Unit Costs of Health and Social Care 2022 Manual

Knowing the cost of specific health and social care services is crucial information for making decisions about what support is provided to those who need help, assisting service providers to plan for the future of their services, and more generally for allocating scarce resources and budgets. To support resourcing decisions, the Unit Cost Programme has been carried out by the Personal Social Services Research Unit (PSSRU) at the University of Kent. They produced the annual cost estimates for the delivery of health and social care services for 29 years. Lesley Curtis, a Senior Research Fellow at PSSRU led the Unit Costs of Health and Social Care programme, alongside Jennifer Beecham, Ann Netten and Amanda Burns. In 2020, Karen Jones, Co-Director of PSSRU, led the programme for two years. The annual publication is freely available online. The work is underpinned by three key principles: 1. The provision of robust, consistent estimates of costs based on economic theory and reflecting the long-run marginal opportunity cost. 2. Comprehensive coverage of available health and social care services, reflective of new service developments. 3. Clarity and accessibility in the presentation of cost estimates. The annual volume included nationally-applicable costs for around 80 health and adult social care services (NHS, local authority, private and voluntary) as well as at least three articles by academics and practitioners each year. Unit costs represents the total expenditure incurred to produce one unit of output in health and social care. For example, the cost of one hour of a nurse or GP’s time, or a face-to-face appointment with a social worker or perhaps a speech therapist. It could also be a week in a residential care or nursing home or the cost of a day care attendance. The consistency, comprehensiveness and robustness of what was produced over time has seen the volumes become a cornerstone of economic evaluations and a resource to inform deliberations among decision-makers. Acknowledgements: The Unit Cost of Health and Social Care contract was completed in 2022. We would like to thank our previous Advisory Group (Ross Campbell, Adriana Castelli, Ciara Donnelly, Sebastian Hinde, Tracey Sach, James Shearer, Adam Storrow and Jonathan White) for their input at our meetings. We would also like to thank colleagues from the Department of Health and Social Care, NHS Digital and the Department of Education who shared the relevant datasets so we can estimate the unit costs. In addition, we received invaluable assistance from Anna Peckham, Sarah Godfrey, Alan Dargan and Ed Ludlow from the University of Kent. Thank you to you all. The Unit Costs of Health and Social Care Programme (2022-2027) In 2022, PSSRU and the Centre for Health Economics (CHE) at the University of York began a new five-year collaboration to continue to estimate unit costs for health and social care and to deliver an annual volume

Unit Costs of Health and Social Care 2023 Manual

Knowing the cost of specific health and social care services is crucial information for making decisions about what support is provided to those who need help, assisting service providers to plan for the future of their services, and more generally for allocating scarce resources and budgets. To support resourcing decisions, the Unit Cost Programme has been carried out by the Personal Social Services Research Unit (PSSRU) at the University of Kent. They produced the annual cost estimates for the delivery of health and social care services for 29 years. Lesley Curtis, a Senior Research Fellow at PSSRU led the Unit Costs of Health and Social Care programme, alongside Jennifer Beecham, Ann Netten and Amanda Burns. In 2020, Karen Jones, Co-Director of PSSRU, led the programme for two years. The annual publication is freely available online. The work is underpinned by three key principles: 1. The provision of robust, consistent estimates of costs based on economic theory and reflecting the long-run marginal opportunity cost. 2. Comprehensive coverage of available health and social care services, reflective of new service developments. 3. Clarity and accessibility in the presentation of cost estimates. The annual volume included nationally-applicable costs for around 80 health and adult social care services (NHS, local authority, private and voluntary) as well as at least three articles by academics and practitioners each year. Unit costs represents the total expenditure incurred to produce one unit of output in health and social care. For example, the cost of one hour of a nurse or GP’s time, or a face-to-face appointment with a social worker or perhaps a speech therapist. It could also be a week in a residential care or nursing home or the cost of a day care attendance. The consistency, comprehensiveness and robustness of what was produced over time has seen the volumes become a cornerstone of economic evaluations and a resource to inform deliberations among decision-makers

Search for gravitational waves from low mass compact binary coalescence in 186 days of LIGO's fifth science run

