Ceftaroline fosamil in the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Ceftaroline fosamil, a cephalosporin approved by the FDA for treating infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Staphylococcus aureus, particularly MRSA strains, poses a significant health risk due to antibiotic resistance. Ceftaroline fosamil is unique in its ability to bind to penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a) found in MRSA, inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis and causing bacterial death. The pharmacokinetics of ceftaroline involve rapid conversion to its active form, primarily excretion through the kidneys, and a plasma protein binding rate of approximately 20%. Ceftaroline is effective against complex skin and soft tissue infections (cSSTIs) and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), especially when MRSA is suspected. However, its efficacy against gram-negative bacteria is limited. The safety profile of ceftaroline fosamil is generally good, with reported adverse events comparable to other comparator agents in clinical trials. It is contraindicated in individuals with hypersensitivity to cephalosporins. Comparative efficacy with other antibiotics like vancomycin and daptomycin is discussed, emphasizing the importance of considering individual patient characteristics and local prevalence of resistant bacteria. The use of ceftaroline fosamil in special populations, such as pediatric and adult patients. While its efficacy in pediatric MRSA infections is explored, the lack of large-scale clinical trials for certain conditions like MRSA bacteremia is acknowledged. Clinical outcomes, including successful treatment of MRSA bacteremia, infective endocarditis, central nervous system infections, and nosocomial pneumonia, are discussed, suggesting ceftaroline fosamil's potential as a valuable therapeutic option. The conclusion underscores its breakthrough status, offering hope in addressing MRSA infections and improving patient outcomes

Impact of weather parameters on maize agroecosystem and adaptation strategies under changing climatic conditions: A review: Sustainable and climate-resilient adaptation strategies in maize agroecosystem

Change in precipitation patterns and increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events (high temperatures and heat waves) harm crop productivity. As per the future prediction, the temperature may increase by 2.5 0C by 2050 and by 2-30 C by the end of the century. The present review evaluates the impact of a rise and fall in temperature, solar radiation, and CO2 on the productivity of maize and other crops. Agronomic management practices during the crop growth period of selecting crop cultivars, date of sowing, plant population, dosage, timing, and methods of application of inputs are influenced by temperature, rainfall, solar radiation, and CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. Overall crop productivity will reduce by 50.9 % in wheat in the USA, 46% in maize in China,17% in cotton in India, and 30% in sugarcane in India. Changing the sowing date and adopting improved early and short-duration varieties of corn and other crops are becoming significant under low-cost adoption technologies to mitigate climate change. Info Crop-SORGHUM simulation model predicts that change in the sowing date of a variety in sorghum reduces the impact of climate change and vulnerability to 1- 2 % by 2020, 3-8 % by 2050, and 4-9% by 2080. The review highlights the impact of heat stress and drought on soil processes, and overall soil health. The authors conclude to implement climate adoption technologies based on Agriculture 4.0 to sustain crop production globally

Impact of Capital Budgeting Decision on Profitability of Firm – Selected Listed Automobile Companies in India

Purpose: Profitability plays an important function in the business operations and determines the value by which a business is held. The study set to investigate the impact of capital budgeting decisions on profitability of Automobile firms. Capital budgeting particularly addressed five areas of the study that included capital budgeting decisions (acquisition of long-term assets, replacement of long-term assets, investment appraisal techniques, outsourcing expenditure and working capital decisions) had a biggest and significant effect on profitability of the organizations.   Methodology: This study basically involved survey of the Automobile Companies listed in NSE in India. Any business that seeks to invest its resources in a project without understanding the risks and returns involved would be held as irresponsible by its owners or shareholders. This study considered 10 companies are taken from Automobile sectors, which is listed in NSE. Correlation and paired T test were used.   Findings: This study basically involved survey of the Automobile Companies listed in NSE in India.The findings set up that there was relationship between the independent variables of capital budgeting decisions and profitability. The study was examined the outcome of capital budgeting Impact on profitability of listed firms in India. The independent variables for the study were Capital Budgeting and Profitability.   Research implications:  it is evident that Maruti and Tata Motors produced positive and statistically significant values for this study (high t-values (12.37 and 11.26), p =0.00) respectively. Eicher Motor resulted a Lowest but insignificant values (t= 2.11, p = 0.07).   Originality/Outcome: The study found that positive impact of capital budgeting on profitability of the firms under the study

