Structural diversities in metal-organic coordination polymers based on flexibility in organic spacer

Metal-organic coordination polymers with their various novel structural motifs have drawn intense research interests over the last few decades. Interestingly, flexibility of the organic spacers in such metalorganic coordination polymers can direct various structural topology and intricate networks. A novel 1D coordination polymer and some other illustrative examples with different flexible ligands like 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane (bpe) and 1,3-bis(4-pyridyl)propane (bpp) have been discussed in this review. Both gauche and anti-conformations could be adopted by the bpe ligand, and hence diverse structures can be furnished. Further flexibility could be achieved by exploiting longer ligand like 1,3-bis(4-pyridyl) propane (bpp). Our group has been pursuing research to furnish such flexible compounds and study their different functionalities. An account of design of such diverse systems by employing judicious ligand design strategy and their different structural aspects will be presented in this review

Mg-MOF-74@SBA-15 hybrids: synthesis, characterization, and adsorption properties

Nanocrystals of Mg-MOF-74 have been immobilized into the mesopores of SBA-15 rods to fabricate Mg-MOF-74@SBA-15 hybrid materials. To furnish such composites, a relatively simple synthetic strategy has been adopted by direct dispersion of the metal-organic framework (MOF) precursors in SBA-15 matrix to prepare the hybrid materials in situ. The hybrid materials have been characterized using powder X-ray diffraction and several spectroscopic and microscopic techniques, which suggest growth of the MOF nanocrystals inside the SBA-15 mesopores and the composites exhibit characteristics of both the components. N2 adsorption isotherms at 77 K reveal that the composites contain additional mesopores, compared to only micropores of pristine MOF nanocrystals. In addition to such combination of both micro and mesoporosity, the composites also demonstrate significant CO2 adsorption at room temperature

Solution of Fractional Order Differential Equation Problems by Triangular Functions for Biomedical Applications

Abstract—Fractional Order Differential equations are used for modelling of a wide variety of biological systems but the solution process of such equations are quite complex. In this paper Orthogonal Triangular functions and their operational matrices have been used for finding an approximate solution of Fractional Order Differential Equations. This technique has been found to be more powerful in solving Fractional Order Differential Equations owing to the fact that the differential equations are reduced to systems of algebraic equations which are easy to solve numerically and the percentage error is lower compared to other methods of solutions (like: Laplace Transform Method). Also due to the recursive nature of this method, it can also be concluded that this method is less complex and more efficient in solving varieties of the Fractional Order Differential Equations

ANALYSIS OF TIME-DELAYED NON-LINEAR EQUATIONS USING HF FUNCTIONS

The paper deals with the analysis of non-linear time delayed differential equations solved using HF functions. The analysis is first performed on Mackey-Glass Equation, which is a standard model for quantitative characterization of chaotic dynamics. The procedure is then performed on a generalized Human respiratory control model, where for different simulation parameters the analysis of Cheyne-Stokes Breathing is done. Both models are simulated in MATLAB. The graphs thus generated are used to provide suitable conclusions

The relationship among the age at menarche, anthropometric characteristics, and socio-economic factors in Bengali girls from Kolkata, India

Special Issue: Continuity and Change in Biocultural Anthropology.OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to measure the causal effect of selected socio-economic factors and anthropometrical characteristics on the menarche occurrence. METHODS: The sample consisted of 2195 Bengali girls (aged 7-21) from middle-class families, from Kolkata city, India. The age at menarche was recorded from the retrospective data and status quo method. The causal effect of anthropometric and socio-economic variables on menarche occurrence was estimated by the nonparametrical analysis of survival probability (survival random forest). RESULTS: In the examined cohort menarche occurred, on average, at 11.8 years of age. The probability of menarche occurrence amplified with the increasing values of factors such as body mass index, height-for-age z-scores, number of family members, household rooms, and toilets, but decreased when expenditures increased. The relation maintained a similar pattern of causal effect with girls' age. CONCLUSIONS: A complex pattern of relationship among sexual development, physique, and socio-economic characteristics was defined. The tendency toward early menarche, along with the observed causal relationships indicate that the analyzed sample is nearing the characteristics and standards of living noted in other middle and even high-income countries in the world.This study has been sponsored by the Neys van Hoogstraten Foundation, The Netherlands (ID158) and Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India

N-Glycosylation of the Na+-Taurocholate Cotransporting Polypeptide (NTCP) Determines Its Trafficking and Stability and Is Required for Hepatitis B Virus Infection

The sodium/bile acid cotransporter NTCP was recently identified as a receptor for hepatitis B virus (HBV). NTCP is glycosylated and the role of glycans in protein trafficking or viral receptor activity is not known. NTCP contains two N-linked glycosylation sites and asparagine amino acid residues N5 and N11 were mutated to a glutamine to generate NTCP with a single glycan (NTCP-N5Q or NTCP- N11Q) or no glycans (NTCP- N5,11Q). HepG2 cells expressing NTCP with a single glycan supported HBV infection at a comparable level to NTCP-WT. The physiological function of NTCP, the uptake of bile acids, was also not affected in cells expressing these single glycosylation variants, consistent with their trafficking to the plasma membrane. However, glycosylation-deficient NTCP (NTCP-N5,11Q) failed to support HBV infection, showed minimal cellular expression and was degraded in the lysosome. This affected the physiological bile acid transporter function of NTCP-N5,11Q in a similar fashion. In conclusion, N-glycosylation is required for efficient NTCP localization at the plasma membrane and subsequent HBV infection and these characteristics are preserved in NTCP carrying a single carbohydrate moiety

Double ligand activation in silyl-substituted rare-earth cyclobutadienyl complexes

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Effect of Different Concentrations of Plant Growth Hormones for in Vitro Regeneration of Rice Varieties BRRI Dhan 28 and BRRI Dhan 29

A method for in-vitro propagation of BRRI dhan 28 and BRRI dhan 29 was developed by using seed embryos as explants on MS media and half strength MS media containing different concentrations of plant growth regulators and hormones. In case of BRRI dhan 28, approximately 10

Novel Microbial System Developed from Low-Level Radioactive Waste Treatment Plant for Environmental Sustenance

A packed bed bioreactor efficiently treated low-level radioactive waste for years with a retention time of 24 h using acetate as the sole carbon source. However, there was generation of dead biomass. This bioreactor biomass was used to develop a bacterial consortium, which could perform the function within 4 h while simultaneously accumulating nitrate and phosphate. The dead mass was negligible. Serial dilution technique was used to isolate the world’s first pure culture of a nitrate accumulating strain from this consortium. This isolate could simultaneously accumulate nitrate and phosphate from solution. Its ability to form biofilm helped develop a packed bed bioreactor system for waste water treatment, which could optimally remove 94.46% nitrate within 11 h in batch mode while 8 h in continuous mode from waste water starting from 275 ppm of nitrate. The conventional approach revealed the strain to be a member of genus Bacillus but showed distinct differences with the type strains. Further insilico analysis of the draft genome and the putative protein sequences using the bioinformatics tools revealed the strain to be a novel variant of genus Bacillus. The sequestered nitrate and phosphate within the cell were visualized through electron microscopy and explained the reason behind the ability of the isolate to accumulate 1.12 mg of phosphate and 1.3 gm of nitrate per gram of wet weight. Transcriptome analysis proposed the mechanism behind the accumulation of nitrate and phosphate in case of this novel bacterial isolate (MCC 0008). The strain with the sequestered nutrients work as biofertilizer for yield enhancement in case of mung bean while maintaining soil fertility post-cultivation