Pragmatics of the coronavirus discourse (based on internet news articles about coronavirus)

The article considers the problem of pragmatic characteristics of the COVID-19 discourse. It reveals and characterizes the main strategies and tactics of this type of communication. The lack of attention to the coronavirus discourse shown by linguists must be explained by an absolute novelty of this communicative and social phenomenon, its recent introduction into our communicative world. Just a few works on the problems of coronavirus communication can be found in linguistics and other social sciences. They sporadically concentrate on some issues concerning the coronavirus discourse without providing its overall pragmalinguistic or any other structure. Therefore, the relevance of our research aiming at finding and characterizing the communicative strategies and tactics of the coronavirus discourse is beyond argument. While the term “speech/communicative strategy” implies a person’s or people’s overall communicative behavior intended to achieve some goal, a speech tactic involves a particular technique used to achieve a certain goal. The object of our analysis is internet news articles about coronavirus (top news feeds in most popular search engines such as Google, Yahoo, MSN, Bing, AltaVista, etc.). Our choice of the object is predetermined by the highest degree of popularity of internet news articles among the population as well as their high pragmatic potential. The article shows that the system of strategies and tactics depends on a particular type of the COVID-19 discourse (statistical, socially oriented, and popular science discourse). Thus, the statistical discourse is characterized by just a few tactics (the generalizing tactics, the specifying tactics, etc.) which represent the strategy of fast reporting. The popular science discourse with its leading strategy of education is not exuberant in tactics either. This type of discourse is characterized by the tactics of presentation, argumentation, definition, etc. as there is no need to use a lot of tactical techniques to popularize objective knowledge. The only type of the COVID-19 discourse which has developed a welldisposed system of tactics is the socially oriented discourse (the tactics of showing care, shocking by statistics, direct recommendation, positive or negative forecasting, etc.), which is predetermined by the specific character of its main strategy of persuasion. A combination of several tactics in one context is a common feature of any type of the COVID-19 discourse

Potential for Development of an Escherichia coli—Based Biosensor for Assessing Bioavailable Methionine: A Review

Methionine is an essential amino acid for animals and is typically considered one of the first limiting amino acids in animal feed formulations. Methionine deficiency or excess in animal diets can lead to sub-optimal animal performance and increased environmental pollution, which necessitates its accurate quantification and proper dosage in animal rations. Animal bioassays are the current industry standard to quantify methionine bioavailability. However, animal-based assays are not only time consuming, but expensive and are becoming more scrutinized by governmental regulations. In addition, a variety of artifacts can hinder the variability and time efficacy of these assays. Microbiological assays, which are based on a microbial response to external supplementation of a particular nutrient such as methionine, appear to be attractive potential alternatives to the already established standards. They are rapid and inexpensive in vitro assays which are characterized with relatively accurate and consistent estimation of digestible methionine in feeds and feed ingredients. The current review discusses the potential to develop Escherichia coli-based microbial biosensors for methionine bioavailability quantification. Methionine biosynthesis and regulation pathways are overviewed in relation to genetic manipulation required for the generation of a respective methionine auxotroph that could be practical for a routine bioassay. A prospective utilization of Escherichia coli methionine biosensor would allow for inexpensive and rapid methionine quantification and ultimately enable timely assessment of nutritional profiles of feedstuffs

Region in the international economic cooperation system

The paper presents aspects of contents, types and forms of international cooperation ties and its impact on the region economic development. The concept of the region kernel cooperative interaction is provided and the scope for the Republic of Tatarstan region is defined. The Republic of Tatarstan existing system of external economic ties, peculiarities of its dynamics in recent decades are analyzed and growth prospects estimation of international region production cooperation are given. © IDOSI Publications, 2013

Финансовые взаимосвязи сценарных индикаторов бюджетного прогнозирования с показателями федерального бюджета России

The realism of the scenario indicators used in the formation of the federal budget of the Russian Federation in the context of the special significance of the budgetary mechanism for the adaptation of the national economy to global challenges becomes of particular importance while maintaining internal and external sanctions risks. The purpose of this study is to assess the validity of the forecast values of scenario macroeconomic indicators that determine the key characteristics of the Russian federal budget in the current budget cycle, and to develop proposals for clarifying the composition and concretizing approaches to their forecasting for the medium term in conditions of increased uncertainty. The study is based on an abstract-logical method, including a critical analysis of the predictive values of macro-indicators adopted as the basis for the parameters of the federal budget of the Russian Federation in 2023 and the planned period of 2024 and 2025 (using the level of consumer prices and the exchange rate of the ruble as an example), establishing causal relationships between the reliability of projected budget parameters at the federal level and the state of the Russian economy, identifying possible directions for the development of approaches to forecasting initial indicators for the preparation of the federal budget. In particular, the article suggests that in the forecasting of basic scenario parameters to detail the accounting for the dynamics of world prices, the real effective exchange rate of the ruble, to optimize the selection of exchange rate factors, and to take into account the variability of exchange rate volatility. The author’s developments presented in the article contribute to the efficiency of the execution of the federal budget in terms of the use of its resources, and therefore can be used in the activities of state authorities in the development of budget policy. Реалистичность сценарных показателей, используемых при формировании федерального бюджета Российской Федерации в контексте особой значимости бюджетного механизма для адаптации национальной экономики к глобальным вызовам, приобретает особое значение при сохранении внутренних и внешних санкционных рисков. Цель настоящего исследования —  оценка обоснованности прогнозных значений сценарных макроэкономических показателей, определяющих ключевые характеристики федерального бюджета России в текущем бюджетном цикле, и разработка предложений по уточнению состава и конкретизации подходов к их прогнозированию на среднесрочный период в условиях повышенной неопределенности. В основу исследования положен абстрактно-логический метод, включающий критический анализ прогнозных значений макроиндикаторов, принятых в качестве базы параметров федерального бюджета Российской Федерации в 2023 г. и плановом периоде 2024 и 2025 гг. (на примере уровня потребительских цен и валютного курса рубля), установление причинно-следственных связей между достоверностью проектируемых бюджетных параметров на федеральном уровне и состоянием российской экономики, выявление возможных направлений развития подходов прогнозирования исходных индикаторов для составления федерального бюджета. В частности, в статье предлагается при прогнозировании базовых сценарных параметров детализировать учет динамики мировых цен, реального эффективного курса рубля, оптимизировать отбор курсообразующих факторов, учитывать вариативность курсовой волатильности. Представленные в статье авторские разработки способствуют эффективности исполнения федерального бюджета и могут быть использованы в деятельности государственных органов власти при разработке бюджетной политики