We report on a search for gravitational waves from coalescing compact binaries, of total mass between 2 and 35M_☉, using LIGO observations between November 14, 2006 and May 18, 2007. No gravitational-wave signals were detected. We report upper limits on the rate of compact binary coalescence as a function of total mass. The LIGO cumulative 90%-confidence rate upper limits of the binary coalescence of neutron stars, black holes and black hole-neutron star systems are 1.4 × 10^(-2), 7.3 × 10(-4) and 3.6 × 10(-3) yr(-1) L_10^(-1), respectively, where L_(10_ is 10^(10) times the blue solar luminosit

Astrophysically triggered searches for gravitational waves: status and prospects

In gravitational-wave detection, special emphasis is put onto searches that focus on cosmic events detected by other types of astrophysical observatories. The astrophysical triggers, e. g. from gamma-ray and x-ray satellites, optical telescopes and neutrino observatories, provide a trigger time for analyzing gravitational-wave data coincident with the event. In certain cases the expected frequency range, source energetics, directional and progenitor information are also available. Beyond allowing the recognition of gravitational waveforms with amplitudes closer to the noise floor of the detector, these triggered searches should also lead to rich science results even before the onset of Advanced LIGO. In this paper we provide a broad review of LIGO's astrophysically triggered searches and the sources they target

Sensitivity to Gravitational Waves from Compact Binary Coalescences Achieved during LIGO's Fifth and Virgo's First Science Run

We summarize the sensitivity achieved by the LIGO and Virgo gravitational wave detectors for compact binary coalescence (CBC) searches during LIGO's fifth science run and Virgo's first science run. We present noise spectral density curves for each of the four detectors that operated during these science runs which are representative of the typical performance achieved by the detectors for CBC searches. These spectra are intended for release to the public as a summary of detector performance for CBC searches during these science runs

Covalent modification of enzymes by chloromethylketone derivatives of fatty acids

The work developed the synthesis of chloromethylketone fatty acid derivatives (Cl.CH2.CO.(CH2)n 000H]. Synthetic methods were developed for synthesis of these compounds with 2-8 methylene groups. Additional synthetic reactions are described for the synthesis of non-hydrolysable CoA esters, spin-label derivatives and iodo-ketones. Initially the reaction of S-chloro-4-oxopentanoic acid with rabbit muscle pyruvate kinase was studied. Pyruvate kinase was irreversibly inactivated with a pKa of 9.2. Inhibition was time and concentration dependent (Kr, 0.54 min-l; KI, 9.3 mM; n, 1.5 ± 0.2). Active site ligands prevented inhibition and their effectiveness was in the order Mg2+&gt; phosphoenolpyruvate &gt;ATP &gt;&gt; ADP &gt; pyruvate. 5-Chloro-4-oxo-[3,5-'H] pentanoic acid was covalently bound to pyruvate kinase and demonstrated a stoichiometry of 1 mol of inhibitor bound per mol of pyruvate kinase subunit. The incorporation of inhibitor and the loss of enzyme activity was proportional. 4-Hydroxypentanoic acid alanine thioether was synthesised and identified as the modified amino acid formed by reacting pyruvate kinase with S-chloro4-oxo-(3,S-3H1 pentanoic acid. Performic acid oxidation of the labelled enzyme gave [(H] succinate (67%) and [3H] carboxymethylcysteine (33%) as predicted for the products of the Baeyer-Villiger reaction. NaBH4 reduction followed by periodate oxidation and analysis of radioactive formaldehyde production provided a convenient method for distinguishing between thiol and amino alkylation by halogenomethyl ketones. Chloromethylketone fatty acids were covalent inhibitors of pig heart acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase. The KI decreased by approximately 20 fold for each pair of methylenes added to the inhibitor chain length showing that the inhibitor initially bound to a non-polar region of the protein. This region may be at the active site since acetyl CoA and acetoacetyl CoA protected against inhibition. The inhibitor modified a thiol group on the enzyme since inactivation of the enzyme was prevented by reversible thiolmethylation of the active site thiol. Evidence was obtained that the enzyme active site thiol was particularly active.</p

Students as transferors of knowledge: the problem of measuring success.

Measuring the success of knowledge transfer from universities to firms has traditionally been seen as an unproblematic activity, apart from the practical issues of how to measure the new jobs and sales that have been created. This paper problematises the concept of ‘success’ in terms of its definition, measurement and interpretation. It explores critically one approach to policy evaluation by assessing a programme of knowledge transfer to SMEs using university students. It reviews critically different definitions of success and methods of assessing success. It provides guidance on how to predict success, which may be useful for other programmes of knowledge transfer. An agenda for future research in this area is proposed that links this paper’s approach to other methods of evaluation