58,653 research outputs found
Technique for measuring time-base errors of magnetic instrumentation recorders/reproducers
Time-base error analysis of magnetically recorded and played back digital data using tape flutter spectral density and amplitude probability distribution measurements and rms time plot
Chloride binding to the anion transport binding sites of band 3. A 35Cl NMR study
Band 3 is an integral membrane protein that exchanges anions across the red cell membrane. Due to the abundance and the high turnover rate of the band 3 transport unit, the band 3 system is the most heavily used ion-transport system in a typical vertebrate organism. Here we show that 35Cl NMR enables direct and specific observation of substrate Cl- binding to band 3 transport sites, which are identified by a variety of criteria: (a) the sites are inhibited by 4,4'- dinitrostilbene -2,2'- disulfonate, which is known to inhibit competitively Cl- binding to band 3 transport sites; (b) the sites have affinities for 4,4'- dinitrostilbene -2,2'-disulfonate and Cl- that are quantitatively similar to the known affinities of band 3 transport sites for these anions; and (c) the sites have relative affinities for Cl-, HCO-3, F-, and I- that are quantitatively similar to the known relative affinities of band 3 transport sites for these anions. The 35Cl NMR assay also reveals a class of low affinity Cl- binding sites (KD much greater than 0.5 M) that are not affected by 4,4'- dinitrostilbene -2,2'- disulfonate. These low affinity sites may be responsible for the inhibition of band 3 catalyzed anion exchange that has been previously observed at high [Cl-]. In the following paper the 35Cl NMR assay is used to resolve the band 3 transport sites on opposite sides of the membrane, thereby enabling direct observation of the transmembrane recruitment of transport sites
Design zero-voltage switching DC-DC buck converter
This report proposes an integrated, high switching frequency, zero-voltage-switching
dc-dc buck converter for battery charger application. The design and analysis of dc�dc buck converter with integrated inductor is presented. The converter has been
optimized to convert 12V input voltage to 5V at 1.5A maximum load current at
50MHz switching frequency. The converter has been simulated using an ORCAD
16.5 based simulation tool and result show that the switching losses using zero�voltage-switching technique is less compared to conventional buck converter
Analysis of recent type Ia supernova data based on evolving dark energy models
We study characters of recent type Ia supernova (SNIa) data using evolving
dark energy models with changing equation of state parameter w. We consider
sudden-jump approximation of w for some chosen redshift spans with double
transitions, and constrain these models based on Markov Chain Monte Carlo
(MCMC) method using the SNIa data (Constitution, Union, Union2) together with
baryon acoustic oscillation A parameter and cosmic microwave background shift
parameter in a flat background. In the double-transition model the Constitution
data shows deviation outside 1 sigma from LCDM model at low (z < 0.2) and
middle (0.2 < z < 0.4) redshift bins whereas no such deviations are noticeable
in the Union and Union2 data. By analyzing the Union members in the
Constitution set, however, we show that the same difference is actually due to
different calibration of the same Union sample in the Constitution set, and is
not due to new data added in the Constitution set. All detected deviations are
within 2 sigma from the LCDM world model. From the LCDM mock data analysis, we
quantify biases in the dark energy equation of state parameters induced by
insufficient data with inhomogeneous distribution of data points in the
redshift space and distance modulus errors. We demonstrate that location of
peak in the distribution of arithmetic means (computed from the MCMC chain for
each mock data) behaves as an unbiased estimator for the average bias, which is
valid even for non-symmetric likelihood distributions.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures, published in the Phys. Rev.
Relativistic Quasilinear Diffusion in Axisymmetric Magnetic Geometry for Arbitrary-Frequency Electromagnetic Fluctuations
A relativistic bounce-averaged quasilinear diffusion equation is derived to
describe stochastic particle transport associated with arbitrary-frequency
electromagnetic fluctuations in a nonuniform magnetized plasma. Expressions for
the elements of a relativistic quasilinear diffusion tensor are calculated
explicitly for magnetically-trapped particle distributions in axisymmetric
magnetic geometry in terms of gyro-drift-bounce wave-particle resonances. The
resonances can destroy any one of the three invariants of the unperturbed
guiding-center Hamiltonian dynamics.Comment: 22 pages, Latex, to appear in Physics of Plasma
The Gene Ontology: enhancements for 2011
The Gene Ontology (GO) (http://www.geneontology.org) is a community bioinformatics resource that represents gene product function through the use of structured, controlled vocabularies. The number of GO annotations of gene products has increased due to curation efforts among GO Consortium (GOC) groups, including focused literature-based annotation and ortholog-based functional inference. The GO ontologies continue to expand and improve as a result of targeted ontology development, including the introduction of computable logical definitions and development of new tools for the streamlined addition of terms to the ontology. The GOC continues to support its user community through the use of e-mail lists, social media and web-based resources
Electric field induced charge noise in doped silicon: ionization of phosphorus donors
We report low frequency charge noise measurement on silicon substrates with
different phosphorus doping densities. The measurements are performed with
aluminum single electron transistors (SETs) at millikelvin temperatures where
the substrates are in the insulating regime. By measuring the SET Coulomb
oscillations, we find a gate voltage dependent charge noise on the more heavily
doped substrate. This charge noise, which is seen to have a 1/f spectrum, is
attributed to the electric field induced tunneling of electrons from their
phosphorus donor potentials.Comment: 4 page, 3 figure
Defining bacterial species in the genomic era : insights from the genus Acinetobacter
Background:
Microbial taxonomy remains a conservative discipline, relying on phenotypic information derived from growth in pure culture and techniques that are time-consuming and difficult to standardize, particularly when compared to the ease of modern high-throughput genome sequencing. Here, drawing on the genus Acinetobacter as a test case, we examine whether bacterial taxonomy could abandon phenotypic approaches and DNA-DNA hybridization and, instead, rely exclusively on analyses of genome sequence data.
Results:
In pursuit of this goal, we generated a set of thirteen new draft genome sequences, representing ten species, combined them with other publically available genome sequences and analyzed these 38 strains belonging to the genus. We found that analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences were not capable of delineating accepted species. However, a core genome phylogenetic tree proved consistent with the currently accepted taxonomy of the genus, while also identifying three misclassifications of strains in collections or databases. Among rapid distance-based methods, we found average-nucleotide identity (ANI) analyses delivered results consistent with traditional and phylogenetic classifications, whereas gene content based approaches appear to be too strongly influenced by the effects of horizontal gene transfer to agree with previously accepted species.
Conclusion:
We believe a combination of core genome phylogenetic analysis and ANI provides an appropriate method for bacterial species delineation, whereby bacterial species are defined as monophyletic groups of isolates with genomes that exhibit at least 95% pair-wise ANI. The proposed method is backwards compatible; it provides a scalable and uniform approach that works for both culturable and non-culturable species; is faster and cheaper than traditional taxonomic methods; is easily replicable and transferable among research institutions; and lastly, falls in line with Darwin’s vision of classification becoming, as far as is possible, genealogical
Comment on `Series expansions from the corner transfer matrix renormalization group method: the hard-squares model'
Earlier this year Chan extended the low-density series for the hard-squares
partition function to 92 terms. Here we analyse this extended
series focusing on the behaviour at the dominant singularity which lies
on on the negative fugacity axis. We find that the series has a confluent
singularity of order 2 at with exponents and
. We thus confirm that the exponent has the exact
value as observed by Dhar.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure, IoP macros. Expanded second and final versio
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