TINJAUAN YURIDIS TENTANG PELAKSANAAN HAK CIPTA LUKISAN BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 19 TAHUN 2002 TENTANG HAK CIPTA

Pada dasarnya Direktorat Jenderal Haki tidak membatasi jenis-jenis dan bentuk-bentuk suatu karya cipta lukisan. Yang dapat memperoleh perlindungan, hak cipta dengan kata lain, bahwa semua jenis dan bentuk karya cipta lukisan sebenarnya dapat memperoleh perlindungan hak cipta semenjak karya cipta tersebut lahir atau diciptakan. Berdasarkan sertifikat hak cipta yang dikeluarkan Dirjen Haki terdapat dua jenis lukisan yang didaftarkan yaitu lukisan dalam bentuk produk dan lukisan dalam bentuk murni. Dengan diberlakukannya UU yang mengatur tentang hak cipta diketahui beberapa bentuk perlindungan hukum. Seharusnya pemerintah perlu memberikan penyuluhan dan pendekatan lebih lanjut kepada para pencipta khususnya para pelukis untuk lebih memahami tentang arti pentingnya pendaftaran hak cipta agar pencipta mengetahui bentuk dan jenis karya seperti apa yang bisa mereka daftarkan serta menyadari hak-hak yang seharusnya mereka peroleh dengan adanya Undang-Undang perlindungan hak cipta. Pemberian sosialisasi pada masyarakat agar tidak menyesatkan para pelukis yang akan membuat para pelukis lebih mengetahui bagaimana proses pelaksanaan pengajuan permohonan pendaftaran hak cipta lukisan pada khususnya dan bagaimana arti penting akan hak cipta lukisan

The Level of Green Supply Chain Practices Adoption in Sri Lankan Manufacturing Companies

It is been topical to discuss about Green Supply Chain Management due to increasing environmental issues all over the world. Therefore many scholars have been given their attention to do more research on this area based on their own countries. Through this study researcher expects to strength existing body of knowledge regarding green supply chain management based on the Sri Lankan context. Thus this paper attempts to identify the current level of green supply chain practices adoption in Sri Lankan manufacturing companies and gives comparative analysis of green supply chain practices adoption with Chinese and Japanese manufacturing companies. For this study structured questionnaire was used to collect data from the sample of 125 manufacturing companies in Sri Lanka and data were analyzed using descriptive analysis. In order to have general understanding about the level of green supply chain practices adoption, five stages of adoption level was used as a theoretical base. Findings of this study will be more contributed to strengthen the green supply chain management further for managers, relevant authorities and the government of Sri Lanka.Key words: Environmental Issues, Green Supply Chain Management, Green Supply Chain Practices, Level of Adoption, Manufacturing Companies

Effects of culture conditions on growth and survival of Poecilia sphenops and Poecilia reticulata

Poecilia sphenops and P. reticulata are considered as two most popular and high demanding freshwater ornamental fish species globally. The effects of feeding frequency, feed protein level, photoperiod and salinity on growth and survival of these species and the effect of sex ratio on fecundity were studied under laboratory conditions from January to December 2016. Although there was no any significant impact of feeding frequency on growth and survival of these species, feed protein content affected significantly on their growth. Fry fed with newly hatched Artemia, commercial larval feeds and Chlorella sp. showed no significant impact on growth. Poecilia sphenops and P. reticulata could tolerate salinity up to 10 and 25 ppt, respectively. Fish exposed to 8 hrs photoperiod reported significantly lower growth than those who were exposed to 12 and 24 hrs photoperiods. The ideal female: male sex ratio for commercial stocking of P. sphenops and P. reticulata was 3:2

Global medication waste management practices: challenges and opportunities in developing countries