Bioactivity of Locally Available Plants on Cotton Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci and the fungus isolated from cotton

Aqueous, diethyl ether, chloroform, petroleum ether, N-hexane and benzene extracts of locally available plant species were tested for phytochemical and insecticidal bioactivity against cotton whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, under controlled conditions. This study is within bioprospection context, for utilizing local plant species as alternative in sustainable agriculture development. The leaf and stem extract was used. The whole plant extract of T.procumbens followed by N.oleander and V.rosea showed repellent and toxic effect against adult and second nymphal instars. Leaf extract of all three plants showed high inhibition activity against nymphal instars. In case of flower extract less inhibition activity was shown respectively. Fungi which grow on the cotton plant was screened, characterized and checked for antifungal activity against the extracts of the plant material. Phytochemical analysis was also carried out by standard protocols

Secure Data Control: Privacy and Security based on ABE for Access Control over Cloud

In today's world, there is a strong requirement for sharing information over cloud. However, privacy and security remains a setback especially when working with bulk amounts of data in the Cloud. Data is abundantly stored outside the control of the data owner’s machine with lack of his knowledge to the data owner, how the data being used and where the data are being stored. So, there is a necessity for the data owner to have a more control over their data, similar to the level of control they possess when the data are being stored on their own machine. For example, when a data owner shares an important file with his colleague, he cannot trust what his colleague will do with his data. In this paper, we try to address this problem by monitoring and preventing unauthorized operations by the data consumer. We present a solution called Secure-Data, which bundles the data owner’s data and specified policy, based on XACML, in an object called Secure-Data object. Secure-Data enforces the policies set out by the data owner by communicating with the cloud based applications to disable certain operations and/or run a background process for monitoring the data. We define a software based protocol that will enable to secure the data in the cloud and will support the use of the android app for authentication purposes

Fibroblast and Epidermal Cell-Type I Collagen Interactions: Cell Culture and Human Studies

Fibroblast and epidermal cell-type I collagen sponge interactions were studied in cell culture as well as in humans. In cell culture, fibroblasts were observed to migrate and proliferate throughout a type I collagen sponge containing either hyaluronic acid (HA) or fibronectin (FN). Fibroblasts accumulated in the center of the pores in sponges containing HA and appeared to surround themselves with newly synthesized extracellular matrix. In sponges containing FN, fibroblasts attached to and elongated along the collagen fibers of the sponge. In the absence of FN or HA protein synthesis of fibroblasts appeared to be inhibited by the presence of the type I collagen sponge. Epidermal cells grown on plastic or on type I collagen, formed sheets. Epidermal cells grown on a collagen sponge morphologically appeared different than cells grown on plastic. The type I collagen matrix studied in cell culture was applied to dermal wounds of patients with pressure ulcers in order to evaluate its effect on dermal wound healing. The areas of ulcers treated for 6 weeks with a type I collagen sponge decreased by about 40% compared with no change in the areas of untreated controls. Preliminary results suggest that a type I collagen sponge is a biocornpatible substrate with fibroblasts and epidermal cells and may be effective in enhancing healing of chronic skin ulcers

Parallel and Distributed Computing for High-Performance Applications

The study of parallel and distributed computing has become an important area in computer science because it makes it possible to create high-performance software that can effectively handle challenging computational tasks. In terms of their use in the world of high-performance applications, parallel and distributed computing techniques are given a thorough introduction in this study. The partitioning of computational processes into smaller subtasks that may be completed concurrently on numerous processors or computers is the core idea underpinning parallel and distributed computing. This strategy enables quicker execution times and enhanced performance in general. Parallel and distributed computing are essential for high-performance applications like scientific simulations, data analysis, and artificial intelligence since they frequently call for significant computational resources. High-performance apps are able to effectively handle computationally demanding tasks thanks in large part to parallel and distributed computing. This article offers a thorough review of the theories, methods, difficulties, and developments in parallel and distributed computing for high-performance applications. Researchers and practitioners may fully utilize the potential of parallel and distributed computing to open up new vistas in computational science and engineering by comprehending the underlying concepts and utilizing the most recent breakthroughs

