Evaluation of R-410A refrigerant alternatives in a residential reversible air to water heat pump

Protocols and regulations such as the Montreal Protocol (1987), the Kyoto Protocol (1997), the European F-gas regulation (2006) and now its revision (2014) cause a shift toward refrigerants with both zero Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) and low Global Warming Potential (GWP). Alternative refrigerants with low-GWP are under investigation for residential heat pumps and air-conditioners as R-410A has a GWP of 2088. In this study, two promising alternative refrigerants with a low-GWP, DR-5A (R-454B) and L41-2 (R-447A), both HFC-HFO mixtures with a GWP of 466 and 583 respectively, have been tested in a residential heat pump. Â To assess and to compare the heat pump performances using R-410A, DR-5A and L41-2, drop-in tests have been carried out in a 10 kW air-to-water reversible heat pump. For each refrigerant, the heat pump performances have been assessed for 2 rating conditions and 2 operating limit conditions in the cooling mode and for 6 rating conditions and 3 operating limit conditions in the heating mode. The tests have been performed according to the ENÂ 14511 standard. This experimental investigation has been carried out in three phases. In the first one, the performances of the heat pump using R-410A have been evaluated. Then, in phases 2 and 3, both alternative refrigerants, DR-5A and L41-2, have been tested. For each, a refrigerant charge optimization has been done, then the rating and operating limit condition tests have been performed, and finally, a performance verification using R-410A has been carried out to detect any anomaly after the use of one or the other of these alternative refrigerants. During all the tests, measurements have allowed to determine the thermal capacities, the electric energy consumptions, the efficiencies (EER or COP), as well as the refrigerant circuit pressures and discharge temperatures. Â A total of 39 tests have been performed. The refrigerant charge optimization drives to decrease the charge in the heat pump by 15% for DR-5A and by 21% for L41-2 in comparison with R-410A. The results show that R-410A replacement by L41-2 and DR-5A do not raise any particular problem even in operating limit condition tests and the performances obtained are, aside from some exceptions, almost equivalent (+/- 10%) to those of R-410A. Globally, DR-5A shows higher capacities and performances than L41-2

Béguin-Verbrugge Annette. Images en textes / images du texte : dispositifs graphiques et communication écrite

Si les effets de cadrage, de découpage et de montage dans les œuvres cinématographiques ou télévisuelles sont assez bien connus des spécialistes, quoique méconnus du grand public, les phénomènes analogues dans le domaine des écrits (qu’ils soient imprimés ou informatisés) n’ont guère été étudiés de manière systématique. Des travaux portant sur certains aspects spécifiques ont pu être publiés, soit dans le contexte d’approches socio-historiques de la communication imprimée, soit aussi, dans ce..

Annexe. Le rôle des associations professionnelles

Le comité d’organisation de ce colloque a décidé de faire une place spécifique, à travers une table ronde, aux associations professionnelles de l’information et de la documentation, car elles ont porté, souvent contre vents et marées, le projet d’une formation de leurs publics particuliers. Elles ont ainsi contribué à l’émergence d’une problématique d’identification des objets sur lesquels la formation, là où elles agissent, devait porter et, aussi, d’exploration des voies qui rendraient cell..

Targeted delivery to inflammatory monocytes for efficient RNAi-mediated immuno-intervention in auto-immune arthritis

Poster presentationInternational audienc

Automatized lung disease quantification in patients with COVID-19 as a predictive tool to assess hospitalization severity

peer reviewedThe pandemic of COVID-19 led to a dramatic situation in hospitals, where staff had to deal with a huge number of patients in respiratory distress. To alleviate the workload of radiologists, we implemented an artificial intelligence (AI) - based analysis named CACOVID-CT, to automatically assess disease severity on chest CT scans obtained from those patients. We retrospectively studied CT scans obtained from 476 patients admitted at the University Hospital of Liege with a COVID-19 disease. We quantified the percentage of COVID-19 affected lung area (% AA) and the CT severity score (total CT-SS). These quantitative measurements were used to investigate the overall prognosis and patient outcome: hospital length of stay (LOS), ICU admission, ICU LOS, mechanical ventilation, and in-hospital death. Both CT-SS and % AA were highly correlated with the hospital LOS, the risk of ICU admission, the risk of mechanical ventilation and the risk of in-hospital death. Thus, CAD4COVID-CT analysis proved to be a useful tool in detecting patients with higher hospitalization severity risk. It will help for management of the patients flow. The software measured the extent of lung damage with great efficiency, thus relieving the workload of radiologists

Dominant-negative mutations in human IL6ST underlie hyper-IgE syndrome

Autosomal dominant hyper-IgE syndrome (AD-HIES) is typically caused by dominant-negative (DN) STAT3 mutations. Patients suffer from cold staphylococcal lesions and mucocutaneous candidiasis, severe allergy, and skeletal abnormalities. We report 12 patients from 8 unrelated kindreds with AD-HIES due to DN IL6ST mutations. We identified seven different truncating mutations, one of which was recurrent. The mutant alleles encode GP130 receptors bearing the transmembrane domain but lacking both the recycling motif and all four STAT3-recruiting tyrosine residues. Upon overexpression, the mutant proteins accumulate at the cell surface and are loss of function and DN for cellular responses to IL-6, IL-11, LIF, and OSM. Moreover, the patients’ heterozygous leukocytes and fibroblasts respond poorly to IL-6 and IL-11. Consistently, patients with STAT3 and IL6ST mutations display infectious and allergic manifestations of IL-6R deficiency, and some of the skeletal abnormalities of IL-11R deficiency. DN STAT3 and IL6ST mutations thus appear to underlie clinical phenocopies through impairment of the IL-6 and IL-11 response pathways

L'éducation à la culture informationnelle

La publication des actes du colloque international L'éducation à la culture informationnelle (Lille, octobre 2008 - sous le patronage de l'Unesco) présente les regards de chercheurs, de praticiens ou de représentants d'institutions sur cette notion et ouvre de larges perspectives interdisciplinaires. Le nouveau concept de « culture informationnelle » est proposé par la communauté internationale pour mieux appréhender la complexification actuelle des relations entre l'enseignement, l'éducation et l'information, liée au développement exponentiel des technologies numériques. Quel rapport entretient l'éducation à l'information (information literacy) avec l'éducation aux médias (media literacy) et l'éducation numérique (digital literacy) ? Le périmètre de la « culture informationnelle » s'étend maintenant clairement au-delà du monde de la documentation et des bibliothèques. La notion même doit être précisée, revue, alors que les pratiques continuent d'évoluer. Une place importante est consacrée dans l'ouvrage à l'analyse comparée des approches théoriques et de plusieurs expériences menées dans différents pays