Effect of non-thermal processing on the aromatic profile of Cantaloupe melon juice

info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Data for wetlandscapes and their changes around the world

Geography and associated hydrological, hydroclimate and land-use conditions and their changes determine the states and dynamics of wetlands and their ecosystem services. The influences of these controls are not limited to just the local scale of each individual wetland but extend over larger landscape areas that integrate multiple wetlands and their total hydrological catchment – the wetlandscape. However, the data and knowledge of conditions and changes over entire wetlandscapes are still scarce, limiting the capacity to accurately understand and manage critical wetland ecosystems and their services under global change. We present a new Wetlandscape Change Information Database (WetCID), consisting of geographic, hydrological, hydroclimate and land-use information and data for 27 wetlandscapes around the world. This combines survey-based local information with geographic shapefiles and gridded datasets of large-scale hydroclimate and land-use conditions and their changes over whole wetlandscapes. Temporally, WetCID contains 30-year time series of data for mean monthly precipitation and temperature and annual land-use conditions. The survey-based site information includes local knowledge on the wetlands, hydrology, hydroclimate and land uses within each wetlandscape and on the availability and accessibility of associated local data. This novel database (available through PANGAEA https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.907398; Ghajarnia et al., 2019) can support site assessments; cross-regional comparisons; and scenario analyses of the roles and impacts of land use, hydroclimatic and wetland conditions, and changes in whole-wetlandscape functions and ecosystem services

Computational Design of Auxotrophy-Dependent Microbial Biosensors for Combinatorial Metabolic Engineering Experiments

Combinatorial approaches in metabolic engineering work by generating genetic diversity in a microbial population followed by screening for strains with improved phenotypes. One of the most common goals in this field is the generation of a high rate chemical producing strain. A major hurdle with this approach is that many chemicals do not have easy to recognize attributes, making their screening expensive and time consuming. To address this problem, it was previously suggested to use microbial biosensors to facilitate the detection and quantification of chemicals of interest. Here, we present novel computational methods to: (i) rationally design microbial biosensors for chemicals of interest based on substrate auxotrophy that would enable their high-throughput screening; (ii) predict engineering strategies for coupling the synthesis of a chemical of interest with the production of a proxy metabolite for which high-throughput screening is possible via a designed bio-sensor. The biosensor design method is validated based on known genetic modifications in an array of E. coli strains auxotrophic to various amino-acids. Predicted chemical production rates achievable via the biosensor-based approach are shown to potentially improve upon those predicted by current rational strain design approaches. (A Matlab implementation of the biosensor design method is available via http://www.cs.technion.ac.il/~tomersh/tools)

Evaluation and Characterization of Bacterial Metabolic Dynamics with a Novel Profiling Technique, Real-Time Metabolotyping

BACKGROUND: Environmental processes in ecosystems are dynamically altered by several metabolic responses in microorganisms, including intracellular sensing and pumping, battle for survival, and supply of or competition for nutrients. Notably, intestinal bacteria maintain homeostatic balance in mammals via multiple dynamic biochemical reactions to produce several metabolites from undigested food, and those metabolites exert various effects on mammalian cells in a time-dependent manner. We have established a method for the analysis of bacterial metabolic dynamics in real time and used it in combination with statistical NMR procedures. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We developed a novel method called real-time metabolotyping (RT-MT), which performs sequential (1)H-NMR profiling and two-dimensional (2D) (1)H, (13)C-HSQC (heteronuclear single quantum coherence) profiling during bacterial growth in an NMR tube. The profiles were evaluated with such statistical methods as Z-score analysis, principal components analysis, and time series of statistical TOtal Correlation SpectroScopY (TOCSY). In addition, using 2D (1)H, (13)C-HSQC with the stable isotope labeling technique, we observed the metabolic kinetics of specific biochemical reactions based on time-dependent 2D kinetic profiles. Using these methods, we clarified the pathway for linolenic acid hydrogenation by a gastrointestinal bacterium, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens. We identified trans11, cis13 conjugated linoleic acid as the intermediate of linolenic acid hydrogenation by B. fibrisolvens, based on the results of (13)C-labeling RT-MT experiments. In addition, we showed that the biohydrogenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids serves as a defense mechanism against their toxic effects. CONCLUSIONS: RT-MT is useful for the characterization of beneficial bacterium that shows potential for use as probiotic by producing bioactive compounds