A Concise Review on Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) and their Mechanical Significance Including Industrial Applications

Excellent characteristics of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) include light weight, high strength, high modulus, and high temperature resistance. CFRP has a wide range of potential applications in the domains of public safety, aviation, and high-end non-military people products. Different methods have been used to modify the CFRP in order to increase surface action, harshness, and wettability, improving the interfacial binding between the fiber and network for better mechanical properties. Finally, a few CFRP-related difficulties are looked at, and future directions in interfacial support research are predicted. In this day and age, innovation-focused applications are becoming more significant, and the use of mechanical cycles is progressing swiftly and steadily. Due to their exceptional performance, such as low weight, high specific strength, and high specific stiffness, carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites have a wide application viewpoint in the aerospace, military, and wind power sector high-quality civilian products. Currently, there is still a significant discrepancy between the theoretical calculation of the CFRP and the actual force. Improving the interface rationally is the key to solving this fundamental issue. The development, properties, and contemporary applications of CFRP composite materials, as well as their processing and boring activities, are discussed in this overview along with recent innovations and potential future applications

Ionic liquid-based vortex-assisted DLLME followed by RP-LC-PDA method for bioassay of daclatasvir in rat serum: application to pharmacokinetics

Abstract Background Daclatasvir is a direct-acting antiviral agent against hepatitis C virus (HCV) used for the treatment of chronic HCV genotype infections of 1 and 3. Hepatitis C is an infectious liver disease caused by infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV). There are no reports found to be daclatasvir in ionic liquid-based extraction. Methods A simple vortex assisted an environmental eco-friendly ionic liquid dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method for determination of daclatasvir form rat serum. For the sample extraction, various green solvents, like ionic liquids, were used. The repercussion of various dispersive solvents, extractant, and disperser ratios was evaluated; non-identical ionic liquids assess the salt concentration on sample recoveries and enrichment factors were examined. Amid all the ionic liquids that were scrutinized, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate was selected as the most effective ionic liquid. Results The present bioassay recoveries were found to be more than 99.4% at an extractant and disperser ratio of 0.43 with an addition of 5.0% NaCl (sodium chloride) that was selected as an effective salt concentration for present extraction. Compared to protein precipitation, the enhanced detection and quantification limits attained were 0.015 μg/mL and 0.045 μg/mL, respectively. A linear relationship in the range of 0.05–10.0 μg/mL respectively with a correlation coefficient of (r 2) 0.9996 was observed. Conclusion The developed method was successfully applied to study the pharmacokinetics of daclatasvir in rat serum according to the bioanalytical method validation guidelines

Recent Advances in Nano-Enabled Fertilizers towards Sustainable Agriculture and Environment: A Mini Review

Food creation be directed expand uniquely to take care of the developing human populace; however, this should be accomplished while at the same time decreasing unfriendly natural effects. In such manner, there is expanding interest in the utilization of nanomaterials as composts for further developing plant mineral sustenances that are crippling Indian agriculture. To address these problems, there is a need to explore one of the frontier technologies like nano-technology to precisely detect and deliver correct quantity of nutrients that promote the productivity. Nano-technology uses synthesized materials that are 10–9 nm in size to improve the productivity, yield and crop quality. Research has proved beyond doubt that the nano-fertilizers that contain readily available nutrients in nano-scale have increased uptake, absorption and improved bioavailability in the plant body compared to the conventional bulk equivalents. This audit assesses the current writing on ENMs utilized as pesticides and manures, and features basic information holes that should be addressed to guarantee maintainable use of nanotechnology in horticulture to accomplish worldwide food security. Designing nanoparticles-based nanofertilizers offer advantages in crop nourishment of the board by upgrading abiotic stress resilience and improving farming efficiency towards the advancement of brilliant and supportable future horticulture

Chiral LC-PDA-ORD Method for The Separation of Linagliptin Enantiomers On Coated Polysaccharide Based Amylose Tris (3, 5-Dimethylphenylcarbamate) Stationary Phases

Chiral normal phase high performance liquid chromatographic (chiral-HPLC) was designed and verified for the separation of linagliptin enantiomers using coated polysaccharide chiral stationary phases. The stationary phase was amylose tris (3, 5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (250x4.6mm, 5 µm), while the mobile phase was a mixture of 50:50:0.1% v/v. With a flow rate of 1 mL/min, orthophosphoric acid was mixed with hexane, isopropyl alcohol, and diethyl amine to achieve a pH of 5.2. The detection was seen at 225 nm. The optical rotatory dispersion (ORD) polarimeter was connected in series to the PDA outlet in order to determine the enantiomer conformation. The linagliptin retention times were found to be 5.454 and 8.772 minutes. Between 3.9 and 23.4 µg/ml, enantiomers were discovered to be linear, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9995. This method was validated in terms of linearity, LOD, LOQ, precision, accuracy, and robustness studies in accordance with ICH requirements. Novelty: The proposed analytical method for the chiral analysis of linagliptin can be used by pharmaceutical industries quality control departments

QbD based RP-HPLC method for simultaneous determination of a emtricitabine, tenofovir diproxil fumarate and efavirenz in tablet dosage form – an application to stability indicating assay

The current studies entail Quality by Design (QbD)-enabled development of a simple, rapid, sensitive and cost-effective high-performance liquid chromatographic method for estimation of emtricitabine (EMT), tenofovir diproxil fumarate (TEN), and efavirenz (EFA) in combined dosage form. Systematic optimization was performed employing Box-Behnken design by selecting the flow rate, buffer molarity, and acetonitrile volume as the critical method parameters (CMPs) identified from screening studies, thus evaluating the critical analytical attributes (CAAs), namely, retention duration, theoretical plates, resolution, and asymmetry factor as the parameters of method robustness. The optimal chromatographic separation was achieved using acetonitrile and phosphate buffer (pH 3.0) 74.1:25.9 v/v as the mobile phase with a flow rate 0.91 mL/min, and UV detection at 260 nm. The method was validated as per the ICH recommended conditions, which revealed high degree of linearity, accuracy, precision, sensitivity and robustness over the existing liquid chromatographic methods of the drug. Studies on forced degradation under acid, basic, oxidative, photolytic, and thermal conditions revealed the drug’s well-resolved peak and the degradation products’ peaks as well.</p