66 research outputs found

    Development of an expert system for power quality advisement using CLIPS 6.0

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    Proliferation of power electronic devices has brought in its wake both deterioration in and demand for quality power supply from the utilities. The power quality problems become apparent when the user's equipment or systems maloperate or fail. Since power quality concerns arise from a wide variety of sources and the problem fixes are better achieved from the expertise of field engineers, development of an expert system for power quality advisement seems to be a very attractive and cost-effective solution for utility applications. An expert system thus developed gives an understanding of the adverse effects of power quality related problems on the system and could help in finding remedial solutions. The paper reports the design of a power quality advisement expert system being developed using CLIPS 6.0. A brief outline of the power quality concerns is first presented. A description of the knowledge base is next given and details of actual implementation include screen output from the program

    Polarography of europium(III) in water-dimethylformamide mixtures

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    The kinetics of the electrochemical reduction of europium(III) in water-N, N dimethyl formamide mixtures in potassium chloride medium has been studied. The formal rate constant for the reduction increases markedly from 10-4 cm sec-1 in low concentrations to 10-2 cm sec-1 at high concentrations of the solvent. The effects of solvent on the formal potential and diffusion current are discussed

    Impact of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Photosynthesis, Water Status, and Gas Exchange of Plants Under Salt Stress–A Meta-Analysis

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    Soil salinization is one of the most serious abiotic stress factors affecting plant productivity through reduction of soil water potential, decreasing the absorptive capacity of the roots for water and nutrients. A weighted meta-analysis was conducted to study the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation in alleviating salt stress in C3 and C4 plants. We analyzed the salt stress influence on seven independent variables such as chlorophyll, leaf area, photosynthetic rate (Amax), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (E), relative water content (RWC), and water use efficiency (WUE) on AMF inoculated plants. Responses were compared between C3 and C4 plants, AMF species, plant functional groups, level of salinity, and environmental conditions. Our results showed that AMF inoculated plants had a positive impact on gas exchange and water status under salt stress. The total chlorophyll contents of C3 plants were higher than C4 plants. However, C3 plants responses regarding Gs, Amax, and E were more positive compared to C4 plants. The increase in Gs mainly maintained E and it explains the increase in Amax and increase in E. When the two major AMF species (Rhizophagus intraradices and Funnelliformis mosseae) were considered, the effect sizes of RWC and WUE in R. intraradices were lower than those in F. mosseae indicating that F. mosseae inoculated plants performed better under salt stress. In terms of C3 and C4 plant photosynthetic pathways, the effect size of C4 was lower than C3 plants indicating that AMF inoculation more effectively alleviated salt stress in C3 compared to C4 plants

    Effect of vitamin D on vascular health in hypertensive patients with vitamin D deficiency

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    Background: Many observational studies have shown association of cardiovascular disease and vitamin D deficiency. However, there is a need for prospective studies to show causal effect of vitamin D and cardiovascular diseases in India. Hence the present study was designed to study the effect of vitamin D on markers of vascular health in hypertensive patients with vitamin D deficiency. The objective of the study was to assess the effect of vitamin D supplementation on markers of vascular health in hypertensive patients with vitamin D deficiency.Methods: Hypertensive patients were screened for vitamin D deficiency defined as 25 OH vitamin D less than 20 ng/mL after written informed consent. Hypertensives deficient with 25 OH vitamin D were recruited for the study to receive cholecalciferol 60000 IU/ week for 8 weeks. The vascular parameters such as blood pressure, pulse wave velocity, arterial stiffness index, malondialdehyde and total antioxidant status were assessed at baseline and after 8 weeks of cholecalciferol. The results were analysed using paired‘t’ test.Results: A total of 119 hypertensive patients were screened for vitamin D status. Among them 57 patients were found to be vitamin D deficient (48.7%). Thirty two patients completed the study. The baseline serum 25 OH vitamin D3 was 12.55 ± 5.7 ng/mL and it increased to 40.06 ± 10.53 ng /mL after 8 weeks.Conclusions: The vascular parameters didn’t show any statistically significant difference between baseline and at 8 weeks. However trend for decline was observed for malondialdehyde, right brachial pulse wave velocity

    Biomass-derived carbons for sodium-ion batteries and sodium-ion capacitors

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    In the past decade, the rapid development of portable electronic devices, electric vehicles, and electrical devices has stimulated extensive interest in fundamental research and the commercialization of electrochemical energy-storage systems. Biomass-derived carbon has garnered significant research attention as an efficient, inexpensive, and eco-friendly active material for energy-storage systems. Therefore, high-performance carbonaceous materials, derived from renewable sources, have been utilized as electrode materials in sodium-ion batteries and sodium-ion capacitors. Herein, the charge-storage mechanism and utilization of biomass-derived carbon for sodium storage in batteries and capacitors are summarized. In particular, the structure–performance relationship of biomass-derived carbon for sodium storage in the form of batteries and capacitors is discussed. Despite the fact that further research is required to optimize the process and application of biomass-derived carbon in energy-storage devices, the current review demonstrates the potential of carbonaceous materials for next-generation sodium-related energy-storage applications.</p

    Spinel photocatalysts for environmental remediation, hydrogen generation, CO<sub>2</sub> reduction and photoelectrochemical water splitting

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    The fundamental aspects, photocatalytic applications and ways to enhance the performance of spinels are systematically reviewed in this paper.</p

    Micro-scale to nano-scale generators for energy harvesting:Self powered piezoelectric, triboelectric and hybrid devices

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    This comprehensive review focuses on recent advances in energy harvesting of micro-scale and nano-scale generators based on piezoelectric and triboelectric effects. The development of flexible and hybrid devices for a variety of energy harvesting applications are systematically reviewed. A fundamental understanding of the important parameters that determine the performance of piezoelectric, triboelectric and hybrid devices are summarized. Current research directions being explored and the emerging factors to improve harvester functionality and advance progress in achieving high performance and durable energy conversion are provided. Investigations with regard to integrating flexible matrices and optimizing the composition of the piezoelectric and triboelectric materials are examined to enhance device performance and improve cost-effectiveness for the commercial arena. Finally, future research trends, emerging device structures and novel materials in view of imminent developments and harvesting applications are presented.</p

    Some recent work on Schiff bases, imines and iminium salts in synthetic heterocyclic chemistry - a review

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    This review summarizes the versatile use of Schiff bases, imines and iminium salts for synthesizing a great variety of heterocyclic compounds. Addition reactions of Schiff bases with acid anhydrides, acid chlorides and esters have led to the synthesis of penicillins, β-lactams, pyrrolidinones and piperidinones. Condensations of homophthalic anhydrides with Schiff bases have been the key steps for synthesizing isoquinolinones, protoberberines, 8-oxoberbines, benzophenanthridines and indole alkaloids. Reactions of phthalide anions with iminium salts have been utilized for synthesizing protoberberines, phthalide isoquinolines and related alkaloids. Addition of lithium methyl methylthiomethylsulfoxide to Schiff bases and electroreductive addition of alkyl halides to iminium salts are also discussed
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