14 research outputs found

    <i>L1CAM</i> splice site mutation in Patient 1.

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    <p>(A) IGV snapshot of c.3458-1G>A variant in the <i>L1CAM</i> gene (Chr X:153129005, hg19). (B) Sanger sequencing confirmation of c.3458-1G>A variant (NM_000425.3) (C) Partial cDNA sequence showing the mutant allele with the 5 bp deletion.</p

    <i>USP9X</i> splice site mutation in Patient 3.

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    <p>(A) IGV snapshot of c.1986-1G>T variant in <i>USP9X</i> (Chr X:41025124, hg19). (B) Sanger sequencing confirmation of c.1986-1G>T variant (NM_001039590.2) in Patient 3. (C) Partial cDNA sequence showing expression of both the wild type and low level mutant allele with the 13 bp deletion. (D) Partial cDNA sequence of control patient. (E) Partial genomic DNA sequence of exon 15 (uppercase, blue) and intron 14 (lowercase, red) of <i>USP9X</i> gene showing the c.1986-1G>T variant (arrow) and the 13 bp deletion (r.1986_1998delATTTTTATTGAAG) which is underlined.</p

    ARCN1 Mutations Cause a Recognizable Craniofacial Syndrome Due to COPI-Mediated Transport Defects.

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    Cellular homeostasis is maintained by the highly organized cooperation of intracellular trafficking systems, including COPI, COPII, and clathrin complexes. COPI is a coatomer protein complex responsible for intracellular protein transport between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus. The importance of such intracellular transport mechanisms is underscored by the various disorders, including skeletal disorders such as cranio-lenticulo-sutural dysplasia and osteogenesis imperfect, caused by mutations in the COPII coatomer complex. In this article, we report a clinically recognizable craniofacial disorder characterized by facial dysmorphisms, severe micrognathia, rhizomelic shortening, microcephalic dwarfism, and mild developmental delay due to loss-of-function heterozygous mutations in ARCN1, which encodes the coatomer subunit delta of COPI. ARCN1 mutant cell lines were revealed to have endoplasmic reticulum stress, suggesting the involvement of ER stress response in the pathogenesis of this disorder. Given that ARCN1 deficiency causes defective type I collagen transport, reduction of collagen secretion represents the likely mechanism underlying the skeletal phenotype that characterizes this condition. Our findings demonstrate the importance of COPI-mediated transport in human development, including skeletogenesis and brain growth
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