Usage Of Gelatin-Virus Balls And Liquid Virus Filled Gelatin Capsules To Control Coral Reef Diseases: Model For Phage Therapy

Coral reefs are very sensitive to environmental pollution. Coral reefs frequently get infected by various bacteria, fungi, marine algae and protozoa. The diseases include Bacterial Infections (BI), Fungal Infections (FI), Black Band Disease (BBD), Black Overgrowing Cyanophyta (BOC), Black Aggressive Band (BAB), Lethal Orange Disease (LOD), Skeleton Eroding Band (SED), PEYssonnelia (PEY), PNEophyllum (PNE) and White Syndromes (WS). Here in we have proposed a proposed model in which cold water soluble gelatin will be used to prepare Gelatin virus balls (GVB) and Liquid virus filled and sealed gelatin capsules (LVFSGC). GVB and LVFSGC will be prepared as per standard protocol in the form of paintballs and capsules. Above mentioned infecting agents of Coral reefs will be used as inoculum for production their production on the pilot scale. These produced infecting agents will be added with specific viruses of infecting agent (host-specific viruses). After the lysis of cell (naturally/artificially), lysate containg host-specific viruses will be used as infecting viruses to the Coral reef infecting agents. This lysate will be used for preparation of GVB and LVFSGC. These paintballs and capsules contain host-specific viruses can be made to release on a surface of sea water and dispersed on affected coral reefs zone naturally by Sea water current/waves. The dispersed viruses from GVB and LVFSGC will attach to their host. Ultimately, the diseasecausing agent may be killed and the coral reef infection will be removed from sea water without any harm to the environment. GVB and LVFSGC will be used for the release of viruses against disease-causing agents. The GVB and LVFSGC will systematically kill and save the coral reefs

Digital data of quality control strains under general deposit at Microbial Culture Collection (MCC), NCCS, Pune, India: A bioinformatics approach

A total of 13 short DNA sequences of quality control strains (MCC 2052, MCC 2077, MCC 2078, MCC 2080, MCC 2309, MCC 2322, MCC 2408, MCC 2409, MCC 2412, MCC 2413, MCC 2415, MCC 2483 and MCC 2515) were retrieved from NCBI BioSample database and generated quick response (QR) codes for sequences. 16S rRNA was used for creation of Chaose Game representation (CGR), Chaose Game Representation of Frequencies (FCGR) and measurement of GC percentage. Digital data in the form of QR codes, CGR, FCGR and GC plot would be useful for identification, visual comparison and evaluation of newly isolated strains with quality control strains. The digital data of QR codes, CGR, FCGR and GC content all the quality control strains are made available to users through this paper. This generated digital data helps to evaluate and compare newly isolated strains, less laborious and avoid misinterpretation of newly isolated species. Keywords: Chaose Game Representation, GC content, Microbial Culture Collection, QR codes, Standard type strain

Bioinformatics data supporting revelatory diversity of cultivable thermophiles isolated and identified from two terrestrial hot springs, Unkeshwar, India

A total of 21 thermophilic bacteria were isolated and identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing method. Sequences were submitted to NCBI website. Short DNA sequences JN392966–JN392972; KC120909–KC120919; KM998072–KM998074 and KP053645 strains were downloaded from NCBI BioSample database. ENDMEMO GC calculating tool was used for calculation of maximum, minimum and average GC percentage and graphical representation of GC content. Data generated indicate 20 short DNA sequences have maximum GC content ranged from 60% to 100% with an average GC content 52.5–59.8%. It is recorded that Bacillus sp. W7, Escherichia coli strain NW1 and Geobacillus thermoleovorans strain rekadwadsis strains showed GC content maximum up to 70%; Actinobacterium EF_NAK1-7 up to 85.7%, while Bacillus megaterium and E. coli strain NW2 showed GC content maximum to 100%. Digital data on thermophilic bacteria isolated from Unkeshwar hot springs would be useful for interpretation of presence of biodiversity in addition to phenotypic, physiological characteristics and data generated through 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology. Keywords: DNA sequencing, ENDMEMO, GC content, DNA signatures, Unkeshwar hot spring

Digital data for Quick Response (QR) codes of thermophiles to identify and compare the bacterial species isolated from Unkeshwar hot springs (India)

