Formulation and Invitro Evaluation of Promethazine Hcl Rapid Dissolving Tablets

Promethazine HCl is a first generation H1 receptor antagonist used medically as an antihistamine and antiemetic. It is an effective and well tolerated antiemetic, especially used in motion sickness condition. It has been associated with a wide variety of chemotherapy and radiotherapy regimens, but in conventional dosage forms it undergoes first pass metabolism where the oral bioavailability (88%) was reduced to 27%. The present study is an attempt to develop and formulate rapid dissolving tablets of Promethazine HCl, with superdisintegrants which disintegrates in matter of seconds in the oral cavity, thereby reducing the time of onset of pharmacological action and to prevent the first pass metabolism of Promethazine HCl. The identification characterstics of drug like solubility, melting point, λmax were performed to findout the purity of drug. All the parameters observed were satisfactory and were within the prescribed official limits. In this system direct compression method was used, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is used as a diluent, sodium starch glycolate (SSG), crosscarmellose and crospovidone were used as superdisintegrants, talc is used as flow promoter, magnesium sterate was used as lubricant, aspartame as sweetener and raspberry flavour is used to improve mouth feel. The drug- polymer compatibility was confirmed by FTIR studies. The results obtained by FTIR studies revealed that there was no chemical interaction between the pure drug and excipients. Direct compression method was employed to formulate the tablets, because of its cost effectiveness and due to reduced number of manufacturing steps. The pre-compression parameters like bulk density, tapped density, Carr’s ‘index and angle of repose were determined. The final formulation showed acceptable flow properties. The post-compression parameters like the thickness, hardness, friability and in vitro dispersion time, wetting time, water absorption ratio and in vitro drug release were carried out and the values were found to be within IP, BP limits. The final optimized formulation of Promethazine HCl tablets containing 5% crospovidone (PF9) was compared with marked conventional tablets of Promethazine HCl (Phenargan) and the results reveled that formulated rapid dissolving tablets of Promethazine HCl were effective and better to meet patient compliance. Hence based on the formulation development and their results, direct compression method is more suitable for Promethazine HCl rapid dissolving tablets in terms of palatability, physical and chemical properties better with reference product

Impact of spermiogram and sperm function test in idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss

Aims: To evaluate the role of sperm factors in idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss cases. Methods: We recruited 100 male subjects where their female partners experienced 2 or more idiopathic pregnancy losses. Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) males were grouped into two groups RPL1 (individuals having 2 abortion) and RPL2 (individuals having more than 2 abortions). Fifty volunteers who had fathered child/children prior to the study without the history of recurrent pregnancy loss and unassisted pregnancies were considered as control group. We grouped RPL males into two categories age below 35 years and above 35 years to test whether age plays any role on RPL. Routine semen parameters and sperm function test were performed for all the subjects. Statistical analysis was performed using Independent- Samples T test. Results: Insignificant differences were observed in seminal volume, pH, motility and sperm count but vitality test scores were significantly lesser in both RPL groups when compared to control group. For all three sperm function test both the RPL group showed lesser scores when compare to control. RPL2 group showed more abnormalities when compared to RPL1 group. We did not identify any significant difference for any of the parameters between two age group of RPL males. Conclusion: Our results recommend the screening of both partners simultaneous in RPL cases for the better diagnosis and treatment

A prospective study of role of doppler in pregnancy and the perinatal outcome

Background: The development of doppler ultrasonographic technology has provided an opportunity to obtain a qualitative and quantitative assessment of maternal and foetal circulation using a non-invasive method. It has been proved by many studies that doppler has a very important role in screening of high-risk pregnancies. Objective of this study was to evaluate the role of colour doppler study in normal and high-risk pregnancy in relation to perinatal outcome.Methods: A prospective study was done including 75 women with high risk pregnancy and 75 normal pregnant women during the period October 2018 to September 2019 in hospitals attached to Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute. Doppler examination was done after recording patients’ history, clinical examination and ultrasound. Results were analysed and conclusions were made.Results: Out of the 22 patients with PIH, 20 patients had abnormal umbilical artery S/D ratio and all 22 had abnormal MCA PI. Out of 12 patients with diabetes, 10 had abnormal umbilical artery S/D ratio. All the patients with IUGR had abnormal umbilical artery S/D ratio and abnormal MCA PI.Conclusions: Colour doppler flow velocimetry done repeatedly can predict adverse foetal events with a great degree of accuracy

First and second trimester bleeding and pregnancy outcome: a prospective study in a tertiary government hospital

Background: Bleeding in first and second trimester of pregnancy is one of the common complications of pregnancy. there is evidence from various prospective and retrospective studies that first and second trimester vaginal bleeding which continue with pregnancy is associated with adverse pregnancy outcome, including preterm delivery, low birth weight babies, perinatal death and congenital anomalies. Objective of this study was to know the outcome of pregnancies who have bleeding in first and second trimester of pregnancy.Methods: This study was prospective study done in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology, Vanivilas Hospital, Bangalore from September 2018 to August 2019.Results: This study concludes that I trimester vaginal bleeding are at increased risk of abortion than in II trimester vaginal bleeding. Risk of placenta previa was more in II trimester vaginal bleeding than in I trimester vaginal bleeding.Conclusions: This study concludes that I trimester vaginal bleeding are at increased risk of abortion than in II trimester vaginal bleeding. Risk of placenta previa was more in II trimester vaginal bleeding than in I trimester vaginal bleeding. Bleeding in I trimester and II trimester call for special attention in view of increased risk of preterm birth and perinatal death. Recognition of these association will be useful for detection and follow up of pregnancies being at high risk

