Optimal object grasp using Tactile sensors and fuzzy logic

Robotica, Volume 17, Issue 06, Nov 1999, pp 685-693 doi

Natural Nutrient Sources in the Cache River Watershed, Arkansas

The growth of the hypoxic ‘dead zone’ in the Gulf of Mexico in recent years has placed increased focus on potential sources of nutrient pollution, with most of the focus being placed on watersheds where practices, including fertilizer application and land alterations combine to increase non-point source runoff. In this study, nutrient concentrations in surface waters of altered and unaltered areas of the Cache River Watershed, Arkansas, were compared to determine if agricultural land usage was responsible for the majority of nutrient inputs. Results suggest that for dissolved nitrites and orthophosphates, agricultural (altered) sites contribute significantly more than relatively unaltered sites but that for dissolved nitrates, unaltered sites have a large contribution to overall nitrate concentrations, particularly in late summer and fall months

Citrulline Malate fails to improve German volume training performance in healthy young men and women

Background: Citrulline malate (CM) is purported to buffer lactic acid, enhance oxygen delivery, and attenuate muscle soreness. Anaerobic exercise trials with CM have produced conflicting results. Objective: The aim of the current investigation was to test the efficacy of CM on resistance training (RT) with the hypothesis that CM would improve performance. Design: A double-blind, counter-balanced, randomised control trial was utilised to assess the effects of CM on RT. 19 subjects (8 female) (25.7 ± 7.7 years), regularly engaged in RT consumed either 8 g of CM (1.1 : 1 ratio) or a placebo (6 g citric acid). Subjects attempted to perform a German Volume Training (GVT) protocol comprising 10 sets of 10 repetitions of barbell curls at 80 % of their one repetition maximum. Results: Repeated ANOVA suggested no effect of CM on RT performance (treatment × time × order p = 0.217). There was no difference (p = 0.320) in the total number of reps over the ten sets (CM median = 57, IQR 45 to 73; placebo median = 61, IQR 51 to 69). Blood lactate and creatine kinase did not differ between CM and placebo (p > 0.05). Finally, total muscle soreness was reduced significantly in CM compared to placebo (treatment × time × order p = 0.004). Conclusions: These results require corroboration; an ergogenic benefit is yet to be established and weight trainers should exercise caution when assessing the efficacy of CM. Future research should focus on the potential effects of loading doses of CM

Constraining the Variability and Binary Fraction of Galactic Center Young Stars

We present constraints on the variability and binarity of young stars in the central 10 arcseconds (~0.4 pc) of the Milky Way Galactic Center (GC) using Keck Adaptive Optics data over a 12 year baseline. Given our experiment's photometric uncertainties, at least 36% of our sample's known early-type stars are variable. We identified eclipsing binary systems by searching for periodic variability. In our sample of spectroscopically confirmed and likely early-type stars, we detected the two previously discovered GC eclipsing binary systems. We derived the likely binary fraction of main sequence, early-type stars at the GC via Monte Carlo simulations of eclipsing binary systems, and find that it is at least 32% with 90% confidence.Comment: Accepted for publication in Proceedings of IAU Symposium 322: The Multi-Messenger Astrophysics of the Galactic Centre, 2 pages, 1 figur

Analysis of two-player quantum games in an EPR setting using geometric algebra

The framework for playing quantum games in an Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) type setting is investigated using the mathematical formalism of Clifford geometric algebra (GA). In this setting, the players' strategy sets remain identical to the ones in the classical mixed-strategy version of the game, which is then obtained as proper subset of the corresponding quantum game. As examples, using GA we analyze the games of Prisoners' Dilemma and Stag Hunt when played in the EPR type setting.Comment: 20 pages, no figure, revise

Little Association between Intracranial Arterial Stenosis and Lacunar Stroke

Atheromatous middle cerebral artery (MCA) stenosis could cause lacunar stroke by occluding lenticulostriate artery origins, but atheroma is common, and previous studies lacked suitable controls. We aimed to determine if intracranial atheroma was more common in lacunar than in cortical ischaemic stroke. We recruited patients with lacunar stroke and controls with mild cortical stroke, confirmed the stroke subtype with magnetic resonance imaging and used transcranial Doppler ultrasound imaging to record flow velocity and focal stenoses in the basal intracranial arteries 1 month after stroke. We compared ipsi- and contralateral MCA mean flow velocities between stroke subtypes and tested for associations using linear mixed models. Amongst 67 lacunar and 67 mild cortical strokes, mean age 64 and 67 years, respectively, we found no difference in MCA mean flow velocity between cortical and lacunar patients. Increasing age and white matter lesion scores were independently associated with lower MCA flow velocities (0.2 cms−1 fall in velocity per year increase in age, p = 0.045; 3.75 cms−1 fall in flow velocity per point increase in white matter lesion score, p = 0.004). We found no intracranial arterial stenoses. MCA atheromatous stenosis is unlikely to be a common cause of lacunar stroke in white populations. Falling velocities with increasing white matter lesion scores may reflect progressive brain tissue loss leaving less tissue to supply

