and anthraquinone chemical residues in Day County, South Dakota. Soybean yield was greater in subplots 73 m from the water’s edge than that in the 36-m subplots (P \u3c 0.02). Among subplots first sprayed at 50% seedling emergence, soybean yield was greater at 73 m and 82 m than that at 36 m (P \u3c 0.005). In contrast, we observed no difference in yield at 36 m, 73 m, or 82 m in the subplots first sprayed at 72% seedling emergence (P \u3e 0.09). We therefore conclude that goose damages were effectively managed in subplots first sprayed at 72% seedling emergence. Anthraquinone residues averaged 674 and 629 ppm anthraquinone upon the first application of the repellent (June to July), 22 and 35 ppm anthraquinone in the mid-season hay (August to September), and 36 and 28 ppb anthraquinone in the harvested seed (October to November) in 2014 and 2015, respectively. Our results suggest that a 73-m bandwidth of anthraquinone-based repellents first applied at approximately 72% or 65–85% seedling emergence can protect soybeans from Canada goose depredation

Application Strategy for an Anthraquinone-Based Repellent and the Protection of Soybeans from Canada Goose Depredation

Agricultural crops can sustain extensive damage caused by Canada geese (Branta canadensis) when these crops are planted near wetlands or brood-rearing sites. From 2000 to 2015, South Dakota Game, Fish and Parks spent \u3e$5.6 million to manage damages caused by Canada geese to agricultural crops (primarily soybeans) in South Dakota, USA. For the purpose of developing a repellent application strategy for nonlethal goose damage management, we comparatively evaluated the width of anthraquinone applications (i.e., 9.4 L Flight Control® Plus goose repellent/ha [active ingredient: 50% 9,10-anthraquinone] at 0–36 m versus 0–73 m perpendicular to the edge of wetlands in 2014), the timing of the first repellent application (i.e., 9.4 L Flight Control Plus goose repellent/ha at 50% versus 75% seedling emergence in 2015), the yield of soybeans (Glycine max) within repellent-treated and untreated subplots, and anthraquinone chemical residues in Day County, South Dakota. Soybean yield was greater in subplots 73 m from the water’s edge than that in the 36-m subplots (P \u3c 0.02). Among subplots first sprayed at 50% seedling emergence, soybean yield was greater at 73 m and 82 m than that at 36 m (P \u3c 0.005). In contrast, we observed no difference in yield at 36 m, 73 m, or 82 m in the subplots first sprayed at 72% seedling emergence (P \u3e 0.09). We therefore conclude that goose damages were effectively managed in subplots first sprayed at 72% seedling emergence. Anthraquinone residues averaged 674 and 629 ppm anthraquinone upon the first application of the repellent (June to July), 22 and 35 ppm anthraquinone in the mid-season hay (August to September), and 36 and 28 ppb anthraquinone in the harvested seed (October to November) in 2014 and 2015, respectively. Our results suggest that a 73-m bandwidth of anthraquinone-based repellents first applied at approximately 72% or 65–85% seedling emergence can protect soybeans from Canada goose depredation