ROLE OF PANCHAKARMA IN RESTLESS LEG SYNDROME - A CASE STUDY

Restless leg syndrome (RLS) is common medical condition, which is characterized by unpleasant leg sensation that is eased by movement (Motor restlessness). It has a strong familial tendency and can present with day time somnolence due to poor sleep. A need to move the legs usually accompanied or caused by uncomfortable, unpleasant sensation in legs, which worsens during period of rest or being inactivity such as lying or sitting. It generally worsens only during evening or night and relieves partially by movement such as walking or stretching, which are the diagnostic criteria of RLS. As it is a syndrome, it cannot be co-related to a single disease in Ayurveda. In RLS both Sensory and Motor changes takes place which is governed by Vatadosha, where sensation can be considered as Sensory thing (Gandana) and Movement is a Motor thing (Gati) which comes in responses to Sensory thing. When there is imbalance between the same, it can causes disturbances related both Sensory and Motor responses. Vrudha Vayu due to Nidana causes different types of Shula. Pain that aggravates during nights and Sheetha kala shows its predominancy. Pindikodweshtana appreciated in the case can also be considered under Nanatmaja Vatavyadhi. Thus by considering all these, it can be included under the broad heading of Vata vyadhi. Amapachana followed by Samanya Vatavyadhi Chikitsa in the form of Rukshana karma followed Snehana and Swedana were the treatment modalities adopted in the case, which showed significant improvements in all the symptoms patients had

Lodra Sevyadi Agada in Lootha Visha Chikitsa - A Review

There are numerous number of Agada formulations widely practised by Visha Vaidyas. Lodra Sevyadi Agada is one of the practically used medicine in the treatment of Lootha Visha (spider poisoning). This formulation is explained in two literatures namely Ashtanga Hridaya Keeta Visha Adhyaya and Prayoga Samuchayam by Kochunni Thamburan. It comprises of 10 ingredients and can be administered for Pana (internal administration), Nasya (nasal instillation) and Anjana (collirium). The internal administration of Lodra Sevyadi Agadam in Kashaya form is clinically practiced in the present era. This paper is an attempt to make a review on the formulaton Lodra Sevyadi Agada

Primary Leiomyosarcoma of the Kidney

Primary leiomyosarcoma of the kidney is a rare tumor with an aggressive behaviour. A 55-year-old woman presented with a left sided abdominal mass in our outpatient department. Radiologic investigations revealed the mass to be renal in origin with colonic adhesions for which radical nephrectomy and hemicolectomy were done. The tumor completely appeared to replace the left kidney and had a whorled character focally on cut section. Microscopically, spindle cells having malignant features with cigar shaped nuclei were seen. The smooth muscle origin of the cells was confirmed by immunohistochemical positivity for smooth muscle actin. Sarcomatoid variant of the renal cell carcinoma was ruled out as the tumor was negative for cytokeratin. Tumors with spindle cell morphology in the kidney should not always be taken for a sarcomatoid variant of renal cell carcinoma and should be investigated thoroughly

An experimental study to evaluate the antidotal activity of Neeli Moola (Indigofera tinctoria) Kalka w.s.r to haematological parameters in Vatsanabha (Aconitum ferox ) induced toxicity

Background: Vatsanabha is a potent cardiac poison comes under the category of Mahavisha with its main active principles aconitine, picraconine and pseudaconine. In the literatures there are descriptions about toxicants and in some traditional Malayalam textbooks antidotes has been explained under the concept “Prathyoushadha”. Neeli Moola has been mentioned as a Prathyoushadha for Vatsanabha poisoning in a renowned textbook ‘Visha Vaidya Jyotsnika’. Hence to evaluate the antidotal activity in Vatsanabha poisoning, Neeli Moola Kalka has been used and the haematological parameters were analyzed to screen the results. Methods: Wistar strain albino rats were used in this study which were divided into 3 groups, normal control, toxic control and the test drug group. The duration of the study was 28 days .The data generated was mentioned as Mean±SEM. Difference among the groups was assessed by employing one way ANOVA followed by Dunnet’s multiple ‘t’ test. Results: Reversible action has been observed after the administration of Neeli Moola Kalka in the hematological parameters which has shown toxicity changes due to administration of Vatsanabha. Conclusion: Neeli Moola Kalka is having mild to moderate antidote effect in Vatsanbha induced toxicity

Children Activity Alert System Using Accelerometer and GSM Technology

In this paper the discussion is about monitoring a child. Most of the children’s takes there first step sometime between 9 and 12 months and are walking well by the time ,when they are 14 or 16 months old and they will be in danger, during this age as they start walking. Hence we place a Accelerometer and RFID on the body of child to secure child from accidents such as falling or any injuries at home .The Accelerometer and RFID placed on hands and waist of baby which gives every movements of child. Temperature sensor is used to check the home temperature for safety of child

A CLINICAL STUDY ON ERANDAMULA KSHEERA BASTI IN THE MANAGEMENT OF VATAJA GRIDHRASI W.S.R TO SCIATICA

Now a day’s large number of population are suffering from low backache because of lifestyle modification, irregular sitting posture and house hold works. Low backache is a common symptom involving the muscles, nerves and vertebral column. Sciatica refers to pain that radiates along the path of Sciatic nerve. It resembles disease “Gridhrasi” in Ayurveda. Radiating pain is the predominant symptom with stiffness, which will hamper the daily activity of an individual. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the efficacy of Erandamula Ksheera Basti in Vataja Gridhrasi. A total 10 patients of Vataja Gridhrasi were administered Erandamula Ksheera Basti in Yoga Basti pattern for 8 days. Vataja Gridhrasi lakshanas and SLR Positive were taken as assessment parameters, which showed significant results. Hence, Erandamula Ksheera Basti has better effect on patients of Vataja Gridhrasi