16S rRNA sequences of morphologically and biochemically identified 21 thermophilic bacteria isolated from Unkeshwar hot springs (19°85′N and 78°25′E), Dist. Nanded (India) has been deposited in NCBI repository. The 16S rRNA gene sequences were used to generate QR codes for sequences (FASTA format and full Gene Bank information). Diversity among the isolates is compared with known isolates and evaluated using CGR, FCGR and PCA i.e. visual comparison and evaluation respectively. Considerable biodiversity was observed among the identified bacteria isolated from Unkeshwar hot springs. The hyperlinked QR codes, CGR, FCGR and PCA of all the isolates are made available to the users on a portal https://sites.google.com/site/bhagwanrekadwad/. Keywords: DNA bank, DNA signatures, Microbial diversity informatics, Thermal spring

Production of biosurfactant from Bacillus subtilis (MF 582633) and its evaluation for antimicrobial, antioxidant, larvicidal and antitermite activities

76-83Present study evaluates the production and characterisation of biosurfactant for its antimicrobial, antioxidant, larvicidal and antitermite activities. A bacterium has been isolated from fatty acid contaminated soil and identified as biosurfactant producer , Gram positive Bacillus subtilis (MF582633) subspecies inaquosorum based on 16S rRNA sequencing and unique QR codes. The bacterium produced 2.03 g/L of biosurfactant using 3% glycerol as a carbon source. Among the tested five organisms K.pneumoniae revealed (20.3 mm) and E coli (10 mm) zone of inhibition as compared to standard antibiotic ampicillin (40 µg/mL ) when biosurfactant concentration is reported to be 40 µg/mL. Antioxidant activity in terms of IC50 value at 0.4 mg/ mL is recorded. The 100% larvicidal activity is recorded at 50 mg/mL concentration of biosurfactant while 40 mg/mL concentration in 48 h revealed 100% antitermite activity. Biosurfactant is purified through silica gel column chromatography. Purified biosurfactant has been characterised using FTIR and 1H NMR analysis and revealed surfactin type of lipopeptide biosurfactant. Experimental results may add its value in the development of antibiotics and biopesticides to stop the menace of UTI infections, Culex larvae and termites

Data on true tRNA diversity among uncultured and bacterial strains

Complete genome sequences of two uncultured archaea (BX649197 and CR937008) and 10 uncultured bacteria (AC160099, FP245538-FP245540, FP312972, FP312974-75, FP312977, FP312985 and NZ_JPJG01000067) were used for creation of digital data of tRNA. tRNAscan-SE and ENDMEMO GC calculating tools were used for detection of tRNA, drawing their structures and calculation of GC percent. Seven archaeal and 48 bacterial tRNA were detected from above 12 sequences. Four archaeal and 30 bacterial tRNA showed cove score more than 20% are called as true tRNA. Three tRNA of uncultured bacteria (AC160099) has the presence of the variable loop. The tRNA of FP245540, FP245575, FP245577 and FP245585 has one variable loop each. The true tRNA of archaea were Alanine, Arginine and Cysteine-type tRNA, while the majority of bacteria true tRNA classified as Alanine, Glutamic acid, Isoleucine, Leucine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline and Valine-type tRNA with cove score ranged from 70% to 97.15%. Archaeal and bacterial have GC content approximately 43% and 34.7–63.3% respectively. Archaeal tRNA has 60.4–64.2% GC content. Similarly, bacterial tRNA contributed 49.3–66.3% GC content to the total GC content. This generated data is useful for studies on diversity of tRNA among prokaryotes. Keywords: GC content, RNA signatures, tRNA types, true RNA, Uncultured archaea and bacteri

Digital data for quick response (QR) codes of alkalophilic Bacillus pumilus to identify and to compare bacilli isolated from Lonar Crator Lake, India

Microbiologists are routinely engaged isolation, identification and comparison of isolated bacteria for their novelty. 16S rRNA sequences of Bacillus pumilus were retrieved from NCBI repository and generated QR codes for sequences (FASTA format and full Gene Bank information). 16SrRNA were used to generate quick response (QR) codes of Bacillus pumilus isolated from Lonar Crator Lake (19° 58′ N; 76° 31′ E), India. Bacillus pumilus 16S rRNA gene sequences were used to generate CGR, FCGR and PCA. These can be used for visual comparison and evaluation respectively. The hyperlinked QR codes, CGR, FCGR and PCA of all the isolates are made available to the users on a portal https://sites.google.com/site/bhagwanrekadwad/. This generated digital data helps to evaluate and compare any Bacillus pumilus strain, minimizes laboratory efforts and avoid misinterpretation of the species. Keywords: Alkalophiles, Alkaline environment, Bacillus signatures, Lonar Crator Lake, Soda Lak