Medication waste is synonymous with pharmaceutical waste, unused or expired medicines. Improper disposal of medication waste leads to serious personal and environmental health hazards. There were no established medication waste management programmes in most of the developing countries including Asia. Presence of unique socioeconomic problems in these counties makes the establishment of successful medication waste management programme a challenge. We reviewed the literature pertaining to the disposal of medication waste in different countries in order to understand the current status. We found that the medication waste disposal via normal sewage systems was the main method practiced in most of the countries and that the situation was much worse in developing countries. Return of unused medicines to pharmacies, which is considered to be the best method, was successfully practiced in some developed countries with established systems. Lack of proper mechanism to handle medication waste seems to be the main reason behind substandard medication waste management in developing countries. We propose a simple model for the disposal of medication waste taking into consideration the unique challenges and infra-structure issues in developing countries. International level policy and funding support, national level policy and unbiased financial allocations, institutional level comprehensive programmes according to the local requirements and most importantly the public support will make medication waste management programme a success. Furthermore, developing countries should join the on-going international forum on medication waste management. This short communication will be an eye opener for the academic key opinion leaders in developing countries to initiate medical waste management programmes in their countries

ANTIOXIDANT, ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY POTENTIAL OF THE AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF THE RAW LEAVES OF SRI LANKAN VARIETY OF PERSEA AMERICANA MILLER (AVOCADO)

Despite the advances in modern medicine, plant based remedies are currently sought after as alternatives to synthetic drugs. As such natural sources are being searched to use as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial compounds. This study was focused on the investigation of aqueous leaf extract of Sri Lankan variety of Persea americana (ALEPA) which was prepared according to the method of Kasaya (Decoction) in Ayurvedic medicine to test its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities. The total phenolic content of ALEPA was determined by Folin Ciocalteu assay was 681±6.8 mg (PGE) /g (PGE= Pyrogallol equivalents) and the flavonoid content was 1193±302 mg (QE)/g (QE= Quercetin equivalents) according to the AlCl3 colorimetric assay. DPPH radical scavenging activity (RSA) of ALEPA was 11.3±2.8-52.3±5.0% for concentrations of 50-500 µg/ml whereas ascorbic acid showed 28.0±0.7-90.7±0.1% in the concentration range of 200-500 µg/ml. ALEPA showed better ferrous ion reducing activity compared to ascorbic acid. Hydroxyl RSA of ALEPA was 17.4±1.3-41.5±0.5% in the concentration range of 20-50mg/ml whereas ascorbic acid showed 7.0±0.2-19.8±0.5% for the same concentration range. Overproduction of nitric oxide free radicals are implicated in inflammation. In the NO scavenging assay, ALEPA showed activity 26.0±3.6-69.2±2.5% in the concentrations of 0.2-8 ppm whereas ascorbic acid showed activity 26.8±2.5-49.3±1.9% in the concentrations of 0.2-4 ppm. In human red blood cell (HRBC) assay, ALEPA showed 48.0±1.9-60.6±2.6% HRBC membrane protection whereas the Asprin showed 39.7±0.4-49.0±0.5% activity. The prevention of HRBC membrane lysis is taken as a measure of anti-inflammatory activity and also ALEPA showed antibacterial activity towards Escherichia coli, Streptococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis

Medication waste disposal practices among patients attending selected out patient departments in a tertiary care institution: a cross sectional survey

Background: Medication waste has major implications on human and animal health, environmental safety and the health economy. Low and middle income countries have paid less attention to proper medication waste disposal at household and community level. This is the first baseline assessment on medication waste disposal practices among the general public in Sri Lanka.Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional survey, conducted via face to face interviews using a structured questionnaire among selected outpatient clinics at the National Hospital of Sri Lanka. A non-probability sampling technique was used to achieve a representative sample from each clinic. The data collectors were trained prior to administering the questionnaire. Data was presented as descriptive statistics using percentages. Chi-square test was used to find associations.Results: From the total number of participants (n=200) majority were females 135 (67.5%). Majority of the participants (78%) stated that they have unused medicines at home. Among them, tablet form was the commonest (78%) followed by topical preparations (49%). Commonest reason for having unused medicines at home were self-discontinuation as illness resolved (57.5%). There was a significant difference between the knowledge and practices when disposing tablet form (<0.001), syrups (0.002), topical preparations (0.04) and sharps (<0.001). Majority (23%) discarded sharp to rubbish bins. Rubbish bin was the commonest mode of disposal for all dosage forms as well as devices.Conclusions: In this sample majority had unused medicines at home which was compatible with the pattern seen in other countries and need proper attention