Neuropsychiatric symptoms as a sign of small vessel disease progression in cognitive impairment

BACKGROUND: Neuropsychiatric symptoms associate cross-sectionally with cerebral small vessel disease but it is not clear whether these symptoms could act as early clinical markers of small vessel disease progression. We investigated whether longitudinal change in Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) scores associated with white matter hyperintensity (WMH) progression in a memory clinic population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We included participants from the prospective Sunnybrook Dementia Study with Alzheimer's disease and vascular subtypes of mild cognitive impairment and dementia with two MRI and ≥ 1 NPI. We conducted linear mixed-effects analyses, adjusting for age, atrophy, vascular risk factors, cognition, function, and interscan interval. RESULTS: At baseline (n=124), greater atrophy, age, vascular risk factors and total NPI score were associated with higher baseline WMH volume, while longitudinally, all but vascular risk factors were associated. Change in total NPI score was associated with change in WMH volume, χ2 = 7.18, p = 0.007, whereby a one-point change in NPI score from baseline to follow-up was associated with a 0.0017 change in normalized WMH volume [expressed as cube root of (WMH volume cm³ as % intracranial volume)], after adjusting for age, atrophy, vascular risk factors and interscan interval. CONCLUSIONS: In memory clinic patients, WMH progression over 1–2 years associated with worsening neuropsychiatric symptoms, while WMH volume remained unchanged in those with stable NPI scores in this population with low background WMH burden

On ‘Organized Crime’ in the illicit antiquities trade: moving beyond the definitional debate

The extent to which ‘organized crime’ is involved in illicit antiquities trafficking is unknown and frequently debated. This paper explores the significance and scale of the illicit antiquities trade as a unique transnational criminal phenomenon that is often said to be perpetrated by and exhibit traits of so-called ‘organized crime.’ The definitional debate behind the term ‘organized crime’ is considered as a potential problem impeding our understanding of its existence or extent in illicit antiquities trafficking, and a basic progression-based model is then suggested as a new tool to move beyond the definitional debate for future research that may help to elucidate the actors, processes and criminal dynamics taking place within the illicit antiquities trade from source to market. The paper concludes that researchers should focus not on the question of whether organized criminals- particularly in a traditionally conceived, mafia-type stereotypical sense- are involved in the illicit antiquities trade, but instead on the structure and progression of antiquities trafficking itself that embody both organized and criminal dynamics

The visualisation on Pangolin scales using gelatine lifters

Recent media reports document the plight of the Pangolin and its current position as “the most trafficked mammal in the world”. They are described by some as scaly anteaters as all species are covered in hard keratinous tissue in the form of overlapping scales acting as a “flexible dermal armour”. It is estimated that between 2011 and 2013, 117,000 to 234,000 pangolins were slaughtered, but the seizures may only represent as little as 10% of the true volume of pangolins being illegally traded. In this paper, methods to visualise fingermarks on Pangolin scales using gelatine lifters is presented. The gelatine lifters provide an easy to use, inexpensive but effective method to help wildlife crime rangers across Africa and Asia to disrupt the trafficking. The gelatine lifting process visualised marks producing clear ridge detail on 52% of the Pangolin scales examined, with a further 30% showing the impression of a finger with limited ridge detail. The paper builds on an initial sociotechnical approach to establishing requirement, then it focuses on the methods and outcomes lifting fingermarks off Pangolin scales using gelatine lifters, providing an evaluation of the viability of using the lifters in practice

Theory of Cylindrical Tubules and Helical Ribbons of Chiral Lipid Membranes

We present a general theory for the equilibrium structure of cylindrical tubules and helical ribbons of chiral lipid membranes. This theory is based on a continuum elastic free energy that permits variations in the direction of molecular tilt and in the curvature of the membrane. The theory shows that the formation of tubules and helical ribbons is driven by the chirality of the membrane. Tubules have a first-order transition from a uniform state to a helically modulated state, with periodic stripes in the tilt direction and ripples in the curvature. Helical ribbons can be stable structures, or they can be unstable intermediate states in the formation of tubules.Comment: 43 pages, including 12 postscript figures, uses REVTeX 3.0 and epsf.st