Determination of GC content of Thermotoga maritima, Thermotoga neapolitana and Thermotoga thermarum strains: A GC dataset for higher level hierarchical classification

A total of 16 strains of hyperthermophilic Thermotoga complete genome sequences viz. Thermotoga maritima (AE000512, CP004077, CP007013, CP011107, NC_000853, NC_021214, NC_023151, NZ_CP011107, CP011108, NZ_CP011108, CP010967 & NZ_CP010967), Thermotoga neapolitana (CP000916, & NC_011978) and Thermotoga thermarum (CP002351 & NC_015707) complete genome sequences were retrieved from NCBI BioSample database. ENDMEMO GC used for creation of data on GC content in Thermotoga sp. DNA sequences. Maximum GC content was observed in Thermotoga strains AE000512 & NC_000853 (69 %GC), followed by NZ_CP011108, CP011108, NZ_CP011107, NC_023151, NC_021214, CP011107 & CP004077 (68.5 %GC), followed by NZ_CP010967 & CP010967 (68.3 %GC), followed by CP000916, CP007013 & NC_011978 (68 %GC), followed by CP002351 & NC_015707 (67 %GC) strains. The use of GC dataset ratios helps in higher level hierarchical classification in Bacterial Systematics in addition to phenotypic and other genotypic characters. Keywords: ENDMEMO, GC content, Hyperthermophiles, New digital data, Whole genom

Morphotypes and pigment profiles of halophilic bacteria: Practical data useful for novelty, taxonomic categorization and for describing novel species or new taxa

Halophilic bacteria were isolated from oil spill samples collected from West-coast of Goa. Bacteria were isolated from oil studded soil, salt marsh and offshore samples (A, A7, CSM, CB and CM) collected along the West coastline in Goa (India) i.e. Arambol beach, Calanguate beach, Candolim beach and Colva beach on Zobell Marine agar, R2A agar, Mannitol salt agar and Blood agar at temperature 22 to 24 °C. Isolates showed growth in the presence of hydrocarbons (1% phenanthrene and 2% bitumen). Diverse profiles of pigments were observed on different nutrient medium. Color of pigments produced on agar media recorded as per standard color chart. All isolates showed different growth pattern. Isolate no 11 (GOACSMMS-11) showed three different morphological features/growth patterns on Zobell Marine Agar and R2A medium in the presence of hydrocarbons. Results obtained yield new information which gives a clear idea about morphological features and pigmented profiles of hydrocarbon resistant morphotypes in the presence different media compositions. The presented datasets will be useful for studies on bacterial species showing high sequence similarity. Hence, generated data serves as a benchmark for to distinguish between genetically similar bacteria and for further research in phenotype based microbial diversity, microbial ecology of microorganisms and microbial systematics and taxonomy in addition to genotype data. Keywords: Bergey׳s manual, Coastal region, Hydrocarbon degrader, Oil spill, Pigment producer, Taxonomic classification of bacteri

Genomic Analysis of a Marine Bacterium: Bioinformatics for Comparison, Evaluation, and Interpretation of DNA Sequences

7 páginas.-- 3 figuras.-- 2 tablas.-- 15 referenciasA total of five highly related strains of an unidentified marine bacterium were analyzed through their short genome sequences (AM260709–AM260713). Genome-to-Genome Distance (GGDC) showed high similarity to Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis (X67024). The generated unique Quick Response (QR) codes indicated no identity to other microbial species or gene sequences. Chaos Game Representation (CGR) showed the number of bases concentrated in the area. Guanine residues were highest in number followed by cytosine. Frequency of Chaos Game Representation (FCGR) indicated that CC and GG blocks have higher frequency in the sequence from the evaluated marine bacterium strains. Maximum GC content for the marine bacterium strains ranged 53-54%. The use of QR codes, CGR, FCGR, and GC dataset helped in identifying and interpreting short genome sequences from specific isolates. A phylogenetic tree was constructed with the bootstrap test (1000 replicates) using MEGA6 software. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was carried out using EMBL-EBI MUSCLE program. Thus, generated genomic data are of great assistance for hierarchical classification in Bacterial Systematics which combined with phenotypic features represents a basic procedure for a polyphasic approach on unambiguous bacterial isolate taxonomic classification.Peer reviewe