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACY & LIFE SCIENCES Screening of potential efficacy of dietary ginger on ethanol induced oxidative stress in rat cardiac tissue: A study on changes in basic metabolic profiles

Abstract The present study was premeditated to examine the possible mechanisms where by ginger (Zingiber officinale) could protect cardiac tissue from alcohol toxicity in rats. The carbohydrate metabolic profiles like total carbohydrates, pyruvate, total proteins, free amino acids and lactate levels were measured in heart tissue. The total carbohydrates, pyruvate, and total proteins were significant declined while free amino acids, lactate levels were significant increased in alcohol intoxicated rats. Whereas with ginger (200 mg/kg body weight) treatment shown significant increase in the total carbohydrates, total proteins and pyruvate levels, whereas free amino acids, lactate levels were significant drop in the cardiac tissues. From the present study, we conclude that ginger protects the heart tissue from alcohol toxicity in rats, this may be due to the presence of many bioactive compounds in ginger

Identification, Design and Biological Evaluation of Heterocyclic Quinolones Targeting Plasmodium falciparum Type II NADH:Quinone Oxidoreductase (PfNDH2)

Following a program undertaken to identify hit compounds against NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (PfNDH2), a novel enzyme target within the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, hit to lead optimization led to identification of CK-2-68, a molecule suitable for further development. In order to reduce ClogP and improve solubility of CK-2-68 incorporation of a variety of heterocycles, within the side chain of the quinolone core, was carried out, and this approach led to a lead compound SL-2-25 (8b). 8b has IC(50)s in the nanomolar range versus both the enzyme and whole cell P. falciparum (IC(50) = 15 nM PfNDH2; IC(50) = 54 nM (3D7 strain of P. falciparum) with notable oral activity of ED(50)/ED(90) of 1.87/4.72 mg/kg versus Plasmodium berghei (NS Strain) in a murine model of malaria when formulated as a phosphate salt. Analogues in this series also demonstrate nanomolar activity against the bc(1) complex of P. falciparum providing the potential added benefit of a dual mechanism of action. The potent oral activity of 2-pyridyl quinolones underlines the potential of this template for further lead optimization studies

Identification, Design and Biological Evaluation of Bisaryl Quinolones Targeting Plasmodium falciparum Type II NADH:Quinone Oxidoreductase (PfNDH2)

A program was undertaken to identify hit compounds against NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (PfNDH2), a dehydrogenase of the mitochondrial electron transport chain of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. PfNDH2 has only one known inhibitor, hydroxy-2-dodecyl-4-(1H)-quinolone (HDQ), and this was used along with a range of chemoinformatics methods in the rational selection of 17 000 compounds for high-throughput screening. Twelve distinct chemotypes were identified and briefly examined leading to the selection of the quinolone core as the key target for structure-activity relationship (SAR) development. Extensive structural exploration led to the selection of 2-bisaryl 3-methyl quinolones as a series for further biological evaluation. The lead compound within this series 7-chloro-3-methyl-2-(4-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzyl)phenyl)quinolin-4(1H)-one (CK-2-68) has antimalarial activity against the 3D7 strain of P. falciparum of 36 nM, is selective for PfNDH2 over other respiratory enzymes (inhibitory IC(50) against PfNDH2 of 16 nM), and demonstrates low cytotoxicity and high metabolic stability in the presence of human liver microsomes. This lead compound and its phosphate pro-drug have potent in vivo antimalarial activity after oral administration, consistent with the target product profile of a drug for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria. Other quinolones presented (e.g., 6d, 6f, 14e) have the capacity to inhibit both PfNDH2 and P. falciparum cytochrome bc(1), and studies to determine the potential advantage of this dual-targeting effect are in progress