35 research outputs found
The motion of the 2D hydrodynamic Chaplygin sleigh in the presence of circulation
We consider the motion of a planar rigid body in a potential flow with
circulation and subject to a certain nonholonomic constraint. This model is
related to the design of underwater vehicles.
The equations of motion admit a reduction to a 2-dimensional nonlinear
system, which is integrated explicitly. We show that the reduced system
comprises both asymptotic and periodic dynamics separated by a critical value
of the energy, and give a complete classification of types of the motion. Then
we describe the whole variety of the trajectories of the body on the plane.Comment: 25 pages, 7 figures. This article uses some introductory material
from arXiv:1109.321
Quantum Control at the Boundary
We present a scheme for controlling the state of a quantum system by
modifying the boundary conditions. This constitutes an infinite-dimensional
control problem. We provide conditions for the existence of solutions of the
dynamics and prove that this system is approximately controllable
Axial Concentration Profiles and NO Flue Gas in a Pilot-Scale Bubbling Fluidized Bed Coal Combustor
Atmospheric bubbling fluidized bed coal combustion of a bituminous coal and anthracite with
particle diameters in the range 500-4000 Ăm was investigated in a pilot-plant facility. The
experiments were conducted at steady-state conditions using three excess air levels (10, 25, and
50%) and bed temperatures in the 750-900 °C range. Combustion air was staged, with primary
air accounting for 100, 80, and 60% of total combustion air. For both types of coal, high NO
concentrations were found inside the bed. In general, the NO concentration decreased monotonically
along the freeboard and toward the exit flue; however, during combustion with high air
staging and low to moderate excess air, a significant additional NO formation occurred near the
secondary air injection point. The results show that the bed temperature increase does not affect
the NO flue gas concentration significantly. There is a positive correlation between excess air
and the NO flue gas concentration. The air staging operation is very effective in lowering the
NO flue gas, but there is a limit for the first stage stoichiometry below which the NO flue gas
starts rising again. This effect could be related with the coal rank
The Tetraspanins CD9 and CD81 Regulate CD9P1-Induced Effects on Cell Migration
CD9P-1 is a cell surface protein with immunoglobulin domains and an unknown function that specifically associates with tetraspanins CD9 and CD81. Overexpression of CD9P-1 in HEK-293 cells induces dramatic changes in cell spreading and migration on various matrices. Experiments using time-lapse videomicroscopy revealed that CD9P-1 expression has led to higher cell motility on collagen I but lower motility on fibronectin through a β1-integrins dependent mechanism. On collagen I, the increase in cell motility induced by CD9P-1 expression was found to involve integrin α2β1 and CD9P-1 was observed to associate with this collagen receptor. The generation of CD9P-1 mutants demonstrated that the transmembrane and the cytoplasmic domains are necessary for inducing effects on cell motility. On the other hand, expression of tetraspanins CD9 or CD81 was shown to reverse the effects of CD9P-1 on cell motility on collagen I or fibronectin with a concomitant association with CD9P-1. Thus, the ratio of expression levels between CD9P-1 and its tetraspanin partners can regulate cell motility